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They are main factors to cause energy losses of the centrifugal pump.
Calculation results and analyses The designed parameters of the centrifugal pump in different operation points and properties of fluid that are used in computation are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 The designed parameters of centrifugal pump in different operation points and properties of fluid.
Wake is formed by some factors including developed boundary layer, developed second flow and separated flow in the impeller, which affect or promote each other.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 1, 59-62

b Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, MALAYSIA.
Defect will harm the assembly tend to affect the performance of the part.
Cold forging, one of the net-shape manufacturing processes is governed by many factors such as friction, parts geometries, die shape and temperature setting of the die and workpiece.
Pin Embossed hole Before After Fig. 1: The pin head before and after embossing An aluminum alloy (AA6061), with thickness 3 mm was used as an embossed material, and its properties used in the FEM simulation were listed in Table 1.
Table 1: Material properties of the workpiece and punch Parameter Workpiece Die/Punch Material type AA 6061 AISI D2 Modulus Young (GPa) 68 210 Poisson ratio 0.35 0.33 Punch Die Workpiece (a) (b) Fig. 2: The schematic model of the embossing process at the initial position.

Depending on the orbit, Al can be replaced by PE in such a way to reduce the payload without affecting the shielding effectiveness [9].
Materials Selection PE properties, such as lightweight and shielding ability, make it particularly suitable to manufacture bulk radiation shields with a minimal payload.
At first, HDPE thermal properties have been evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); the test has been carried out on 19.4 mg sample, heated from 36 °C to 180 °C with a rate of 10 K/min.
Conclusions At the state of the art, deep space exploration is prevented by environmental factors that strongly affect both the astronaut’s health and electronic devices performances; for this reason, developing an effective shield to GCR is fundamental to have successful long duration Space missions.
In future works, both shields are going to be tested to evaluate their actual shielding ability and the critical factors that mainly influences their behaviour.

This interest is fueled by the excellent mechanical, physical and chemical properties of these nitrides.
Research have shown that the coatings of TiN, ZrN, and HfN must always be prepared for the experiments, and results may be affected by several potential factors.
All calculating properties used a plane-wave cutoff energy 450eV.
In the interband-transition energy interval, the optical properties of TiN, ZrN, and HfN show typical semiconducting properties.
When the incident photon energy increases to where ε2(ω) reaches the minimum, the optical properties transit from metallic to dielectric properties.

Introduction Carbon-epoxy composites are widely used in aerospace, automobile applications due to their superior mechanical and physical properties.
Delamination, a barely visible internal damage (BVID), initiates between the neighbouring plies of CFRP, and decreases a load-carrying capacity of composite parts affecting their overall structural strength.
The drilling force has a direct effect on drilling-induced damage in composites; hence, it is considered to be the primary parameter affecting quality of a drilled hole [13, 14].
The drill was meshed with 35,000 elements, with the smallest element size of 125 μm. 4.2 Drill-workpiece contact and boundary conditions The contact and friction parameters used in the simulation were based on a number of experimental factors involving the cutting speed, feed rate, geometry and surface properties.
The details of this material model and corresponding material properties can be found in our previous paper [21].

Material properties The materials employed in the experimental program described in this paper are the same as those used in [20–22].
The reader can refer these papers for a comprehensive description of the tests performed to characterize the mechanical properties of the materials.
Table 1: Mechanical properties (declared by the producer) of the reinforcing system components.
These were positioned vertically so that the self weight did not affect the test results.
Mechanical properties and failure characteristics of CFRP under intermediate strain rates and varying temperatures.

There is considerable industrial significance to understand the nature of subsurface deformation under the machined surface for correct prediction of surface properties in machined components based upon the machined conditions and material behaviors that give rise to them.
Sometimes, improper selection of machining parameters would induce unexpected subsurface properties which would lead to the large initial wear of machined surface [1,2].
He further considered that the heat flux into the workpiece, contact time, and quenching rate are the key factors, with increasing temperature, time, and quench rate leading to a higher hardness being generated.
Plastic deformation of subsurface can create significant alteration in the mechanical properties of the material in this region as the result of elongation of the grains or strain hardening, and metallurgical (phase) changes.
The mechanical properties of machined subsurface layer are often evaluated by micro/nano hardness measurement in the region.

Combining inorganic fillers and polymers is a common practice in packaging, not only for reduction of costs, but also for improvements of properties that are important in packaging, such as barrier [4,5] and mechanical properties [6].
The introduction of CaCO3 noticeably improved rheological behavior of PHBV by increasing complex viscosity and enhancing mechanical properties.
Unfortunately, the mechanical properties were inferior when an overloaded amount of filler was used.
GPC was used to determine the molecular weight of PHBV samples since it is an important factor influencing properties and applications of polymers.
Zhang, Structure and mechanical properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/clay nanocomposites, J.

This combination of layers is widely used in medicine for improvement mechanical properties and biocompatibility behavior of bio elements.
The multi layer structures improves mechanical and biocompatibility properties of medical implants.
The transitional metal nitrides such as TiN are widely used as hard protective coatings due to their chemical stability and excellent mechanical properties.
Swain, Investigation of the stresses and stress intensity factors responsible for fracture of thin protective films during ultra-micro indentation tests with spherical indenters, Th.
Lee, Effects of the thickness of Ti buffer layer on the mechanical properties of TiN coatings, Surf. and Coat.

Microstructure and material composition have the greatest influence on the physical and mechanical properties of the boards.
Hygrothermal properties are most affected by inhomogeneity and hygroscopicity [2].
However, the amount of moisture contained in the material always has a significant effect on the final properties of the board material, not only on the hygrothermal properties, but also on the physical and mechanical properties.
Determination of diffusion properties.
The values of diffusion resistance factors are also tabulated in the standard EN ISO 10456 [11] and the measured values correspond to those stated in this standard.