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This interest is fueled by the excellent mechanical, physical and chemical properties of these nitrides.
Research have shown that the coatings of TiN, ZrN, and HfN must always be prepared for the experiments, and results may be affected by several potential factors.
All calculating properties used a plane-wave cutoff energy 450eV.
In the interband-transition energy interval, the optical properties of TiN, ZrN, and HfN show typical semiconducting properties.
When the incident photon energy increases to where ε2(ω) reaches the minimum, the optical properties transit from metallic to dielectric properties.

The variation of mechanical properties depends on the microstructure.
Therefore, morphology, size, distribution and amount of graphite flakes are deciding factor of mechanical properties of cast iron [2-3].
Therefore eutectoid transformation plays an important role in deciding the mechanical properties of cast iron.
However, very few have studied the effect of cooling rate and mechanical properties of the casting experimentally.
Konecna, Microstructure and mechanical properties of pearlitic gray cast iron, Mater.

Damage assessment and residual service life estimation of cracked timber beams Jan-Willem van de Kuilen1,2,a, Wolfgang Gard2,b 1Holzforschung München, TU München, Winzererstrasse 45, 80797, München, Germany 2Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, TU Delft, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft The Netherlands avandekuilen@wzw.tum.de, bw.f.gard@tudelft.nl Keywords: Service life, cracks, damage accumulation, degradation, residual strength models, safety factors.
The model can also be used to analyse safety factors that may need to be applied.
These models assume that cross sections do not change over time, for instance by assuming that over time the wood material properties are not influenced by decay and the cross section is constant.
A modification for changing material properties and cross sections can be found in [8,9].
The combination of a damage model with deterioration influence on the strength properties has resulted in a model which can easily be used to study the sensitivity of structures for different load sets and material parameters.

The formation mechanisms and properties of white layers produced in precision hard part machining of GCr15 hardened steels are not clearly understood to date.
Klocke et al. presented evidence that in addition to machining conditions, material properties affect white layer generation[4].
Table 1 Chemical components of GCr15 hardened bearing steel C Mn Si Cr P S Fe ％ 0.95-1.0 0.20-0.4 0.15-0.3 1.30-1.6 <0.020 <0.027 balance Fig.1 Precision hard turning set-up Surface structure The known factors, related to the white layer formation, are thermal performance of cutting tool and workpiece materials, cutting parameters and wear width of flank face.
Bosheh considered another three important factors are pressure, strain rate and cooling rate[7].
For the machined surface encounters an extremely short cycle thermo-mechanical process.

The scratch damage resistance and impact strength of PMMA sheets are necessary factors that have to be concerned by manufacturers.
A potential technique to improve the mechanical properties of polymer composites is brought about the concept in the crosslinking formation, without covalent bonds between them.
IPNs typically possess optimally mechanical and physical properties because of the synergistic effect of individual polymers [4].
The IPN technique is the method of simultaneous formation that can be used for mixing of organic and inorganic components at the monomer level to resolve a compatibility problem, IPNs typically possess optimally mechanical and physical properties [5].
Choi, Surface mechanical properties of poly (urethane acrylate)/silica hybrid interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) coatings, Progress in Organic Coatings, 97 (2016), 166-174

Introduction The main mechanical properties of waste fiber recycled concrete specimens are affected by fiber length, replacement rate of recycled aggregate, the amount of fiber volume and many other factors.
Fig.1 Steel rebar stress cloud Fig.2 Concrete destruction cloud When replacement rate of recycled aggregate is 50% and the eccentricity is 60mm，for specimen Z-60-1, 2, 3 and specimen Z-60-2, 4, 5, the waste fiber length and the amount of waste fiber affect concrete strain of waste fiber recycled concrete column.
Experimental research on mechanical properties of the waste fiber recycled concrete [J] .Concrete 2013, 3); 2-3 [5] ABAQUS Analysis Users Manual ABAQUS Inc , 2006 [6] Wang Li, Deng Sihua.

As wail as investigating of the deformation and failure behaviour of CF/Al-MMCs, their thermo-physical properties, were determined such as the coefficient of thermal expansion.
For this reason, the technology factor αz, according to the modified ROM, gets an important role.
References [1] Bhav Singh, B.; Balasubramanian, M.: Processing and properties of copper-coated carbon fibre reinforced aluminium alloy composites.
Published by Motor Transport Institute; Warsaw, and Foundry Research Institute; Cracow, 2007 [7] Sevik, H.; Can Kurnaz, S.: Properties of alumina particulate reinforced aluminium alloy produced by pressure die casting.
J.; Ballmes, H.; Rottmair, C.A.; Singer, R.F.; Gude, M.; Czulak, A.; Engelmann, F.; Hufenbach, W.: Factors affecting wettability and infiltration of 3D Reinforcement with liquid Al-based matrix.

Room temperature mechanical properties of the used titanium alloy were listed in Table 1.
Table 1 Room temperature mechanical properties of the Ti-Al-Mo-V-Nb-Cr alloy.
Testing performance σb/MPa σp0.2/MPa δ0.5/% ψ/% αku/J·cm-2 KIC/MPa·m1/2 Tensile properties 1432 1390 8.7 27.7 / / Impact properties / / / / 24 / Fracture toughness / / / / / 48 Experimental Results and Discussion True Stress-true Strain Curves.
The deformation temperature and stain rate are crucial factor in flow stress during the hot deformation.
Investigation of dynamic mechanical behavior and damage characteristics in TC32 alloy.

The microstructure and hardness of the bead-on-plate welds were analyzed in detail. 2 Experimental 2.1 Base metal and filler metal Q235 steel was used as base metal and its chemical constitution and mechanical property was listed in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively.
So the processing parameters was discovered by orthogonal test method and the processing parameters was listed in Table 3, the orthogonal test factors and levels was listed in Table 4.
Table 4 The orthogonal test factors and levels factors voltage current Welding speed number A B C D 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 1 3 3 3 4 2 1 2 3 5 2 2 3 1 6 2 3 1 2 7 3 1 3 2 8 3 2 1 3 9 3 3 2 1 Fig .2 The appearance of the welds 3.2 Hardness measurements For each weld sample, hardness(HV) was measured on the cross section of the weld specimens.
The higher K(——)i was, the more important the i factor was.
The primary and secondary order of the three factors which could affect the microhardness of the welds could be to sort as welding speed, welding voltage and welding current.

Operational vulnerability appears when the product is subjected to uncontrollable factors in manufacturing and operation processes and mainly results from violation of information axiom, which will lead to lack of operational robustness over the life cycle.
Operational vulnerabilities affecting product quality and reliability are mainly caused by random and uncertain noise factors in the processes of manufacture and operation.
Fig. 2 Analysis process of PoF PoF based reliability assessment approach involves the following activities [3]: (1) Identifying potential failure mechanisms (chemical, electrical, physical, mechanical, structural or thermal processes leading to failure); failure sites; and failure modes
(2) Identifying the appropriate failure models and their input parameters, including those associated with material characteristics, damage properties, relevant geometry at failure sites, manufacturing flaws and defects, and environmental and operating loads
These failure-mechanism models explicitly address the design parameters which have been found to influence reliability strongly, including material properties, defects and electrical, chemical, thermal and mechanical stresses.