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NiZn ferrite thin films can be fabricated by a number of techniques such as DC sputtering, magnetron sputtering, sol-gel, pulsed laser deposition, chemical vapor deposition and electrodeposition[5-7].
The surface morphology and grain size were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, JSM-6700).
The average grain size was 20-30 nm.
Many abnormally large grains appeared.
In addition, abnormal grain accompanied by the emergence of silicon diffusion emerged which lead to deterioration in the performance of films, making Ms and Mr decline.

The former appears to be a bulk non-crystalline microstructure with grain boundaries of amorphous phase under high magnification of SEM, while the high resolution SEM micrograph of the latter shows that the coating has a uniform amorphous matrix without a single grain or grain boundaries, there exists a part crystallization phenomenon for the coating and very fine grains are precipitated, and these fine grains are uniformly distributed in the amorphous matrix.
It is thought that the coating substrate is a Fe-based alloy (FeCrNi) amorphous phase, there may exist a large number of multi-component alloy carbides (large spherical phases), silicides (massive phases) and boron carbides (particles and rod-like phases) distributing in the amorphous matrix by combining with the dispersed phase morphology and coating composition analysis.
However, the diffraction peaks are not sharp, indicating very fine crystal grains in the coating.

The method of defining design variables can reduce the number of design variables obviously compared with previous work.
In the present study, we propose a new optimization method to decrease the number of design variables furthermore.
For a blended symmetric composite panel design with a maximum number of n plies, the number of design variables is n (n/2 for angle design variables and n/2 for length design variables) of Ref. 12, and the number reduces to 6+n/2 (6 for lamination parameter of guide laminate and n/2 for length design variables) using the present method.
Parallel genetic algorithm Parallel genetic algorithm is adopted to decrease optimization time, which always includes three types: master-slave parallel GA, coarse-grain GA and fine grain GA.
The number of design variables in Ref. 12 is 80, and that reduced to 46 using the present method.

Slim layer of fine grain concrete with compressive strength over 100 MPa was applied on one year old concrete beams with dimension 100 × 100 × 400 mm.
Different number of layers of two types of textile fabrics was applied into concrete layer.
In this case were used basalt textile reinforcement and shotcrete fine-grained cement matrix for strengthening reinforced concrete vault.
Bending test of strengthened specimens 100 × 100 × 400 mm brings the information about positive influence of TRC and quantifies differences between each type of used fabrics and between numbers of used layers.Four-points bending test was controlled by increase of deformation (1.0 mm/min) with clear span of supports 300 mm and it was performed on loading system INOVA.
Number of used textile layers Type of textile Thickness Maximum force Deflection Calculated tensile strength [-] [mm] [kN] [mm] [MPa] 0 layer - 0 17.1 0.58 5.1 1 layer AR-glass 4.2 44.3 2.05 13.4 3 layers AR-glass 5.8 64.1 1.79 17.9 1 layer Basalt 4.3 29.3 1.17 8.2 3 layers Basalt 5.7 47.4 2.58 13.9 Fig. 2: Bond tests of beams strengthened by various numbers and types of TRC.Conclusion AR-glass fabric had more than two times higher surface density than basalt fabric therefore higher maximum tensile strength and achieved force was predicted.

Especially, it is recalled that it does contain an information on their fluctuation within a constitutive phase, i.e. ensemble of grains with a given crystalline orientation.
A phase includes all the grains with the same crystalline orientation.
Consequently, in the following, the notion of "intraphase fluctuation" includes the fluctuations within a grain and between different grains presenting the same crystalline orientation but different neighbourhoods.
On the one hand, the storing rate is linked to the mean-free path which itself depends on a parameter K which corresponds to the number of obstacles (forest dislocations for instance) met by a dislocation.
To reduce the number of parameters, the ratio between latent and self-hardening is fixed to 1.4.

Blasting mechanism When the explosive blows up, it produces large amounts of explosive gases, while releasing a large number of energy damaging to the ore and rock.
For tunneling problems and similar coal mine engineering experience[2],in the fine-grained sandstone takes two cutting programs as shown in Table 1,Table 2,Part I program for closed small empty holes spiral cutting; Part II program uses linear cutting shown in Figure 1.
Calculated Q=16.7kg Estimate embrasure number
(3) Where: N is embrasure number; the remaining symbols are the same to before.
(4) Where: σN is the compressive strength of fine-grained sandstone, MPa; σf is the tensile strength of fine-grained sandstone, MPa; α is attenuation coefficient of explosives stress α = 2.7; RKis radius of empty eye, RK =20mm; R0is radius of charge eye, R0 =20mm; P is the blast wave radial initial peak P=3194.2MPa According to the properties of fine sandstone, measured the value of σN, σf and other physical values, and then took them together into the formula, we can obtain: L = 132mm.

. % yttria stabilized zirconia top coat (TC) and the CoNiCrAlY bond coat (BC) were sprayed onto the surface of newly developed fine-grained cast polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy Inconel 713LC by means of atmospheric plasma spraying (APS).
Table 1 Standard chemical composition (wt. %) and the average grain size of used powders [μm] Powder Average size Al Y Zr Cr Ni Co CoNiCrAlY 20 – 45 8.0 0.5 --- 21.0 32.0 bal.
ZrO2+Y2O3 20 – 45 --- 8.0 bal. --- --- --- Thermal barrier coating system was deposited on specimens made of a newly developed fine-grained cast polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy Inconel 713LC.
The microstructure of top coat is composed of pores and of considerable number of microcracks, especially at interfaces of individual splats.
Chemical composition of thermally growing oxide layer and adjacent complex oxide layer was studied at several locations as indicated by numbered white point at Fig. 4.

A number of 10 films are deposited at 8 sccm of Ar pressure while varying the rf power from 90 to 360 watt.
Experimental Procedure: A number of thin films were deposited on several ultrasonically cleaned soda-lime glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering system (TF-600).
A number of 10 films were sputtered by varying the RF power from 90 watt to 360 watt.
The acquired AFM images of the film were analyzed using nova-inverter to obtain the surface roughness and grain size of the surface.
It is found that the films deposited at high power are crystallized with large grains whereas the films deposited at low power are more randomly oriented and with smaller grains.

There is a reasonable number of systems, in which growth constants have been determined.
Of course, the influence of grainboundary diffusion is smaller in coarse-grained than in fine-grained polycrystals.
We note that long-range diffusion via this mechanism requires a sufficient number of antisite atoms.
For disilicides of refractory metals the integrated diffusion coefficient increases with the atomic number of the metal.
For M5Si3 silicides the integrated interdiffusion coefficient decreases with increasing atomic number of the metal.

There are a number of fractal stochastic models such as the fractional Brownian motion [4] and generalized Cauchy models [5] that are widely used in the modeling of material surfaces and their characteristics parameters such the Hurst exponent (and fractal dimension) can be linked to material properties. 2.
For untreated film, the elongated grain shape of nano fibers exhibit distinctive features.
As immersion time increases, the formation of similar sized cluster nano fibers is obviously observed at the 40-minutes film, causing the interval distances between the grains to decrease.
Film at 40-minutes has formed relatively bigger grain sizes compared to the other film due to the surface mobility of the adatoms in the nucleation stages of the film growth [8].
Acknowledgements The authors thank Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) for financial support under the Long Term Research Grant Scheme (LRGS) with grant number LR003-2011A.