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Online since: June 2018
Authors: Rostislav Drochytka, Lucie Galvánková, Matěj Lédl
Effect of Ammonium Ion Content in Fly Ash after Selective
Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC)
Matěj Lédl1,a*, Lucie Galvánková2,b and Rostislav Drochytka1,c
1Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology of Building Materials and Components, Veveří 331/95, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
2Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Material Chemistry, Purkyňova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic 3
aledl.m@fce.vutbr.cz, bxcgalvankova@fch.vut.cz, cdrochytka.r@fce.vutbr.cz
Keywords: Autoclaved aerated concrete; fly ash; selective non-catalytic reduction; tobermorite; ammonia; compressive strength
Abstract.
This phenomenon is also supported by the formation of porous structure due to reaction of aluminium powder in alkaline environment enabling better gas permeability unlike in case of non-aerated concrete where trapped ammonia causes air entraining and thus decrease in density and compressive strength [3].
This phenomenon is also supported by the formation of porous structure due to reaction of aluminium powder in alkaline environment enabling better gas permeability unlike in case of non-aerated concrete where trapped ammonia causes air entraining and thus decrease in density and compressive strength [3].
Online since: November 2010
Authors: Ya Ling Li, Yuan Mei Chen, Guang Fei Liu, Guo Qing Zhang, Jia Ning Ning
The results showed that silver myristate/AgBr composite particles are composed of rod-like silver myristate grains with a layer structure and small silver bromide particles formed on the surface of silver myristate.
I(f) 2Theta Crystal plane silver myristate/AgBr 2Theta B 1 1.0 2.262 001 2.242 0.142 2 100.0 4.505 002 4.482 0.159 3 80.0 6.742 003 6.757 0.154 4 10.0 9.072 004 9.020 0.114 5 8.0 11.320 005 11.300 0.155 6 2.0 13.528 006 13.562 0.160 7 2.0 15.812 007 15.829 0.105 JCPDS No.06-0438 (AgBr) 1 100.0 30.960 200 30.922 0.220 2 55.0 44.346 220 44.321 0.221 3 16.0 55.042 222 55.019 0.149 4 14.0 73.261 420 73.222 0.238 Structure of silver myristate/AgBr The XRD pattern of the silver myristate/AgBr sample was shown in Fig. 2 and XRD diffraction peaks were shown in table 1.
These diffraction peaks belonged to (00l) reflections, which were indexed to be a triclinic crystal structure of silver myristate (JCPDS, No. 04-0042).
The composite particles were composed of rod-like silver myristate with well-defined layer structure and small AgBr particles formed on the surface of silver myristate.
Dean: Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry, simplified Chinese translation edition, edited by J.
I(f) 2Theta Crystal plane silver myristate/AgBr 2Theta B 1 1.0 2.262 001 2.242 0.142 2 100.0 4.505 002 4.482 0.159 3 80.0 6.742 003 6.757 0.154 4 10.0 9.072 004 9.020 0.114 5 8.0 11.320 005 11.300 0.155 6 2.0 13.528 006 13.562 0.160 7 2.0 15.812 007 15.829 0.105 JCPDS No.06-0438 (AgBr) 1 100.0 30.960 200 30.922 0.220 2 55.0 44.346 220 44.321 0.221 3 16.0 55.042 222 55.019 0.149 4 14.0 73.261 420 73.222 0.238 Structure of silver myristate/AgBr The XRD pattern of the silver myristate/AgBr sample was shown in Fig. 2 and XRD diffraction peaks were shown in table 1.
These diffraction peaks belonged to (00l) reflections, which were indexed to be a triclinic crystal structure of silver myristate (JCPDS, No. 04-0042).
The composite particles were composed of rod-like silver myristate with well-defined layer structure and small AgBr particles formed on the surface of silver myristate.
Dean: Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry, simplified Chinese translation edition, edited by J.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Yong Li Zhu, Long Shuai Dou, Jian Gang Han, Yu Jing Jing, Gang Zhao
The adsorption mechanism is supposed that rice husk charcoal firstly imbibes in water and much swells, and then ammonium ion diffuses into the micro pore structure and redistributes upon a steady state.
Biochar is a mixture of cellulose, carboxyl, phenol etc., which is characterized by complicated pore structure and strong capacity of sorption [2].
Therefore, the adsorption mechanism is supposed that rice husk charcoal firstly imbibes in water and much swells, and then ammonium ion diffuses into the micro pore structure and redistributes upon a steady state.
(3) The adsorption mechanism is supposed that rice husk charcoal firstly imbibes in water and much swells, and then ammonium ion diffuses into the micro pore structure and redistributes upon a steady state.
Stavros: Environmental Science Technology Vol. 38 (2004), p. 3632 [7] Xusheng He, Zengchao Geng, Diao She, Baojian Zhang and Haiying Gao: Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Vol. 27 (2011), p. 1 (in Chinese) [8] Ning Wang, Yanwei Hou, Jingjing Peng, Jiulan Dai and Chao Cai: Environmental Chemistry Vol.31 (2012), p. 287 (in Chinese) [9] L.
Biochar is a mixture of cellulose, carboxyl, phenol etc., which is characterized by complicated pore structure and strong capacity of sorption [2].
Therefore, the adsorption mechanism is supposed that rice husk charcoal firstly imbibes in water and much swells, and then ammonium ion diffuses into the micro pore structure and redistributes upon a steady state.
(3) The adsorption mechanism is supposed that rice husk charcoal firstly imbibes in water and much swells, and then ammonium ion diffuses into the micro pore structure and redistributes upon a steady state.
Stavros: Environmental Science Technology Vol. 38 (2004), p. 3632 [7] Xusheng He, Zengchao Geng, Diao She, Baojian Zhang and Haiying Gao: Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Vol. 27 (2011), p. 1 (in Chinese) [8] Ning Wang, Yanwei Hou, Jingjing Peng, Jiulan Dai and Chao Cai: Environmental Chemistry Vol.31 (2012), p. 287 (in Chinese) [9] L.
Online since: February 2015
Authors: Dan Dan Song, Tao Yang
New structure of neural network multi-step prediction that is different from cascade or parallel is given.
PFC control input structure as the key problem, can overcome the other model predictive control law of the control input may be unknown, and has a good tracking ability and strong robustness[7].
In addition, PFC model has no special requirements, can be arbitrary structure.
(a) The side slip angle (b)The yaw rate Fig. 4 Response of vehicle at cornering maneuver (a) The side slip angle (b)The yaw rate Fig. 5 Response of vehicle at lane change Conclusion Vehicle yaw stability is influenced by many uncertain factors, such as structure parameters, running speed, steering angle, road adhesion coefficient and side wind.
Industrial Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development, 1985b, 24: 484 494.
PFC control input structure as the key problem, can overcome the other model predictive control law of the control input may be unknown, and has a good tracking ability and strong robustness[7].
In addition, PFC model has no special requirements, can be arbitrary structure.
(a) The side slip angle (b)The yaw rate Fig. 4 Response of vehicle at cornering maneuver (a) The side slip angle (b)The yaw rate Fig. 5 Response of vehicle at lane change Conclusion Vehicle yaw stability is influenced by many uncertain factors, such as structure parameters, running speed, steering angle, road adhesion coefficient and side wind.
Industrial Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development, 1985b, 24: 484 494.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Ming Qiu Wang, Jun Yan, Hai Ping Cui, Shi Guo Du, Yi Guo, Hong Guang Li
Effect of Co Concentration on Composition and Electromagnetic Shielding Properties of Ni-Co-P
Mingqiu Wang1, a, Jun Yan1, b, Haiping Cui2, b, Shiguo Du1, b, Guo Yi1, b,
Li Hongguang1, b
1The 3rd Department of Mechanical Engineering College, Shijiazhuang 050003, China
2Physics and Chemistry Section of Mechanical Engineering College, Shijiazhuang, 050003, China
amqwang1514@163.com, byan-junjun@263.net
Keywords: Electroless Plating; Ni–Co–P Alloy; Plating Rate; Electromagnetic Shielding
Abstract.
The structure of the as-plated Ni–Co–P alloys at all conditions is amorphous.
It was found that the chemical composition, phase structure, and plating rate of Ni–Co–P films formed by electroless plating were determined by the bath composition and operation parameters [8, 9].
As shown in Table 2, it also can be seen that the minimum of phosphorus content is 10.07%, which indicate that crystalline structure of Ni-Co-P is amorphous.
The following results are obtained in this work: Owing to the P content of all samples is over 8%, the structure of the as-plated Ni–Co–P alloys plated at all conditions is amorphous.
The structure of the as-plated Ni–Co–P alloys at all conditions is amorphous.
It was found that the chemical composition, phase structure, and plating rate of Ni–Co–P films formed by electroless plating were determined by the bath composition and operation parameters [8, 9].
As shown in Table 2, it also can be seen that the minimum of phosphorus content is 10.07%, which indicate that crystalline structure of Ni-Co-P is amorphous.
The following results are obtained in this work: Owing to the P content of all samples is over 8%, the structure of the as-plated Ni–Co–P alloys plated at all conditions is amorphous.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Ming Lin Jin, Xia Shao, Shuang Ling Jin, Jie Ling Cheng, Rui Zhang, Hua Feng Zhang, Zhi Jun Li, Ning Jiang, Shi Min Zhang
The relationship between pore texture, surface chemistry and dibenzothiophene adsorption capacity was investigated.
The role of activated carbon desulfurization mainly depends its rich acidic functional groups on the surface and well-developed microporous structure [6, 19, 20].
However, the relationship between the oxygen content and pore structure has not been well understood and high surface area activated carbon are rarely reported in terms of adsorption desulfurization.
The objective of this research is to acquire a deep insight into the mechanism of adsorption desulfurization on activated carbon materials and the relationship between the oxygen content and pore structure, and to explore the influence of high temperature treatment on pore structure and surface properties of the activated carbon, and their adsorption desulfurization performance.
A Micromeritics ASAP 2020 instrument was used to characterize the surface areas and pore structures of the samples using N2 adsorption/desorption at -196 oC.
The role of activated carbon desulfurization mainly depends its rich acidic functional groups on the surface and well-developed microporous structure [6, 19, 20].
However, the relationship between the oxygen content and pore structure has not been well understood and high surface area activated carbon are rarely reported in terms of adsorption desulfurization.
The objective of this research is to acquire a deep insight into the mechanism of adsorption desulfurization on activated carbon materials and the relationship between the oxygen content and pore structure, and to explore the influence of high temperature treatment on pore structure and surface properties of the activated carbon, and their adsorption desulfurization performance.
A Micromeritics ASAP 2020 instrument was used to characterize the surface areas and pore structures of the samples using N2 adsorption/desorption at -196 oC.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Shi Hua Zhong, Feng Pei Qi, Bing Yu Liu
Synthesis of Macroporous Polystyrene Validamycin A Amphiphilic Adsorbent Resin and Its Adsorption Properties for Pueraia Isoflavones
Shi Hua Zhong1,a , Feng Pei Qi1,2,b , Bing Yu Liu1,c
1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University,
Changsha , Hunan, 410081, China
2Chemical and Environmental Engineering of Hunan City University,
Yiyang, Hunan, 413001, China
ash-zhong@163.com, bqifp312@yahoo.com.cn, cliubingyu02@163.com
Key words: polystyrene Validamycin A, amination, amphiphilic adsorbent resin
Absract: A novel amphiphlic adsorbent resin of macroporous polystyrene Validamycin A was synthesized via the amination of chloromethylated macroporous crosslinked polystyrene resin using Validamycin A.
Its chemical structure was characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectra and elemental analysis.
Its pore structure was determined by nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements.
Results and Discussion Fig.3 IR spectra of Validamycin A(a), chloromethylated polystyrene(b), and polystyrene Validamycin A resin(c) Chemical structure of polystyrene Validamycin A resin As shown in Fig.3, the strong band of C–Cl bond at 1268 and 675 cm-1 almost disappeared in the IR spectra of polystyrene Validamycin A resin, and a strong band at 3301 cm-1 appeared, which indicated the introduction of hydroxyl groups in the resin.
Pore structure of polystyrene Validamycin A resin Tab.1 shows BET surface areas and average pore diameters of chloromethylated polystyrene resin and the polystyrene Validamycin A resin.
Its chemical structure was characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectra and elemental analysis.
Its pore structure was determined by nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements.
Results and Discussion Fig.3 IR spectra of Validamycin A(a), chloromethylated polystyrene(b), and polystyrene Validamycin A resin(c) Chemical structure of polystyrene Validamycin A resin As shown in Fig.3, the strong band of C–Cl bond at 1268 and 675 cm-1 almost disappeared in the IR spectra of polystyrene Validamycin A resin, and a strong band at 3301 cm-1 appeared, which indicated the introduction of hydroxyl groups in the resin.
Pore structure of polystyrene Validamycin A resin Tab.1 shows BET surface areas and average pore diameters of chloromethylated polystyrene resin and the polystyrene Validamycin A resin.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Jian Guo, Wen Dong Song, Jing Bo An, Shao Wei Tong
Introduction
In recent years, people show an more and more interest to the reasonable design and construction of metal-organic coordination polymers based on supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering.
The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques using the SHELXTL program package[8].
Part of the crystal structure of 1 with atomic labeling scheme at 30% probability thermal ellipsoids.
As shown in Fig. 3, The extensive N-H···O hydrogen bonding interactions lead to the formation of an infinite 2D structure.
The hydrogen bonds and the π···π interactions make the 2D structure extend into a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture.
The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques using the SHELXTL program package[8].
Part of the crystal structure of 1 with atomic labeling scheme at 30% probability thermal ellipsoids.
As shown in Fig. 3, The extensive N-H···O hydrogen bonding interactions lead to the formation of an infinite 2D structure.
The hydrogen bonds and the π···π interactions make the 2D structure extend into a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture.
Online since: January 2010
Authors: Marcel Ausloos, Catherine Henrist, Rudi Cloots, Robert E. Vandenberghe, Andrzej Zaleski, Tatyana Koutzarova, Svetoslav Kolev, Kornely Grigoriev Grigorov, Chavdar Ghelev, Ivan Nedkov
Its
crystal structure is the so-called magnetoplumbite structure that can be described as a stacking
sequence of the basic S (spinel) and R (hexagonal) blocks [4, 5].
The most commonly used among these "new routes" is synthesis of nano-sized powders by using "wet chemistry", often called the "chemical route".
The reverse microemulsion system exhibits a dynamic structure of nanosized aqueous droplets which are in constant deformation, breakdown, and coalescence.
It shows the characteristic peaks corresponding to the barium hexaferrite structure.
The five six-line sub-patterns were assigned to the 12k, 4f2, 4f1, 2a and 2b sites of the hexagonal crystal structure.
The most commonly used among these "new routes" is synthesis of nano-sized powders by using "wet chemistry", often called the "chemical route".
The reverse microemulsion system exhibits a dynamic structure of nanosized aqueous droplets which are in constant deformation, breakdown, and coalescence.
It shows the characteristic peaks corresponding to the barium hexaferrite structure.
The five six-line sub-patterns were assigned to the 12k, 4f2, 4f1, 2a and 2b sites of the hexagonal crystal structure.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Shun Tan, Zhi Jun Zhang, Jian Ping Sun, Qing Wen Wang
Different structures of acidic zeolite catalysts were used as bed material in the reactor.
The yield of the pyrolysis product phases was only slightly influenced by the structures, at the same time the chemical composition of the bio-oil was dependent on the structure of acidic zeolite catalysts.
It was possible to successfully regenerate the spent zeolites without changing the structure of the zeolite.
It is likely that advances in understanding the chemistry of catalytic fast pyrolysis combined with the development of improved catalytic materials, which are specifically designed for biomass conversion, will lead to further process improvements.
Pittman Jr.: Green Chemistry.
The yield of the pyrolysis product phases was only slightly influenced by the structures, at the same time the chemical composition of the bio-oil was dependent on the structure of acidic zeolite catalysts.
It was possible to successfully regenerate the spent zeolites without changing the structure of the zeolite.
It is likely that advances in understanding the chemistry of catalytic fast pyrolysis combined with the development of improved catalytic materials, which are specifically designed for biomass conversion, will lead to further process improvements.
Pittman Jr.: Green Chemistry.