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Nanomaterials are made of nanoparticles; the regime of nanoparticle is from 1 nm to almost 100 nm, falls between the classic fields of chemistry and solid-state physics.
The sizes, surface structures and interparticle interactions of nanomaterials determine their unique properties and the improved performances, and make their potential application in many areas such as electronics, optics, catalysis, ceramics and magnetic data storage.
Barakat, New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater, Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 4 (2011) 361-377 [3] M.

Characteristic, Microstructure and Properties of Dense Hydroxyapatite Ceramic from Cockle Shell for Biomaterials Tiwasawat Sirisoam1,a, Cherdsak Saelee1,b, Sakdiphon Thiansem2,c and Sittiporn Punyanitya3,d 1Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 50200 2Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 50200 3Biomedical Materials and Ceramic Industrial Research Unit, Chiang Mai, Thailand 50200 at.sirisoam@gmail.com, bcherdsak.s@cmu.ac.th, csakdiphon@hotmail.com, dpunyanitya.s@gmail.com Keywords: hydroxyapatite, biomaterial, cockle shell.
These natural materials pertain some advantage properties that they inherit from the raw materials such as pore structures.
Acknowledgements This research is supported by the Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Department of Industrial chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Department of Physics and Materials science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University and the Biomedical Materials and Ceramic Industrial Research Unit, Chiang Mai University.  

Fig. 1 The Structure of PAMAM Dendrimer (Generation 1).
The pigment compounds of this extracts was isolated via Q-TOF LC/MS and was identified as fucoxanthin and chlorophyll b on the basis of a comparison with Compound Library obtained from PubChem Open Chemistry Database [17].
[17] National Institute of Health, PubChem Open Chemistry Database, Retrieved on 4th April 2016 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pccompound

Simultaneous Determination of Hydroquinone and Catechol at Poly-histidine Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode Qiu-xia Yang, Wei-ping Sui, Da-wei Fan and Guo-bao Li a Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China aemail, chm_ligb@ujn.edu.cn Keywords: Histidine; Hydroquinone; Catechol; Electrocatalysis; Simultaneous determination Abstract The poly-histidine (poly-HTD) film was prepared at glassy carbon electrode by electropolymerization, and its electrochemical behavior was investigated by cyclic voltammetry.
Moreover, the dihydroxybenzene isomers often coexist and interfere with each other because of their similar structure and property.
Hu: Materials Chemistry and Physics Vol. 131(2011), p. 72 [7] S.

Preparation and characterization of Polyesteramide composited by carbon nanotube He Yi1, a, Ma Lan2,b, Hai Peng2,c and Li Jinbo2,d 1 State Key Lab of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation (Southwest Petroleum University), Rd. 8, Xindu District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, P.R.China, 610500 2School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering， Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province , P.R.China, 610500 aemail: 13881958071@163.com(corresponding author), bemail: 616990769@qq.com , cemail: hhpp20051034@163.com,  demail: li.jinbo4424@163.com   Keywords: Polyesteramide, carbon nanotube, Nanocomposition.
MWNTs(Provided by Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry catalytic group, Chinese Academy of Sciences), MWNTs was synthesized by catalytic chemical deposition method using gas, measured by transmission electron microscope having a diameter of 20-40nm, the length at the micron level.
Uniformly dispersing of carbon nanotubes in the polymer matrix will improve the mechanical properties of the composited material, and non-uniform dispersion make materials to form a multiphase system, the structure of the composite material will be destroyed.

The native crystal structures of impurities, required for cohesive energy calculations (see in Ref. [9] for more detail) are selected according to Ref [15].
Yushko, Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment. 5 (1971) 67
Khazanova, Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment. 6 (1975) 77

We observe the fiber body’s micro structure through the scan electron microscopy as shown in Fig. 4 and 5.
[7] Shen Zhong, Wang GuoTing, Collid Chemistry and Capillary Chemistry.

Vanhaelemeersch 1f 1 IMEC vzw, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium 2 K U Leuven, Dept. of Chemistry, Celestijielaan, 200 F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium a parasch@imec.be, bclaesm@imec.be, cbaklanov@imec.be, dboullart@imec.be, e degendt@imec.be, fvhaele@imec.be Keywords: High-K, HfO2, wet-removal, HF.
Introduction High-k gate material (HIK) like hafnium oxide (HfO2) and its combination with aluminum (Al) or silicon (Si) emerged as promising candidates for replacing silicon dioxide (SiO2) in the gate structure.
Among few chemistries proposed to etch the HIK-layer, the HF based solutions are the preferred candidates [3, 4].

Changes to the chemistry of the HA coating, in a previous study, by the implantation of magnesium ions at a dose of 1 x 10 17 ions/cm2 produced a significant increase in bone growth into coated slots after both 3 and 6 weeks when compared with HA controls [13].
The ion beam implantation method enables the alteration of the surface chemistry of the HA-coating without changes to the hydroxyapatite bulk properties.
At 23 keV average energy, it is presumed that Mg ions will not have penetrated beyond 60nm from the surface of the HA-coating and that the Mg ions remain as isolated atomic forms with no incorporation into the molecular structure by bonding.

When temperature increased, the isomeride of thiourea dioxide was inclined to convert to formamidine sulfinic acid whose structure was not stable and rapidly decomposed SO22- to enhance reducing capacity of this system.
Acknowledgements This research was financially supported by Zhejiang Provincial Key Innovation Team (No. 2010R50038), Zhejiang Top Academic Discipline of Applied Chemistry and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing and Innovative Research Team in University (Grant No.
Russian journal of general chemistry Vol. 76 (2006), p. 1599