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The main advantage of wood as a bone implant biomaterial is its structural similarity to bone structure.
Between 1930 and 1960, research was carried out pre-treatment methods of wood densification, for example by using heat treatment or chemical compounds to impregnate the wood filling the porous structure of the cell wall.
Recent research on wood densification has involved the pretreatment of a chemical or enzymatic modification by which chemical components (lignin, hemicelluloses, cellulose) in the cell wall structure are modified and partially destroyed and new covalent bonds are formed [7;8].
In this study, partial degradation and modification of lignin and hemicelluloses of solid juniper wood samples was performed by Kraft cooking pretreatment in combination with the change in the structure of wood cell walls during hot-pressing, provided an increase in density and corresponding increase in MOR and MOE.
Acknowledgements Financial support for this research is from Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry Bio-economic grant “JunBon” 2022.

Encapsulation of Turmeric Crude Extracted in Chitosan Hydrogel Beads for Antimicrobial in Animal Health Care Applications Samitthichai Seeyangnok1,a, Parisa Sae-Khow1,b, Siriporn Pranee2 and Kanyavee Wootitunthipong2 1Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand 2Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkhen, Bangkok, Thailand asamitthichai.s@sci.kmutnb.ac.th, bparisa.pss.04@gmail.com Keywords: Chitosan, Hydrogel, Turmeric crude extract, Controlled drug release Abstract.
It is a hydrophilic polymer and a three-dimensional mesh structure with small porosity inside the structure.
This is an adaptation to the balance of the hydrogel structure.
The influence of TCE releasing solution of CS hydrogel beads on antimicrobial activity by clear zone inhibition test CS Condition (20 mg) Zone of Inhibition (mm) S. intermedius E. coli P. aeroginosa K. pneumoniae CS2TPP1 32.85±0.58 36.43±2.65 30.24±0.26 19.84±0.37 CS2TPP3 33.21±1.35 38.87±1.73 30.97±0.85 20.78±1.37 CS2TPP5 34.91±1.62 39.15±3.49 32.06±0.46 22.12±0.22 CS2TPP7 33.10±0.10 33.51±0.38 32.05±0.08 28.11±0.10 CS4TPP1 38.83±0.08 35.32±0.20 32.91±0.13 30.56±0.13 CS4TPP3 37.42±0.23 33.72±0.13 31.62±1.08 35.55±3.93 CS4TPP5 37.04±0.60 40.44±0.61 34.12±0.99 31.56±0.13 CS4TPP7 34.61±0.63 37.82±0.19 32.45±0.75 31.56±0.26 Chloramphenical (10 mg) 41.23±0.28 43.73±0.21 39.64±0.48 33.64±0.41 The difference of inhibitory activity on different bacterial strain are depend on structure and component of bacteria cells.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, and partially supported by the Applied Science Research Grant (ASRG) from Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok.

Metallization of the 3C-SiC(100) 3x2 surface by atomic hydrogen From Si-rich to C-rich, the 3C-SiC(100) surface has 10 different reconstructions all having very different properties and atomic structure [3].
The complex atomic structure of 3x2 reconstruction (Sirich ) has been determined by atom-resolved STM, grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD) at ESRF (Grenoble), photoelectron diffraction (PED) at ALS (Berkeley) [3,7], and ab-initio total energy calculations [8].
The vibrational band at 2100 cm-1 is associated with H on the Si back-surface of the multiple internal reflection plate, while the two modes centered at 2118 cm-1 and 2140 cm-1 are assigned to the top layer H-Si-Si-H dimer, and to the Si 3rd layer H-Si structure.
From the 3C-SiC(100) 3x2 surface structure [7,8], one can therefore easily deduce that this could occur only in the 3rd Si plane located just above the first C plane [3].
Starnberg, in Physics and Chemistry of Alkali Metal Adsorption, Elsevier Sci.

Macura 5 1 Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O.
At temperature above 300 oC, it changes into β-hexacelsian, due to a transformation of Al2Si2O8 sheets to a trigonally disordered pseudohexagonal structure.
Anorthite has a feldspar-type structure and is iso structural with monoclinic celsian [24].
Tetrahedrally coordinated Si4+ with next nearest neighbors Al3+ cations forms environment in only one crystallographic site that is known in hexacelsian structure [21, 26, 27].
The Li-BAS 4 spectrum convincingly indicates short-range disorder of T cations in hexacelsian structures.

Depending on the producing method, TiO2 films have porous and/or compact (barrier-type) structure.
Some works have shown that films electrodeposited in H2SO4 at 150V have rutile-rich crystal structure with a honeycomb-like surface morphology, while those formed at 100V have anatase-rich structure with a smoother surface [4,5].
This finding is probably correlated to the porous layer as the sample D has larger pores and both samples are mainly composed of the rutile structure [5].
Additional characteristics related to the surface must be also taken into account for biomedical applications, such as roughness, morphology and chemistry.
In fact, the porous morphology appears to contribute to the anchoring and attachment of osteoblast cells, while the surface chemistry promotes apatite nucleation on the coatings in tests in-vitro [7].

Teši 3 1 ICTM - Department for Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro 2Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro 3Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro Keywords: Metallic Clusters, Modified Zeolite, Palladium, Platinum, Water Splitting ABSTRACT Nanodispersed metallic clusters of platinum and palladium were incorporated into NaX zeolite cavities by impregnation with acetone solution of corresponding acetylacetonates, solvent evaporation and acetylacetonate thermal decomposition.
INTRODUCTION Zeolites are crystal aluminosilicates having porous, cavity structure, consisting of cages that are interconnected by channels.
Complete characterization of metal aggregates comprises determination of the metal dispersion (particle size and particle location), as well as determination of the atomic and electronic structure of particles.
This indicates that modification procedure did not destroy original crystal structure of zeolite.
XRD analysis reveals that the metal incorporation does not destroy the original crystal structure of zeolite.

The inhibition effect is closely related to the molecular spatial structure as well as the molecular electronic structure, thus, the quantum chemical calculations were performed.
Geometric structures and electronic properties of sulfamethoxzole applied as inhibitors were calculated with Hyperchem7.5 semi-empirical program using AM1 method.
The optimized molecular structure and the frontier molecular orbital density distribution of sulfamethoxzole are shown in Fig.5.
Structural formula Optimized molecular structure HOMO LUMO Fig.5 Molecular structure and HOMO–LUMO of sulfamethoxzole From the HOMO and LUMO of sulfamethoxzole, it can be observed that only the benzene ring has larger electric density, which indicated that the molecule of sulfamethozazole can directly adsorb on the steel surface by donor–acceptor interactions between the-electrons of the benzene ring and the vacant d-orbitals of iron atoms.
Hosseini, Materials Chemistry and Physics 109 (2008) 281-286

Kotoban et al. [6] studied the multi-material structure of SS and Ni based super-alloy using additive laser cladding.
In multi-layer cladding of IN718 by Lambarri et al. [9], dendrite structures are observed after post heat-treatment with Ni-γ matrix and inter-dendritic precipitates.
The present study aims to develop multi-material bimetal structures from stainless steel and nickel based superalloy.
(a) Particle shape and size comparision (b) Histogram of IN718 particle (100 particles) Powder chemistry.
The chemistry of IN718 surface layer is determined by analysing the composition, and the average value is considered that gave major constituent of Ni as 50-55 %.

In a substitutional solid solution BB', there is a random arrangement of B and B' on equivalent lattice positions in the crystal structure.
Upon suitable heat treatment, the random solid solution rearranges into a structure in which B and B' occupy the same set of positions but in a regular way, such a structure is described as superstructure.
Based on above discussion we have now indexed the XRD peaks of Ba2MgWO6 as an ordered complex cubic perovskite with A2BB'O6 crystal structure.
Risbud, in Better Ceramics through Chemistry III, edited by C.
Wells, Structural Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed.

The structure of LDH resembles the structure of brucite, Mg(OH)2 where Mg is surrounded by six oxygen atoms in the form of hydroxide, forming an octahedral unit.
This process maintains the layered structure and contributes to 10.3-14.5% loss of the total weight of the sample.
Chang, Chemistry, tenth ed., McGraw Hill, New York, 2010
Armstrong, Shriver and Atkins' Inorganic Chemistry, Fifth ed., Oxford University Press, Italy, 2010
Kannan, Layered double hydroxides with the hydrotalcite-type structure containing Cu2+, Ni2+ and Al3+, J.