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The mechanical properties of oxide scale are attributed to temperature [4].
Surface roughness the other factor, is a core quality feature of hot rolled steel strip.
A number of factors, including porosity, oxide scales present in the layer, and the chemical compositions of the steel influence the formation of wustite [6], determine the strength of the oxides scales and therefore the coefficient of friction.
On the other hand, oxide scale can help reduce wear by protecting against loss of metal due to mechanical damage [7].
Gleeble 3500 thermo-mechanical simulation system was adopted for the short time oxidation tests.

Several studies are underway to improve the mechanical characteristics of these fibers and its matrix interface properties for better load transfer.
For the case of dried and Fibrolinetreated hemp fibers, large decrease in mechanical and interfacial properties was observed.
Indeed, the mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced composites are not only dependent on the individual properties of fiber and matrix but also on the efficiency of load transfer between the two constituents.
Fiber mechanical properties Fibers were carefully extracted from hemp mats, and then pasted on cardboard supports (Fig. 2).
[9] Thygesen A., Properties of hemp fiber polymer composites.

The mechanical properties exhibited by composite rubber components under cam rotation were investigated.
The effect of adding nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of acrylic removable denture.
Effects of Modifying Agent and Conductive Hybrid Filler on Butyl Rubber Properties: Mechanical, Thermo-Mechanical, Dynamical and Re-Crosslinking Properties.
Experimental and numerical investigation of factors that affecting in frictional welding of mild steel and Al alloy A356.
Rubber-filler interactions and its effect in rheological and mechanical properties of filled compounds.

Several factors impact the MRR, including feed rate, cutting speed, and depth of cut.
Previously, a factorial approach was used to systematically investigate the effects of these factors on the specific power consumption [6].
Cutting speed was identified as the most significant factor affecting MRR, as shown in Table 4 and signal-to-noise ratio plots.
The rake angle showed no significant effect on MRR, possibly due to specific material properties or cutting conditions that minimize its influence on chip formation [3].
Depth of cut emerged as the most critical factor affecting cutting power consumption, followed by cutting speed, feed rate, and rake angle.

Choose genetic algorithm to search the optimum process parameter of the laser cladding valve parts contains 5 factors: The coding method, the initial population set, evaluation function as the design of fitness function, design of genetic operation and set of algorithm control parameters [2].
At this point, P = 1790.8W, V = 3.4mm / s,, G = 60.6r/min D = 2.1mm = 1.4mm, at this time the fine organization of the laser cladding layer, porosity, inclusions greatly reduced, the rate of the cladding dilution , the width of the heat-affected zone, microhardness, and strength and toughness properties are significantly improved, which are conducive to improve the use of performance [9,10 of ]the wear resistance of the valve parts, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, .
Practice has proved that the optimal process parameters obtained by the genetic algorithm is correct, and greatly enhanced the laser cladding layer wear resistance, corrosion resistance and fatigue properties, good production practice guidance。
Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press(2006) [6] Min Xilin, Liu Guohua.
Mechanical Design,Vol 21 album: 123-124

Composite is a material made out of two diverse constituent materials each having distinctive physical and substance properties and this would make a last consolidated material with unexpected properties in comparison to that of parent constituents.
MMCs can offer fundamentally enhanced properties including durability; particular modulus, damping limit, and great wear opposition contrasted with original material.
Major factors affecting wear are sliding distance, load, speed, etc. and it is therefore important in tailoring the composite materials and come up with optimized material to get the best performance [10-14].
In this research, attempts have been made in producing hybrid Al-MMCs by liquid state processing and examine its mechanical properties.
Conclusions · Preparation of hybrid composites by liquid metallurgy technique was made with analyzing of mechanical properties.

There are several known factors that influence the migration of grain boundaries such as second phase particles precipitated in the matrix and the solute elements segregated at grain boundaries.
Thus, due to its major influence on final microstructure and, therefore, on mechanical, electrical, and magnetical properties, the accurate experimental determination and theoretical prediction of the prior austenite grain size (PAGS) of materials becomes of the greatest importance in metallurgical studies [1-3].
The influence of these elements is shown by the way they delay the grain growth process and also the phase transformations, during subsequent cooling, affecting Ar3 temperature [5].
Therefore, their influence leads to fine-grained microstructures with improved mechanical properties.
The value of β depends on factors such as the geometry of particles and austenite grains, or coherency between particle and matrix. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0 5 10 15 20 Energy, Kev cps, Arbitrary Units Nb Nb Nb Cu C Cu N Fig. 3.

Bubbles and craft parameters in vacuum casting are the key factors to the quality of products.
Bubbles in reaction and craft parameters such as pressure, velocity and casting time in vacuum casting are the main factors that affect the quality of products.
In the automatic control system of vacuum casting, the optimal craft parameters should be provided to the craft process according to the material information and product properties searched by the operator.
We can get the information and properties from ACCESS database.
Bubbles in reaction and craft parameters are the main factors that affect the final quality of vacuum casting products.

BASALT REINFORCED PLASTICS: SOME OPERATING PROPERTIES G.
Introduction Basalt fiber by a number of physical-mechanical characteristics exceeds a fibers "E" (glassy nonalkaline).
Naturally there are no data about technical properties of BRP.
Since presence or absence of mechanical field of forces effects significantly on the intensity of the variation of the properties of BRP, affected by corrosive media, these two cases we shall consider individually.
Calculations, carried out for the purpose of the use of the method of multiply of the coefficients, considering separately an effect of aggressive media and temporal factors on an ultimate strength of BRP, have shown that this method in this instance is unsuitable.

The result shows that the optimized ladder structure has smaller stress and smaller displacement, the mechanical properties are better.
Considering the complexity of the practical ladder structure, there are some simplifications about the model: (1) Omitting the less important components which are not made for ensuring the intensity and stiffness. (2) Without considering the material properties change of weld. (3) Assume the chassis of ladder structure is fixed link. (4) The working platform is equivalent into the ladder structure.
Ladder in work, mainly suffer the structure weight, platform weight and working load (assume the ladder works under ideal condition, not affected by wind).
Such optimization not only improves the whole mechanical properties between the adjacent beams, but also reduces the risk of missing steps by firefighters.
References [1] Li Jinxue, The inspection and maintenance of ladder truck, Special Vehicle, 2002.04 41 43 [2] Zhu Guoqi, An improve proposal about ladder truck which based on the Human Factors Engineering, Ergonomics, 2011.09 49 53 [3] Tang Shanqing, The finite element analysis of ladder truck structure, Products and Technology, 2008.08 87 90