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Online since: June 2014
Authors: Shao Hua Li, Ying Ying Zhao, Jun Qing Yang, Guo Yan Zhang, Ju Rui Qi
Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) experiments were performed using an Autolab potentiostat, connected to a PC microcomputer for potential control and data acquisition.
A pair of well-defined redox peaks is observed with oxidation at -0.044 V and reduction at +0.021 V at the MWCNTs-modified GCE (cyclic voltammogram a).
This is owing to the oxidation/reduction of some functional groups on the surface of MWCNTs [7].
At the same experimental conditions, two redox peaks for HQ at bare GC electrode were observed with oxidation at 0.160 V and reduction at 0.210 V.
At the same time, the reduction peak potential shifted negatively with increasing scan rate and oxidation peak potentials shifted positively.
A pair of well-defined redox peaks is observed with oxidation at -0.044 V and reduction at +0.021 V at the MWCNTs-modified GCE (cyclic voltammogram a).
This is owing to the oxidation/reduction of some functional groups on the surface of MWCNTs [7].
At the same experimental conditions, two redox peaks for HQ at bare GC electrode were observed with oxidation at 0.160 V and reduction at 0.210 V.
At the same time, the reduction peak potential shifted negatively with increasing scan rate and oxidation peak potentials shifted positively.
Online since: September 2018
Authors: Michelle Félix de Andrade, Gelsoneide da Silva Gois, Sônia Maria da Silva Garcia, Ivo Diego Lima da Silva, Viviane Fonseca Caetano, Yêda Medeiros Bastos de Almeida, Tomás Jeferson Alves de Melo, Glória Maria Vinhas
The data of the mechanical test were analyzed through the study of variance (ANOVA) using the Statistic software version 10.0.228.8.
The compositions with 10 and 15% of oil there suffered a reduction in the amount of Tc, the addition of limonene favors the increase in mobility of polymer chains, which indicates the formation of plasticizing effect on the polymer, favoring, thus, a decrease in the value of Tc, besides a reduction in the degree of crystallinity [8].
According to the observed values for the specific deformation, there was a reduction in its values at all concentrations.
This behavior is best observed with 10% oil, indicating that this percentage favored larger structural discontinuities and a significant reduction in its deformation.
There was a reduction, however, in fracture stress with increasing oil content and the oil decreased the deformation of the films at all concentrations.
The compositions with 10 and 15% of oil there suffered a reduction in the amount of Tc, the addition of limonene favors the increase in mobility of polymer chains, which indicates the formation of plasticizing effect on the polymer, favoring, thus, a decrease in the value of Tc, besides a reduction in the degree of crystallinity [8].
According to the observed values for the specific deformation, there was a reduction in its values at all concentrations.
This behavior is best observed with 10% oil, indicating that this percentage favored larger structural discontinuities and a significant reduction in its deformation.
There was a reduction, however, in fracture stress with increasing oil content and the oil decreased the deformation of the films at all concentrations.
Online since: March 2025
Authors: Gaurav Kumar, Sudarsan Ghosh, Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao
Previous research is focused on depositing MoS2-based solid lubricant by Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) on microstructures and such tools exhibited a 25-44 % reduction in cutting forces while machining hardened steel [9].
A 4-component rotary type 9170A dynamometer (Make: Kistler) measures cutting forces and 3 trials per experiment is conducted to ensure the repeatability of the data.
This significant reduction in cutting temperature is due to the smooth flow of the chips over the rake face and adequate lubrication at the machining zone.
This is a significant reduction due to the collective optimized combination of lower cutting forces, lower friction, retention of the sharpness of cutting tool edge, and smooth evacuation of the cutting chips.
· There is a 75.1% reduction in the flank wear of the textured cutting tool compared with the non-textured tool, and the primary wear mechanism observed in the non-textured tool is abrasion, fracturing, and adhesion
A 4-component rotary type 9170A dynamometer (Make: Kistler) measures cutting forces and 3 trials per experiment is conducted to ensure the repeatability of the data.
This significant reduction in cutting temperature is due to the smooth flow of the chips over the rake face and adequate lubrication at the machining zone.
This is a significant reduction due to the collective optimized combination of lower cutting forces, lower friction, retention of the sharpness of cutting tool edge, and smooth evacuation of the cutting chips.
· There is a 75.1% reduction in the flank wear of the textured cutting tool compared with the non-textured tool, and the primary wear mechanism observed in the non-textured tool is abrasion, fracturing, and adhesion
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Zhi Yuan Xun, Tai Zhao, Ning Cao
The data in the official website of “China Statistical Yearbook -2012” show that the GDP has reached to 47.28816 trillion Yuan in year 2011, of which the construction industry has been up to 3.19427 trillion Yuan, accounting for 6.76 percent of the annual GDP; The total energy consumption of the society is 3,249,391,500 tons of standard coal, including 62.263 million tons of standard coal consumed in the construction industry.
The feedback loop showing: the increase in new traded land area will increase the new construction area of land, so as to reduce the stock of land area, reduction of the stock of land area makes available land area reduced, thereby reducing the annual land transfer area, the land vacant area decreases, eventually leading to the reduction of new traded land area.
Through data analysis on the "China Real Estate Statistics Yearbook", "China fixed asset investment Statistics Yearbook", "Shandong Province Statistical Yearbook", “Qingdao Statistical Yearbook” etc., integration of the information published by the local housing management departments as well as urban planning departments and Land Resource Bureau, simulation predicted through VENSIM software on three basic situation of Qingdao green building, the demand for green building, green building supply and price simulation results (shown in Table 1) are obtained.
Through repeated export of the indicators, and to be compared with the corresponding history data, eventually control relative error of all variables within a range of 5%, which shows the simulation results of the model described herein is sufficient to make it through inspection.
Table 1 Green Building simulation results of Qingdao Year Influencing factors Supply (10,000m2) Demand (10,000m2) Price (Yuan) 2008 117.1 98.3 6627 2009 168.8 136.5 7483 2010 266.6 206.1 9356 2011 279.4 246.4 10878 2012 261.8 290.6 10420 2013 310.4 320.3 11202 2014 327.6 312.1 11405 2015 423.2 364.4 11809 Analysis of Simulation Results Simulation data was plotted as the curve shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, which shows the analysis on trend of influence factors.
The feedback loop showing: the increase in new traded land area will increase the new construction area of land, so as to reduce the stock of land area, reduction of the stock of land area makes available land area reduced, thereby reducing the annual land transfer area, the land vacant area decreases, eventually leading to the reduction of new traded land area.
Through data analysis on the "China Real Estate Statistics Yearbook", "China fixed asset investment Statistics Yearbook", "Shandong Province Statistical Yearbook", “Qingdao Statistical Yearbook” etc., integration of the information published by the local housing management departments as well as urban planning departments and Land Resource Bureau, simulation predicted through VENSIM software on three basic situation of Qingdao green building, the demand for green building, green building supply and price simulation results (shown in Table 1) are obtained.
Through repeated export of the indicators, and to be compared with the corresponding history data, eventually control relative error of all variables within a range of 5%, which shows the simulation results of the model described herein is sufficient to make it through inspection.
Table 1 Green Building simulation results of Qingdao Year Influencing factors Supply (10,000m2) Demand (10,000m2) Price (Yuan) 2008 117.1 98.3 6627 2009 168.8 136.5 7483 2010 266.6 206.1 9356 2011 279.4 246.4 10878 2012 261.8 290.6 10420 2013 310.4 320.3 11202 2014 327.6 312.1 11405 2015 423.2 364.4 11809 Analysis of Simulation Results Simulation data was plotted as the curve shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, which shows the analysis on trend of influence factors.
Online since: June 2019
Authors: Urs A. Peuker
The particle size data also was used to calculate the specific surface.
The data is normalized to the individual compressive strength of the mortar produced with standard cement CEM I).
The finer the slag is, the closer the curve comes to the data of the standard CEM I system.
Bringing all comminution data together, it can be stated that the specific surface of the slag system determines the mechanical properties of the final mortar system (Fig. 5).
Bringing together the data sets of different processing machines and concepts, they all follow the breaking law of the slag system.
The data is normalized to the individual compressive strength of the mortar produced with standard cement CEM I).
The finer the slag is, the closer the curve comes to the data of the standard CEM I system.
Bringing all comminution data together, it can be stated that the specific surface of the slag system determines the mechanical properties of the final mortar system (Fig. 5).
Bringing together the data sets of different processing machines and concepts, they all follow the breaking law of the slag system.
Online since: January 2022
Authors: Duong Thanh Qui, Evgenij Korolev, Alexandr Sergeevich Inozemtcev
For compositions with a dispersion of fewer than 200 microns and 200 ... 500 microns the reduction of horizontal deformations was 20 and 17 %, respectively.
It will contribute to the reduction of shrinkage deformations and obtaining a composite with high-performance properties.
In this case, the approximation of the results of the experimental data shows a linearly increasing nature of the change both in the flexural and compressive strength.
To analyze the obtained experimental data, we will carry out a factor analysis to identify the patterns of influence of the parameters of the structure on its quality.
For the obtained experimental and calculated data, correlation dependences for crystals of hydration products were constructed: "strength - dislocation density" (Fig. 5).
It will contribute to the reduction of shrinkage deformations and obtaining a composite with high-performance properties.
In this case, the approximation of the results of the experimental data shows a linearly increasing nature of the change both in the flexural and compressive strength.
To analyze the obtained experimental data, we will carry out a factor analysis to identify the patterns of influence of the parameters of the structure on its quality.
For the obtained experimental and calculated data, correlation dependences for crystals of hydration products were constructed: "strength - dislocation density" (Fig. 5).
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Wei Dong Liu, Su Nan Cong, Hong Jun Gu, Zhen Rong Nie
Table3 The minimum interfacial tension of reverse wetting agent with crude oil
chemical
minimum interfacial tension between crude oil and solution of different concentrations(10-2mN.m-1)
0.1%
0.2%
0.3%
0.4%
0.5%
RS-1
0.4
0.2
0.5
0.6
1.2
RS-2
4.5
1.4
1.8
2.3
5.6
RS-3
6.3
6.4
9.7
11.0
1.4
oil wettability displacement agent
/
/
/
/
/
mahogany sulfonate
/
/
/
/
/
Table4 The equilibrium interfacial tension of reverse wetting agent with crude oil
chemical
balance interfacial tension between crude oil and solution of different concentrations(10-2mN.m-1)
0.1%
0.2%
0.3%
0.4%
0.5%
RS-1
12.4
11.5
9.3
1.1
12.7
RS-2
25.2
18.6
18.0
17.6
25.1
RS-3
21.2
20.3
20.0
18.8
23.1
oil wettability displacement agent
/
/
/
/
/
mahogany sulfonate
/
/
/
/
/
2.3 Reverse wetting agent’s effect to permeability suck
We use cores from fifth factory in daqing oil field to do the experiment of spontaneous permeability suck, 2 pieces of cores’ data, porosity and permeability is listed in the table 5, spontaneous
Table5 The parameters of two natural cores sample number Length (cm) diameter (cm) porosity (%) air permeability (mD) 6 7.2 2.48 13.21 0.46 10 8.7 2.48 13.07 0.42 Figure.1 The oil recovery curve in the course of imbibition’s displacement Analyzed the experimental data of recovery degree in different permeability suck conditions in figure 1, differences of recovery degree happened in the middle and later stage which means af 4 hours later.
There are data of water phase’s relative permeability that water flooding to residual oil’s saturation in table 6, the data are compared with data of water phase’s relative permeability that reverse wetting agent flooding to residual oil’s saturation.
Compared reverse wetting agent flooding to water flooding, reverse wetting agent flooding make core’s injection pressure’s reduction be 17.41%.
Reduction of injection pressure decrease cost of water injection in oil field.
Table5 The parameters of two natural cores sample number Length (cm) diameter (cm) porosity (%) air permeability (mD) 6 7.2 2.48 13.21 0.46 10 8.7 2.48 13.07 0.42 Figure.1 The oil recovery curve in the course of imbibition’s displacement Analyzed the experimental data of recovery degree in different permeability suck conditions in figure 1, differences of recovery degree happened in the middle and later stage which means af 4 hours later.
There are data of water phase’s relative permeability that water flooding to residual oil’s saturation in table 6, the data are compared with data of water phase’s relative permeability that reverse wetting agent flooding to residual oil’s saturation.
Compared reverse wetting agent flooding to water flooding, reverse wetting agent flooding make core’s injection pressure’s reduction be 17.41%.
Reduction of injection pressure decrease cost of water injection in oil field.
Online since: February 2018
Authors: Munenobu Murasaka, Motoyuki Suzuki
Data are measured in weekly units.
In particular, it was confirmed that the reduction rate of the coefficient of static elasticity is large.
When charting, the data was stated at intervals of two weeks. ① was carried out using the laser rangefinder between the two points, and the other data was automatically measured by the data logger.
It can be confirmed that the slope of the approximate expression based on all data is "0.898", and the correlation with "R2 = 0.9349" is also very high.
However, in the specimens of No. 3 and No. 4 in which the static elastic modulus at the lower edge side is lowered (Both lower and upper edges are reduced to about 40% of No. 0), a significant energy reduction tendency of the P-δ curve could be confirmed.
In particular, it was confirmed that the reduction rate of the coefficient of static elasticity is large.
When charting, the data was stated at intervals of two weeks. ① was carried out using the laser rangefinder between the two points, and the other data was automatically measured by the data logger.
It can be confirmed that the slope of the approximate expression based on all data is "0.898", and the correlation with "R2 = 0.9349" is also very high.
However, in the specimens of No. 3 and No. 4 in which the static elastic modulus at the lower edge side is lowered (Both lower and upper edges are reduced to about 40% of No. 0), a significant energy reduction tendency of the P-δ curve could be confirmed.
Online since: October 2025
Authors: Tan Dao Duy, Trang Nakamoto, Kozo Taguchi
Overpotential and Tafel slope were obtained from the LSV data.
The LSV measurement data for the HER is presented in Fig. 3(a).
It can be seen that the data of NiCoFe-LDH@NCO/NF demonstrated superior HER performance, characterized by a higher current density and an earlier onset potential compared to the control samples of NF, NCO/NF, and NiCoFe-LDH/NF.
Fig. 5(a) shows the chronopotentiometry data indicating good stability of the catalyst after 12 h of continuous operation.
From the LSV data, the overpotential and Tafel slopes clearly demonstrate that NiCoFe-LDH@NCO/NF is a highly efficient catalyst for HER, outperforming the control samples.
The LSV measurement data for the HER is presented in Fig. 3(a).
It can be seen that the data of NiCoFe-LDH@NCO/NF demonstrated superior HER performance, characterized by a higher current density and an earlier onset potential compared to the control samples of NF, NCO/NF, and NiCoFe-LDH/NF.
Fig. 5(a) shows the chronopotentiometry data indicating good stability of the catalyst after 12 h of continuous operation.
From the LSV data, the overpotential and Tafel slopes clearly demonstrate that NiCoFe-LDH@NCO/NF is a highly efficient catalyst for HER, outperforming the control samples.
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Ghazal Sheikholeslami, Geoff Dearden, Mike J.W. Riley, Stuart P. Edwardson, Jonathan Griffiths
Research into intelligent predictive systems has hitherto focused on statistical and neural network techniques which use as their basis limited experimental data or simplified analytical models.
Regression analysis was conducted using experimental data and used to determine the mathematical relationship between process parameters and variation in bend angle, with irradiation path shown to have the greatest influence on bend angle.
Statistical regression based on experimental data was used to predict process parameters required for achieving maximum bending angle.
A radial basis function neural network utilizing experimental data was used as the basis for a single objective optimization of process parameters which were subsequently validated though experimentation, revealing an error of <3% in prediction.
Whilst utilizing experimental data, Maji et al. noted the potential for incorporation of numerical models; a concept which is of particular relevance to the current work.
Regression analysis was conducted using experimental data and used to determine the mathematical relationship between process parameters and variation in bend angle, with irradiation path shown to have the greatest influence on bend angle.
Statistical regression based on experimental data was used to predict process parameters required for achieving maximum bending angle.
A radial basis function neural network utilizing experimental data was used as the basis for a single objective optimization of process parameters which were subsequently validated though experimentation, revealing an error of <3% in prediction.
Whilst utilizing experimental data, Maji et al. noted the potential for incorporation of numerical models; a concept which is of particular relevance to the current work.