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Numerous researches have been done to try and optimize the process conditions of biodiesel production from various oils; Gemma et al. [4-6] studied the methanolysis of sunflower using factorial design and Central Composite Design (CCD) with temperature and initial catalyst concentration as the main factors affecting biodiesel purity and yield.
Park et al. [3] investigated biodiesel production from lard using response surface methodology (RSM) with temperature, catalyst concentration and molar ratio of methanol to oil as the main factors affecting the yield of biodiesel.
The factor levels were selected taking in to account, the properties of the materials to be used in real practical work (Table 1).
No Factors Known Factors <=3 Range Known No Yes Yes Find significant factors & interactions Find range by trials Do real expt with design suggested values Real experiment With DOE suggested combinations Survived Significant factors Curvature found?
Mounts, Variables affecting the yields of fatty esters from transesterified vegetable oils JAOCS. 61. (1984) 1638-1643 [13] Noureddini H.

The study on the mechanical properties of FRP bars after high temperature is not systematic and thorough at present, the shear's is even less.
This paper studies shear mechanical properties of glass fiber bars after high temperature, the results can be used in high temperature conditions to continue to carry out the mechanical behavior of FRP and members experimental research, the development of relevant procedures and fire-resistant design to determine the strength of glass fiber bars which can provide reference materials .
This experiment study t the parameters of emperature, diameter, burning vector to affect on shear performance of glass fiber bars, test phenomenon is recorded and he phenomenon of shear failure mechanism is analyzed.
Fiber-reinforced plastics composites—The generals for determination of properties (China 2005)
Guide rule of test for mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced plastics at elevated and reduced temperatures(China 2005)

There are many factors which favour the replacement of steel forging with austempered ductile iron [6].
DISCUSSION There has been considerable work carried out to determine the influence of austenitizing and austempering time and temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of austempered ductile iron suggest that there is still some degree of uncertainty as to the relationship between the heat treatment parameters and effect of mechanical properties [7-9].
It would be of considerable interest to determine whether the addition of copper and nickel is significant in affecting ductile iron properties.
The results are similar to the research conducted by Cheng-Hsun Hsu et al [10] who studied the mechanical properties of cobalt and nickel alloyed ductile irons.
Aranzabal et al , Influence of Amount and Morphology of Retained Austenite on Mechanical Properties of an Austemperd Ductile iron, Materials Science Technology [J]8 (1992) pp263-273 [9]P.P.

Despite its promising properties, AnNS remain relatively underexplored for TE applications.
Graphene and its derivatives have shown significant potential for TE applications due to their excellent transport properties and high-power factors.
In contrast, graphene, a two-dimensional material, is renowned for its exceptional electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and adaptive thermal properties, positioning it as a promising candidate for actively enhancing thermoelectric efficiency.
The optimized technique effectively separated the GNP layers without introducing significant defects, tears, or damage that could compromise their electrical or mechanical properties.
AFM micrograph of (a) GNPs and (b) AnNS 3.2 Morphology of composites GNPs were incorporated into the composites to improve electrical conductivity within the matrix, without adversely affecting the Seebeck coefficient.

They have been offered as an alternative to ordinary Portland cement, with 3D framework structures of silico-aluminate, for use in construction applications due to their excellent mechanical properties [1], and physical properties including high early strength and good thermal resistance [2-4].
The geopolymer microstructure has been shown to strongly affect the mechanical and thermophysical properties [7-9].
Table 5 Physical properties and compressive strength results.
Chaysuwan, Effect of Porosity and Pore Size on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Metakaolin Blended with Ca(OH)2 and PLA as Porous Geopolymers, Key Eng.
Kriven, J.S.J. van Deventer, Understanding the relationship between geopolymer composition, microstructure and mechanical properties, Colloids Surf.

Dynamic Simulation and Influencing Factors Analysis of Biofouling Wang Dacheng1a, Qian Caifu1b , Cao Shengxian2, Liu Yang2, Sun Jiawei2 1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of chemical Technoloty , Beijing 100029, China. 2.
The biofouling of tube was an important factor to influence fouling resistance by Fig.6.
Comprehensive Evaluation and Forecast of the Material Surface Properties Affect the Formation of Biofouling[J].
Research Progress of the Metal Nanomaterials Mechanical Properties [J].
Nanocrystalline electrodeposited Ni: microstructure and tensile properties [J].

The oxide layer that usually covers the surface of liquid aluminum and its alloys, is one of the main factors that hinders infiltration of these alloys into graphite particle compacts.
Introduction Materials with high strength, lightweight, and good thermal properties are required in some automotive components.
Fabrication of Al-C composites by liquid-metal routes are hindered by three well-known facts: i) gasification of carbon, that initiates below the melting temperature of pure aluminum, ii) reaction between Al and carbon to form aluminum carbide, an unstable compound with very poor mechanical and thermal properties, and, iii) poor wettability at the Al/C interface.
Properties for the graphite particles used in this work.
The infiltration rate, however, is scarcely affected.

Evaluation of injection molding screw performance by melt viscosity homogeneity Hongqiao Zhang 1, a, Chunling Xin1,b,Baorui Yan1,c, Yadong He 1,d* and Ying Liu1,e 1College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, BeiJing, P.R.China azhq198686@126.com, bxincl@mail.buct.edu.cn, cyanbr@mail.buct.edu.cn, d*heyd@mail.buct.edu.cn, e Liuying_jixie0404@163.com Key words: injection molding screw; melt viscosity homogeneity, performance evaluation Abstract Though theoretical analysis and experimental verification, a direct method that measuring melt pressure fluctuation at the nozzle to reflect melt viscosity fluctuation in injection molding process was developed.
Experiments for four injection molding screws and the analysis for the relationships between the melt viscosity homogeneity and screws configuration, melt temperature homogeneity, repeating weight precision and mechanical properties of the injection molding parts were conducted.
The melt temperature is the main factor.
With the volume settled, the density was the main factor which affected the product weight.

EFFECT OF ELASTIC DRIVING FORCE ON THE EVOLUTION OF MICROSTRUCTURES IN THE SECONDARY CREEP STAGE Katsushi Tanaka1, a, Wataro Hashimoto1,b, Toru Inoue1,c and Haruyuki Inui1,d 1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan ak.tanaka@materials.mbox.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp, bwataro-hashimoto@student.mbox.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp, cimouetoro@gmail.com, dharuyuki-inui@mtl.kyoto-u.ac.jp Key words: raft structure, creep, elastic properties, XRD.
The microstructural evolution without chemical composition changes is determined by the change in the total mechanical energy.
On the assumption, only Uint is affected by the morphology of the microstructure.
In other words, the internal energy is not affected by external stresses and/or strains [10].
(2) Since the lattice constants of the γ and γ’ phases have a similar value, the factor aγ / aγ' is closed to unity and we ignore the factor in the following calculations.

Many factors affect the braking characteristics of the magnetorheological disc brake.
This type of fluids can change their viscoelastic properties under the influence of external magnetic fields and refers to so-called semi-active “smart” materials.
This will affect the domain structures organization process in the braking chamber.
This is a negative factor that leads to the loss of useful energy of the magnetic field.
Further research is planned to investigate the properties of different materials in the brake chamber, as well as to improve the existing design of the braking device.