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Experimental results are also presented for FSW-US welding for pairs of materials such as aluminum alloys EN AW 5754 and EN AW 1200, respectively steel EN 10111 DD13.
The aim of the research was to design and build an ultrasonic system capable of integrating ultrasonic oscillations into the FSW system.
At present, internationally, the issue of welding some steels used in the automotive industry in combinations of pairs of similar materials, but also dissimilar (with aluminum alloys) is of interest.
The macroscopic appearance for this experiment Analyzing figure 8 it is observed that under the shoulder of the welding tool and under its action a darker area (A) was formed in which it is possible that intermetallic compounds or other compounds formed and due to excessive wear of the tool during the action of the tool on basic materials.
Puicea, “Pulsed LASER-(micro)TIG hybrid welding: Process characteristics”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 212(4), pg. 890-902; [3].

Friction welding is a promising candidate for joining single-core FGCs based on Al-2124/SiC(p) composite system since joints can be made rapidly; the heat affected zone (HAZ) is more narrow; the joining of the bulk FGCs having circular cross section is convenient; and intermetallic compounds are not easily produced, thus improving the welding properties [8].
The aim of this present study is to investigate the joining of single-core FGCs with radial graded core by rotary friction welding.
Kashiwaya: Journal of Ceramic Soc.
Spindler: Welding Journal Vol. 73 (3), (1994), p. 27 [9] O.T.
Ma: Journal of Materials Science 37 (2002), p. 4645 [11] C.B.

The main brake cylinder microstructure study indicated squeeze casting obviously refined aluminum alloy eutectic structure and primary phase, and could improve the morphology of the intermetallics alloy compounds.
Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys.2009, 29(12)1124~1127（In Chinese） [3] Fuqiang Ying, Xiaofeng Xing, Zhiguo Wan.
Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys.2010, 30(4)302~304（In Chinese） [4] Gerken G.
Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys. 2003, 218-221（In Chinese） [7] Sumei Li, Liqun Hou, Zhiwang Qi, etc.The Structure Part of Squeeze Casting Aluminum Alloy.
Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys. 2005, (z1), 172-173（In Chinese） [8] Jixiang Luo, Jianhua Hu, Linhai Liu,etc,Research and Application of Extrusion Casting Al-Alloy Piston Rods for Truck Air Compressors.

Most of the domestic investigations focused on ultra-low carbon steels used for deep drawing and ultra-deep drawing which need to add micro alloys such as Nb, Ti, RE, etc to gain stable second phase particles as hydrogen traps [1,2].
This study is aimed at the DC03EK cold-rolled enamel steel using MnS precipitates as hydrogen traps [3-10] without adding those other micro alloys.
Li, et al., Effect of MnS inclusions on hydrogen diffusion in steel, Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing. 29 (2007) 232-236
Tanabe, Hydrogen diffusion and trapping process around MnS precipitates in alpha Fe examined by tritium autoradiography, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 446 (2007) 655-659
Haut, et al., Hydrogen trapping on non metallic inclusions in Cr-Mo low alloy steels, Corrosion Science. 40 (1998) 1073-1086

There is a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of compounds.
The most crucial part of changing is the socket; studies have confirmed changing it and replacing it with natural biological compounds due to their availability and cheapness.
Compounds have many advantages over synthetic fibers such as fiberglass, carbon fiber, and Kevlar.
The standard pylon artificial is made of aluminum and titanium alloys for lightweight.
[96] Suhair Ghazi Hussein, Mohsin Abdullah Al-Shammari, Ayad M Takhakh and Muhannad Al-Waily, Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical and Vibration Properties for 6061 and 2024 Aluminum Alloys, Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Developments, 43, 1 (2020)

The aim of this work is to compare the influence of these two strategies on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of a Ti-64 alloy.
Because of the high chemical reactivity of titanium alloys with oxygen, the build chamber was filled with argon.
According to the TRC diagram [8], the equilibrium phases obtained are α and β phases. 1.3 Microstructure characterization and mechanical tests Examination of the microstructure occurred after grinding with SiC paper up to a fine 2400 grid size and then an electro-chemical polishing is carried out with the Struers A3 electro-class used for polishing titanium alloys.
Lauwers, "Selective laser melting of iron-based powder," Journals of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 149, pp. 616-622, 2004
Shi, "Effect of hot isostatic pressing procedure on performance of Ti6Al4V: Surface qualities, microstructure and mechanical properties," Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 686, pp. 55-63, 2016

The scale can either be Silica, Galena or other Sulphide compounds.
A few CRA (corrosion resistant alloys) in consideration are described in the following tables.
Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology, 28(1), 85-92
CORROSION OF IRON-BASE ALLOYS VERSUS ALTERNATE MATERIALS IN GEOTHERMAL BRINES (Interim Report-Period Ending October 1977) (No.
Corrosion in geothermal environment Part 2: Metals and alloys. 

The aim of this work is to improve the wettability of the liquid brazing alloy during the joining procedure in order to obtain a good anchorage to the porous CFC and hence a better component adhesion under thermal exposures.
The developing of the contact angle versus time is due to reactive wetting [11] meaning that new compounds formed at the wetting interface change the solid-liquid interfacial energy and therefore the contact angle.
Series, 2004, Chapter 2.3 [3] Selection of copper alloys, Materials Assessment Report, ITER EDA Doc.
Nicholas: Journal of Materials Science Vol. 8 (1973), p. 640-648 [9] F.
Deruyttere: Journal of Materials Science Vol. 22 (1987) p. 1-16 [10] J.

Influence on the Microstructure of Powder Metallurgical Metal Foam by Means of Mechanical Alloying Steve Siebeck1,a*, Maik Trautmann2,b, Jörg Hohlfeld1,c, Thomas Hipke1,d and Guntram Wagner2,e 1Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, Reichenhainer Straße 88, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany 2Chemnitz University of Technology, Professorship of Composites and Material Compounds, Erfenschlager Straße 73, 09125 Chemnitz, Germany asteve.siebeck@iwu.fraunhofer.de, bmaik.trautmann@mb.tu-chemnitz.de, cjoerg.hohlfeld@iwu.fraunhofer.de, dthomas.hipke@iwu.fraunhofer.de, eguntram.wagner@mb.tu-chemnitz.de Keywords: aluminum foam, mechanical alloying, high-energy ball milling Abstract.
In this first study, an alloy AA6060 has been used as the matrix material.
The aim of the work presented within this paper is the evaluation of a modified PM foaming process, which allows the reproducible production of a homogeneous foam structure with uniformly sized small pores.
The chemical composition (in weight-percent) of the alloy was 1.0% Mg, 0.5% Si, 0.5% and balance Al (AA6060).
Drew, Effect of TiH2 particle size distribution on aluminum foaming using the powder metallurgy method, Journal of Materials Science 47 (2012) 455–464

Our work’s aim is to calculate the forces and temperatures taking into account the milling parameters, namely the dynamic, geometrical and thermophysical parameters.
Guo, Analysis on energy transfer during mechanical coating and ball milling-Supported by electric power measurement in planetary ball mill, International Journal of Mineral Processing. 121 (2013) 51-58
Zulkiflia, Modeling of vial and ball motions for an effective mechanical milling process, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 209 (2009) 4312-4319
Salahinejad , A system dynamics model to estimate energy, temperature, and particle size in planetary ball milling, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 555 (2013) 108-111
Gaffet, A mathematical and experimental dynamical phase diagram for ball-milled Ni10Zr7 , Journal of Computational Physics. 209 (1994) 351-361