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However, bulk silica has a wide band gap of 8.9 eV and its band gap need to be narrowed in order to use it as photoanode materials.
Conclusions Dye Sensitized Solar Cells has been fabricated with fumed silica, synthesized nanosilica and titanium dioxide photoanode materials.
Ramakrishna, Controlled electron injection and transport at materials interfaces in dye sensitized solar cells, Materials Science and Engineering R: Reports 63 (2009) 81-99
Sipaut, Hibiscus flower extract as the natural dye sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cell, Journal of Physical Science (2013)
Kuang, Dye-sensitized solar cells based on a double layered TiO2 photoanode consisting of hierarchical nanowire arrays and nanoparticles with greatly improved photovoltaic performance, Journal of Materials Chemistry 22 (2012) 18057-18062

Usually, Titanium and Aluminium stacked materials are drilled before aircraft assembly and this poses a major challenge in machining due to the different machinability of materials.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 259:270-281, September 2018
Applied Sciences, 10:845, January 2020
Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2019
Modeling thread milling forces in mini-hole in dental metallic materials.

High material hardness and low fracture toughness decrease economy and application of end milling in brittle materials such as ceramics.
However, with the increased use of brittle porous materials in composite tooling applications end milling in combination with more machinable materials are increasingly being used to achieve higher material removal rates.
For many porous materials a spherical shape is acceptable.
Journal of Materials and Processing Technology 2001; 109(3): 229-235
Transactions of the ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 1996; 118(2): 216-224

Progress in Materials Science, 46(6), 559-632, 2001 [3] MG Rashed, M Ashraf, RAW Mines, PJ Hazell.
Biological Materials Science: Biological Materials, Bioinspired Materials, and Biomaterials.
Progress in Materials Science, 74, 332400, 2015 [9] OB Olurin, NA Fleck, MF Ashby.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, 291(1), 136-146, 2000 [10] EW Andrews, LJ Gibson.
Journal of Materials Science, 35(24), 6259-6266, 2000 [17] P Fratzl, HS Gupta, FD Fischer, O Kolednik.

Enhancement of explosion energy and mechanical strength of energetic material by aluminum fibre Liao Xue-yan1, a, Shi Fu-qiang1, b, Shen Zhao-wu2, c, Jiang Yao-gang1 ,Gong Zhi-gang1 1Sichuan Province Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Chengdu, 610045,China 2 Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026,China astagger@mail.ustc.edu.cn, bsfq@ swjtu.cn, czwshen@ustc.edu.cn Keywords: energetic material; mechanical strength; output energy; aluminum fibre explosive Abstract.
“Thermal Char- act erization of Passivated Nanometer Size Aluminum Powders,”, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 61, 2000, pp. 805-818
“Modeling spherical explosions with alum- inized energetic materials” Shock Waves.
Chinese journal of energetic materialpropellants.vol.22(1999)3: 29-31
Beijing: Science Press,1987

Load-Carrying Capacity Analysis for Sinusoidal Surfaces Hydrodynamic Bearing Jianxi Yang 1, a, Fayu Zhang 1,b Jianting Liu 1,c Jianfang Zhou 1,d 1 School of Mechatronics Engineering, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471003, P.R.
Compared with other journal bearings, the journal bearing with sinusoidal surfaces has stronger carrying capacity, smaller friction moment and longer life-span.
The result for surface harmonic characteristic journal bearing and general cylindrical journal bearing are shown in Tab.2.
The material for oil film bearing is generally Babbitt metal or copper.
Journal of Fudan University (Natural Science). 1998, 37 (5):583-594 [5] Zhang Chao, Zhang Zhiming.

Design and Analysis of a XY Micro-motion Stage Based on S Type Flexible Mechanism Yuemin Yu College of Science ,Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology,Harbin, 150022,China yuym2012@126.com Keywords: Micro-motion stage , Smart materials, Piezoelectric ceramic stack Abstract.
Piezoelectric materials is a kind of the most common smart materials whose geometric shape can be related to an energy input in the form of electric field.
Journal of Tianjin Vocational Technical Teachers' college, 41 (1), 1-5(2002) [3] Yu Yuemin, Ji Xiansheng Design and analysis of a micro-gripper based on smart materials [J].
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2005, 164(5): 1584-1589
Journal of Heilongjiang Institute of Science & Technology, Vols. 23(6):591-595 (2013)

Research of the Damage and Failure Processes of Composite Materials Based on Acoustic Emission Monitoring and Method of Digital Image Correlation V.
These methods allow to collect additional information about the processes which occur inside materials.
The combined use of the above methods for a comprehensive study of composite materials is considered in [1-5].
Evaluation of damage accumulation behavior and strength anisotropy of NITE SiC/SiC composites by acoustic emission, digital image correlation and electrical resistivity monitoring, Journal of nuclear materials. 455(1) (2014) 549-553
Acoustic emission analysis of industrial plywood materials exposed to destructive tensile load, Wood Science and Technology. 48(3) (2014) 611-631

Journal of the Franklin Institute, 2006, 343(4): 521-531
Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal, 2012: 1-23
International Journal of Production Economics, 2003, 86(1): 1-10
Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2012, 6: 016
Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2011, 47(001): 124-131.

Introduction Material Science plays a very important role in human history.
Therefore, the requirement of integration and sharing of computational resources and management of the material data is necessary for the researchers in material science.
The e-science platform is capable of providing the need for material scientists[1].
The safety evaluation for the pipe network of natural gas is a very typical application in material science.
Wu: Journal of Software.