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In this technology, an object is created layer by layer from heat-fusible solid fine powdered materials with heat generated from a CO2 laser [1].
Polymer powders were the first, and are still the most widely employed, materials in LS [3].
At present, PA12 based powdered materials known as PA2200, supplied by EOS GmbH used to create functional plastic prototypes.
[5] D T Pham, K D Dotchev, WAY Yusoff, Deterioration of polyamide power properties in the laser sintering process, Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science IMeche, Part C, Vol.222.no.11, pp2163-2176, 2008
[6] WAY Yusoff , D T Pham, K Dotchev, Investigation of the thermal properties of different grades Polyamide 12 (PA12) in improving laser sintering process (SLS), Achievements in Engineering Sciences: Applied Mechanics and Materials Journal, Vols. 548-549 (2014) (AMM, ISSN: 1660-9336) [7] K D Dotchev, WAY Yusoff, Recycling polyamide 12 based powders in the laser sintering process, Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol.15,Issue:3,pp.192-203, 2009

These techniques are well-suited for materials with high viscosity.
Both are wellsuited for dispensing highviscosity materials under controlled flow conditions.
Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges.
Journal of translational medicine. 2016;14(1):271
Materials. 2020;13(19):4237.

Experimental Materials.
Chemistry of Materials, 2007. 19(3): p. 393-401
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2008. 108(2): p. 705-712
Journal of Functional Materials, 2013. 5: p. 740-743
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2012. 125(5): p. 3552-3559

Materials and Methods 2.1.
Halite (NaCl) is a major decay factor of archaeological building materials in Egypt.
M., Mazzoleni, P., Pezzino, A., Application of protective products to ‘‘Noto’’ calcarenite (south-eastern Sicily): a case study for the conservation of stone materials, Environmental Earth Sciences, 62, (2011), 1263-1272
G., and Hameed, B.H., Parameters affecting the photocatalytic degradation of dyes using TiO2-based photocatalysts: A review, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 170, (2009), 520-529
M., Impact of air pollutants on some building materials in Cairo atmosphere, Material Science & Engineering International Journal, 5 (2), (2021), 49-58

Dongare: Materials Chemistry and Physics 85 (2004), p.52 [2] M.
Kim: Materials Letters 57 (2002), p.355 [5] E.M.El-Maghraby, Y.
Damchan: Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology 32(4) (2010), p.413 [8] S.
Yi: Journal of Materials Science 40 (2005), p. 5407 [16] S.Y.
Jeong: Journal of Materials Science 38 (2003), p. 2143 [17] S.Y.

This paper use two parameters, namely, the initial fracture strain,, and the damage state variable,, to describe the fracture problem of materials.
Lechler: submitted to Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2006. 177(1-3): p. 452-455
Oldenburg: submitted to Journal of Materials Processing Technology (2006) [3] M.
Molinari: submitted to Materials Science and Engineering (2008)
Stoehr: submitted to International Journal of Material Forming (2009)

Fig. 8 The Graph showing the relationship between Actual Vs Theoretical in Aluminum product Fig. 9 The Graph showing the relationship between Actual Vs Theoretical in Mild Steel product Fig. 10 The Graph showing the relationship between Mild Steel and Aluminum References [1] Daw-Kwei Leu, Chung-Ming Hsieh, The influence of coining force on spring back reduction in V-die bending process, journal of materials processing technology 196 (2008) 230–235
Zimniak, The system for sheet metal forming design of complex parts, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 157–158 (2004) [3] J.
Zimniak, The system for sheet metal forming design of complex parts, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 157 – 158 (2004) [4] W.M.
Rao, Influence of material properties on sheet metal formability limits, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 48 (1995) 35-41
Gorji, The study of spring-back of CK67 steel sheet in V-die and U-die bending processes, Materials and Design 30 (2009) 2410–2419.

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a non-conventional manufacturing process of removing materials.
The uniqueness of EDM process is the removal of the unwanted materials without direct contact between the electrode and workpiece.
Introduction Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a non-conventional manufacturing process of removing materials [1].
Skoric, Influence of discharge energy on machining characteristics in EDM, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, vol. 26, pp. 173-179, (2012) [6] T.
Bhardwaj, Review to EDM by Using Water and Powder-Mixed Dielectric Fluid, Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, vol. 10, pp. 199-230, (2011) [11] H.

Methodology Materials Commercial solid sugar was obtained from local store.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 291 (2005) 7-12
Materials Letters. 63 (2009) 2564 - 2566
International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering 7 (2013) 1027 - 1033
Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports 70 (2010) 1-28

Fig.3 The FEM model For there are material nonlinearity, geometric nonlinearity and boundary conditions' nonlinear ,it has made some following settings:the dies are deemed as rigid body,and the shafts are deemed as plastic body,choose steel of 42CrMo2 as material,and the frictions between shafts and the dies are shear frictions,the temperature of the rolling is set as 1050°.
Acknowledgement The project was supported by following funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51475247) .
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