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So, coiling temperature had little influence on as-rolled ferrite grain size.
The reason is analyzed as follow: coiling temperature is much lower than γ-α phase-transition temperature and has no significant impact on the grain growth after phase transition.
Therefore, coiling temperature cannot significantly influence as-rolled ferrite grain size [3-5].
In addition, in terms of the coiling temperature at which each type of microalloyed Nb steel was fully precipitated, that is, 600 ℃ for microalloyed steel containing 0.023% Nb and 650 ℃ for microalloyed steel containing 0.036% Nb, precipitation particles of the latter were far more than the former in absolute number.
In addition, under the process conditions that ensure the complete precipitation of particles, higher Nb content can lead to more precipitation particles in absolute number.

Mechanical factor is a removal machining with the polishing grain within slurry.
Mechanical factors are associated with polishing pad, polishing grain and physical correlation on the wafer surface.
A case of lapping has mainly been known as material removal is determined by compressing, scratch of polishing grain.
In Taguchi method, orthogonal arrays have been developed to accomplish experiment designs with a number of arrays.
In Taguchi method, orthogonal arrays have been developed to accomplish experiment designs with a number of arrays.

A number of papers which discuss the economic efficiency and industrial structure adjustment by using the traditional DEA model is more, however, the papers which are using the generalized DEA model is also very rare.
Based on the object which is about the county economy development and structural adjustment in the process of China’s urbanization, we select seven typical indicators to comprehensively evaluate the economic efficiency of a county, including total investment in fixed assets, the total number of employees, sown area of grain crops, gross domestic products, gross product of primary industry, total output of the secondary industry, output value of tertiary industry.
Supposed that there are regions, and the vector () is the value of total investment in fixed assets, the total number of employees, sown area of grain crops, gross domestic products, gross product of primary industry, total output of the secondary industry, output value of tertiary industry in the region in the year .
It can be seen from Figure 3 that the improvement room of the rate of grain production is increasing.
By 2009, grain production rate is in the effective state, then the improvement room is appearing with a little extent.

NASA manufactured a three pulse motor, length 6604mm,used end face burning grain.
Locke Schick company developed a four pulse motor with four grains and four ignition devices.
Fig.4 Double pulse motor with radial direction soft PSD Research on domestic Pulse motor From the ninth five-year plan, china began to study the pulse motor, especially in recent years, traction in the background model, number of major demonstration trials were successful.China has achieved a major breakthrough in key technologies,been ready for application of engineering[7].
Chunguang Wang,Demin Yang,Hongchao Liu,et al in the 41st Institute have applied the soft PSD to one model double pulse motor, conducted a number of pre-test and heat-cold opening test, and successfully conducted a lot of combined ground tests, summarized methods of calculation and design for soft PSD, taken the lead in the domestic engineering applications of pulse motor with soft PSD.
Their pulse numbers and structure are more advantage than our country.

The magnetic abrasive grains are joined to each other magnetically between magnetic poles N & S along the lines of magnetic force, forming flexible magnetic abrasive brushes.
Ra value of the final surface finish increases as the abrasive grain diameter‘d’ increases.
Small diameter abrasive grains produce better surface finish.
Some of the abrasive particles fall down in the collecting tray due to very less number of ferromagnetic particles in their neighborhood.
It is so because the number of grains coming in contact with the workpiece increases which result in increased ∆Ra.

Metallographic parameters of the grain size.
Parameter symbol unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 grain size area of flat section A [µm2] 2246 968 3403 1536 6037 1250 number of grain per unit area NA [mm-2] 264 606 189 351 104 447 relative area of grain boundary SV [µm2/µm3] 0.051 0.085 0.045 0.061 0.032 0.076 heterogeneity of the grain size variation coefficient A ν(A) % 117.0 117.0 72.1 120.0 87.8 97.3 variation coefficient NA ν(NA) % 12.70 25.80 9.26 14.30 9.52 12.80 grain shape shape factor ξ - 0.642 0.544 0.640 0.659 0.660 0.605 elongation factor δ - 1.71 1.75 1.57 1.61 1.65 1.64 heterogeneity of the grain shape variation coefficient ξ ν(ξ) % 21.7 32.0 20.1 34.0 19.3 27.3 variation coefficient δ ν(δ) % 34.1 34.0 28.3 37.6 30.2 27.9 Solidification curves.
The conducted study indicates that high cooling speed, optimal from the perspective of mechanical features (fine grain), may contribute to unacceptable porosity.
The speed of heat removal inside the mould affects the refinement of the grain – higher speed of the heat removal makes the grain smaller. 5.
One should note that feeders as well as cooler that are 40mm thick are characterized by the size of the grain, which is twice as small.

The nature of the regularities of the influence of the consumption of composite binder on the deformative properties of fine-grained concrete is established.
The principles of controlling the structure formation of fine-grained concrete are developed taking into account the morphology and roughness of sand grains.
It is established that the shape of the grains and the degree of their roughness largely depend on the genesis, mineral composition and size of the sands.
The shape of sand grains is determined by a number of factors: structural and texture features and the primary form of the minerals of the parent rock, the abrasive resistance of these minerals, the degree of influence of diagenetic and epigenetic processes (Fig. 2).
The solution of the problem of optimizing the quality of fine aggregate from technogenic sands for fine-grained concrete at the present level of materials science should be based on determining the role of at least three main factors: grain size distribution, grain morphology, surface morphology (roughness); Naturally, taking into account mineralogical-petrographic composition and typomorphic features of rock-forming minerals and technogenic raw materials as a whole.

The grain size is about 30nm.
And the grain boundary is clear.
It can produce the different oxygen adsorption in the process of film, and cause the accumulation of miscellaneous grain boundaries of different quality, and affect the grain size and orientation.
For TCO thin films, grain boundary scattering isn’t main scattering mechanism, and it may be neglected.
Because the wavelength is greater than the intrinsic absorption limit (360nm), the electromagnetic wave absorption coefficient of ZAO thin films decrease rapidly, most of the energy of visible light can be transmitted, only a very small number of energy is reflected and absorbed.

Each grain possessed the same crystallographic relation but differed in rotation about the growth axis.
The white phase located in the vicinity of the grain boundaries and rarely observed in the center of each grain.
There is a number of equations describing creep strain vs time in published reports, and Garfalo’s and Li’s equations are the two most frequently applied to describe the primary creep behavior.
Conversely, when ternary creep is associated with microstructure changes, no matter grain growth or over-aging, large the values of tf/tt have been obtained.
The dislocation motion was structured by the second phase particulates (α-Cr(Mo) and rich-Hf phases, which precipitated in the NiAl matrix phase ) within the grains dominates(Fig. 5(a)).

Despite a number of investigations on microstructures and mechanical properties for Mg-Li based alloys [4-9], however, there is little information available on their damping properties to date.
The recrystallized morphology of α grains in this alloy may well be originated from dynamic recrystallization during the hot rolling.
Within the α grains, some twins with lenticular shape are clearly observed, and the grain size of α phase increases remarkably with an increase in annealing temperature.
The Mg-8%Li alloy exhibits dual phase structure of β grains surrounded by α matrix, as given in Fig. 2.
The α grains become larger with the increase in annealing temperature, while the grain size of β phase and its volume fraction mostly maintain their initial values.