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They solidify in columnar structure with large grain size which normally affects their mechanical behavior and surface quality.
In this paper, the effect of addition of Ti on the mechanical properties, ductility and wear resistance of commercially pure aluminum is investigated.
Aluminum and its alloys are the second material in use due to their attractive and useful properties e.g. their high strength-to-weight ratio, thermal and electrical conductivities, resistance to corrosion.
Person : Factors Affecting the Grain Refinement of Aluminum Using Titanium and Boron Additives, Met.
[7] G.P.Jones, J., Pearson: Factors Affecting the Grain Refinement of Aluminum Using Titanium and Boron Additives, met.

A Failure Criterion for Cracked Rock Mass under Seepage Pressure and Confining Pressure Biyong Li , Zheming Zhu *, Zhangtao Zhou College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065，China *corresponding author: zhemingzhu@hotmail.com Keywords: boundary collocation method; seepage pressure; friction; failure criterion Abstract: The existence of water affects the mechanical properties of cracked rock mass.
The liquid affects the mechanical properties of cracked rock mass, and consequently, they will affect the stability of underground structures.
For the oblique crack, the only SIF that appears at the crack tip is the Mode II factor KII, which can be written as
Conclusions The theoretical analysis and numerical calculations through the boundary collocation method show that seepage pressure affects the crack tip stress intensity factor significantly.
This new criterion is simpler than the traditional fracture criterion for which we have to calculate crack tip stress intensity factor.

Influence of Amount of Recycled Coarse Aggregate on Mechanical Properties of Steel Tube Columns Min HOU1, a, Lang LI1, b, Jiangfeng DONG1, c and Qingyuan WANG1, d 1School of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China amin_hou2012@163.com, blilangchina1@gmail.com, capiver@sohu.com, dwangqy@scu.edu.cn Keywords: Recycled Aggregate Concrete; Short Columns; Mechanical Properties; Steel Tubes Abstract.
Based on the studying of the physical and mechanical properties of recycled coarse aggregate, the mechanical property of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) with five concrete mixes with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% RCA respectively are prepared.
The researches have shown that the mechanical property of RAC is mainly affected by the physical and chemical properties of the recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), the replacement ratio of RCA and the mixture ratio of the concrete [4].
It is known that the load carrying capacity and ductility of CFST columns is influenced by many factors such as the column diameter, the thickness of the steel tube, the compressive strength of concrete, the yield strength of the steel tube and the steel ratio [10,11].
The basic physical and mechanical properties of the RCA were studied because the physical and chemical properties of the recycled aggregate have distinct influence on the ultimate bearing capacity of RAC.

Latest developments in nanosciences introduced a new generation of nano-sized materials possessing often remarkable mechanical and physical properties.
Nanosilica enabled an immense densification of the hydrated binder matrix, which in turn improved for instance the durability and mechanical properties.
Addition of nanosilica causes further densification of the binder matrix and thus enhancement of the mechanical properties.
As a result, the CNF acted as weak carbon inclusions which decreased the homogeneity of the binder matrix, increased the water uptake (one of the detrimental factors for frost durability of concretes) and worsened the mechanical properties.
Summary Incorporation of nanosized materials, in this case carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibres and nanosized silica has affected the mechanical and physical properties of Portland cement based mortars.

As other natural materials used in construction, Bamboo Guadua is affected by different factors that can modify its strength.
The moisture content change is one of the most important factors that may affect guadua mechanical properties.
Parallel tensile strength test was made following the procedures described in the NTC 5525 “Methods for testing the physical and mechanical properties of Guadua Angustifolia Kunth ", Chapter 12.
Methods for testing the physical and mechanical properties of Guadua Angustifolia Kunth.
Adjustment of the mechanical properties for timber by moisture content changes.

Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of the Intercritically Reheated Coarse Grained Heat Affected Zone (ICCGHAZ) of an API 5L X80 Pipeline Steel J.
The exact determination of welding parameters is necessary and besides the main variables such as heat input, the cooling time between 800 to 500oC (Dt800–500) can determine the microstructural transformation during welding therefore affecting the mechanical properties of the welded joint.
Table 1 list the chemical composition and mechanical properties (yield strength and ultimate tensile strength) for both steels.
Table 1- Chemical Composition in wt% and Mechanical Properties.
Not only the volume fraction and carbon content of the MA constituent can have an influence on the mechanical properties, but also its morphology.

The curves of each factor and lever affecting comprehensive properties were drew through the orthogonal design L9 (34) experiment.
The effect of each factor and level on the comprehensive properties is as Fig. 2.
Fig.2 The curves of each factor and lever affecting comprehensive properties We can know from Fig.2 when freeze temperature is -20 ° C; ammonia content is 0.1 ml; KGM content is 2g and HAPw content is 4.5g, the comprehensive property scores of the scaffolds reach the maximum.
The hydroxyapatite whiskers exist in the pore walls of the KGM alone and do not form any bond with KGM so the hydroxyapatite whiskers improve mechanical properties of the composite scaffolds unobviously.
The optimal preparation program of the scaffolds is determined as: KGM (2g), HAPw (4.5g), ammonia (0.1 ml) and the freeze temperature (-20 ° C) based on the orthogonal design L9 (34) experiment and the curves of each factor and lever affecting comprehensive properties.

Conclusions (1) The influence of moisture on the mechanical properties of rock is important.
(3) The influence of occurrence environment on mechanical properties of shale is important.
Study on rock mechanical properties of frozen wall ofmain shaft in Hujiahe CoalM ine[J].
Experimental study on the sandy mudstone mechanical properties of shaft sidewalls under the frozen conditions [J].
Influences of freezing-thawing cycles on physico - mechanical properties of rocks of embankment revetments in permafrost regions[J].

In the case of tensile test results, results for both specimens were very similar, and the obtained mechanical properties were of almost identical values.
Again, these mechanical properties corresponded to the expected range of values for the filler material, VAC 65.
The next stage involved determining of heat affected zone mechanical properties, based on hardness results.
Crack length vs. number of cycles curve (left) and stress intensity factors (right), model 5 HAZ Figure 7.
Kuki: An Evaluation of Mechanical Properties with the Hardness of Building Steel Structural Members for Reuse by NDT, Metals, Vol. 6, 2016

The Factors That Affect the Function of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Huiwen Liu 1 a, Xiaowei Feng 1 b , Fei Hu 1 c,Hua Zhu1d,Peng Xing1e 1 College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen ,China 333403; a email: Leon41004@126.com, b email: fxwfxy@163.com , c email: mfhufei@126.com , d email: zwchua@163.com,e email:woshixingpeng@163.com Keywords: dye-sensitized solar cell, function of solar cell, influence Abstract.
Fill factors are the important parameters of characterized solar cell’s output characteristics, besides, the bigger the fill factors are, the better it’s output performance will be.
Carbon electrode is of good absorption properties and low costs.
Optical properties of nano-structured dye-sensitized solar cells.
Synthesis and photocatalytic properties of layered HNbWO6/(Pt，Cd0.8Zn0.2S)nanocomposites[J].