Search results

In addition, tensile tests performed on impact-damaged specimens showed a reduction of only 15% in strength after a 20J impact.
According to manufacturer’s data the maximum strain which the glass fibre can endure is between 4-8%.
Failure was not found to occur in the pole region but this data shows that the glass fibres in the FML, even in non-failed regions cannot withstand strain greater than 8%.
Fig. 5 shows that the marginal data points for the FML specimens are between the major strain levels of 4-8%.
This agrees with the data provided by the manufacturers which provides a strain at failure for the glass fibres of 4-8%.

Heat recovery gives direct savings in terms of reduction of fuel consumption as well as indirect savings in reducing environmental impact [11].
Exergy has been calculated by using Equation (1): (1) Energy and Exergy Efficiencies of Processes The expression of energy (η) and exergy (ψ) efficiencies for the principle types of processes are considered in the present study based on the following definitions [13-15]: η = (2) ψ = (3) DATA COLLECTION Data has been collected from Pusat Tenega Malaysia (PTM).
In this study, the data has been collected for an annealing furnace from PTM in January, 2010.
Table 1 Data of an annealing furnace Substance Mass flow rate (kg/s) Temperature ( 0C) Air 0.165 25 Fuel 0.011 25 Hot Product 0.176 1250 Flue gas 0.176 390 ANALYTICAL APPROACHES This section describes about the method used to estimate the energy and exergy use, energy and exergy efficiencies, energy savings and cost benefit for an annealing furnace.
There is a rapid temperature reduction in this process and due to this reason exergy is destroyed rapidly.

System boundary and data.
Data of water input and effluent emission were collected from former published literatures (see Table 1) [13, 14].
Data of water input and effluent emission.
Results and discussion Based on the methodology and collected data, WFs of wool scouring and effluent treatment processes were calculated.
Regulating was the most efficient procedure in reducing WFres, grey through inner backflow to promote the reduction of CODCr.

The data then will help the designer to arrange the building orientation and determine which side can give the greatest advantages in reducing insulation (and the resulting air-conditioning load).
To get the accurate results, the data must be collected in frequently.
DSF systems give a lot of advantages include good acoustics, ideal thermal insulation and wind pressure effect reduction when compare to normal façade window [9].
A comparative analysis was done based on the secondary data collected from the buildings’ owners.
Data Analysis Buildings Description a) Building 1 ~ Securities Commission Malaysia This building is situated near to Pusat Sains Negara.

The performance of NaFePO4 as a cathode of battery materials can be increased by particle size reduction [8].
The TGA curve remained constant with the indication of no mass reduction up to 840°C.
The XRD data confirmed the presence of NaFePO4 phase in all samples.
As the same case with the samples heated in argon, the XRD data also confirmed the presence of maricite NaFePO4 as the main phase and Na3Fe2(PO4)3 as the secondary phase.
Some hkl-planes of NaFePO4 phase detected from the XRD data are (101);(210); (111); (220); (121); and (002).

Data was collected from 5 o to 120o (2θ), with the X’ Celerator in continuous mode giving data equivalent to a count time of 200 s and an interval of 0.0334 o2θ on a normal diffractometer.
The reduction in glass transition temperatures and dilatometric softening point could be related to the replacement/substitution of Ca+2 in (Di) by Na+ in (Jd).
This is in agreement with data reported by Abo-Mosallam et al. [5] on diopside-jadeite-fluorapatite system.
The prominent crystalline phase shown here is diopside as previously confirmed by XRD data.
This might explain the reduction of the thermal expansion coefficient of these two formulations (see above, Table 1).

Specifically, they were the 1995 land use data for China, the Globcover v2.2 and the definitions of China’s forest ecoregions (Fig. 1 and Table Ⅰ), respectively.
In which, the 1995 land use data, with a 250-m spatial resolution, were prepared by the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences), providing 30 land use classes.
For the 1995 land use data, forest (natural and man-made), open forest or woodland and other wooded land were grouped into one forest class.
Practically, no single scale or window size can be correct for all purposes, but the analysis at the smallest scale was believed to be feasible and to give out the fine data characteristics [14].
Santiago, “Forest fragmentation estimated from remotely sensed data: is comparison across scales possible,” Forest Science, vol. 51 (1), pp. 51-63, 2005

Based on the mathematical-statistical analysis of the obtained data the suitable predicting model was developed for determining the thickness of deposited zinc coating reflecting the technological conditions of the acid zinc plating process.
Compared with the references mentioned above, the contribution deals with the determination of the dependence of coating thickness on the factors-level changes and combinations based on the mathematical-statistical analysis experimentally obtained data.
Zinc cations react with electrons and a reduction occurs (Eq. 2).
The values of adjusted index of determination of the data variability for this model are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Adjusted index of determination of the data variability for chosen calculated model and regression coefficients of factors x[mm] 40,00 35,00 30,00 25,00 20,00 15,00 10,00 5,00 ADJ[%] 59,38 46,64 54,01 53,58 54,24 48,11 39,56 41,47 Abs[-] 16,03 16,89 14,22 15,09 15,00 14,26 14,91 15,30 Zn[g.l-1] 0,36 0,44 0,51 0,21 0,28 0,37 0,36 -0,02 (Zn[g.l-1])2 -0,67 -0,84 -0,33 -0,33 -0,39 -0,42 -0,17 -0,12 Cl-[g.l-1] 0,29 0,57 0,15 -0,18 0,00 -0,16 -0,42 -0,38 (Cl-[ g.l-1])2 0,26 0,16 0,33 -0,20 -0,23 0,02 0,08 0,07 H3BO3[g.l-1] -0,10 -0,25 0,12 0,18 -0,10 -0,24 -0,07 -0,11 (H3BO3[g.l-1])2 -0,52 -0,11 0,10 -0,05 0,01 0,25 -0,07 -0,04 U[V] 0,97 0,99 0,86 0,88 0,96 0,37 0,39 0,37 (U[V])2 0,06 -0,05 0,47 0,33 0,34 0,35 0,32 0,27 T[°C] 0,38 0,96 0,75 0,64 0,43 0,24 0,45 0,69 (T[°C])2 0,65 0,26 0,80 0,67 0,44 0,42 0,41 0,47 t[min] 2,25 2,13 2,04 1,95 1,77 1,61 1,49 1,40 (t[min])2 0,00 -0,57 0,14 -0,26 -0,05 0,12 -0,26 -0,36 The Pareto diagram of the factors significance (Fig. 2) for the quadratic

However, peak level of pure tones may be reduced by reflection effect, that may be Covered by broadband noise levels，which makes it quite difficult to acquire actual pure tones data.
In this condition a remedial method is to change microphone geometry (change the reflection path length) and measure it again, then we can get the data with obvious pure tones peak.
The dashed lines in the figure represent the noise data of several engines in actual measurement and the data has not been corrected.
So the author will continue to analyze other influence factors for error reduction in the further research.
Prediction of Flight Noise Level by Using Far Field Noise Data of the Engine in Static Testing[J].

The results of CFD agree well with experimental data.
Table 2 is the results of unsteady propeller forces using 2D unsteady method based on nominal velocity distribution of both CFD data and experimental data.
The unsteady thrust, torque, vertical force and horizontal bending moment agree well with corresponding experimental data, and there is a little bigger error on horizontal force and vertical bending moment.
As there is flow condition difference between CFD and experiment, this may cause error, the CFD results should be corrected before comparing to experimental data.
Mautner: An Optimization Method for the Reduction of Propeller Unsteady Forces (AIAA 26th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, 1988)