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There are three different backplate materials, marble-block, mild steel and aluminum which represent low, medium and high diffusivity respectively.
Zhang a, W.Y.Li a,n, Y.Feng b, J.L.Li a, Y.J.Chao, Improving mechanical properties of friction stir welded AA2024-T3 joints by using a composite backplate, Materials Science &EngineeringA598(2014)312–318 [4] P.
Upadhyay n, A.P.Reynolds, Effects of forge axis force and backing plate thermal diffusivity on FSW of AA6056, Materials Science & Engineering A 558 (2012) 394–402 [5] H.
Balasubramanian, Influences of tool pin profile and welding speed on the formation of friction stir processing zone in AA2219 aluminium alloy, journal of materials processing technology 2 0 0 ( 2 0 0 8 ) 163–175 [9] Hua-Bin Chen, Keng Yan, Tao Lin, Shan-Ben Chen, Cheng-Yu Jiang, Yong Zhao, The investigation of typical welding defects for 5456 aluminum alloy friction stir welds, Materials Science and Engineering A 433 (2006) 64–69 [10] Y.
Ikeda, Hall_/Petch relationship in friction stir welds of equal channel angular-pressed aluminium alloys, Materials Science and Engineering A354 (2003) 298-/305

A certain limiting factor of the given technology is the machinability of only electrically conductive materials [2].
Michna, Evaluation of prediction models of the microwire edm process of Inconel 718 using ANN and RSM methods, Materials 15 (2022) 8317
Behun, Selection of materials hydroxylapatite using the method of analysis of hierarchy, MM Science Journal, 6 (2023) 6472-6477
Jablonský, The influence of hydrogen concentration in natural gas on heat flows in a thermal aggregate, MM Science Journal, 12 (2022) 6162-6168
Kasim, Modeling and multi-response optimization on WEDM Ti6Al4V, Applied mechanics and materials 510 (2014) 123-129

Even though at high temperature, the adhesive shearing strength still stays above 0.6MPa, which is satisfied with the requirement of pavement materials for steel box girder bridge deck.
Master thesis of Changsha University of Science & Technology.(2005)
A New Study on Deck Surfacing Anti-slipping Materials for Steel-Box Girder Bridge[J].
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Sue, "Morphology and mechanical properties of blown films of a low‐density polyethylene/linear low‐density polyethylene blend," Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 507-518, 2002
Roslan et al., "Optimisation of shrinkage and strength on thick plate part using recycled LDPE materials," Materials, vol. 14, no. 7, p. 1795, 2021
Maspoch, "Effects of recycling on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene," Journal of materials science, vol. 36, pp. 2607-2613, 2001
Thongsang, "Rheology, morphology, and mechanical and thermal properties of recycled PVC pipes," Journal of applied polymer science, vol. 82, no. 10, pp. 2478-2486, 2001
Mantia, "Processing and mechanical properties of recycled PVC and of homopolymer blends with virgin PVC," Journal of applied polymer science, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 759-767, 1996

The experiment was a part of the project of The State Natural Science Foundation-Failure Criterion of Plain Concrete Under Multiaxial Fatigue Loading. 2 χ -test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test are employed to test the proposed model.
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As the results showed,when the fluidity decreases with the increase of resin dosage(water-based epoxy resin on the percentage of total materials), and the best resin dosage is 9.7% around.
Material.
Acknowledgement China Hunan provincial science and technology plan key project 2011wk2004; China natural science fundation project 21276028.
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A case study of champlain toll station [J]. journal of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 14(1987), p.732~738 [6] Ben-Akiva M, Lerman S r.

These materials consist of liquid crystal in which micron size droplets of polymer is dispersed.
Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Inventive Material Science Applications.
Journal of Materials Science 56.34 (2021): 18795-18836. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06489-7 [38] Mhatre, Manoj M., Anuja Katariya-Jain, and Rajendra R.
ACS Applied Polymer Materials (2021).
Journal of Materials Chemistry 5.12 (1995): 2063-2072. https://doi.org/10.1039/JM9950502063

For sheet metal working, this might include energy and materials recovery, minimum lubrication, and efficient tooling systems.
Thiede, CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology (2009), Vol. 1, pp. 221 229
Gao, Journal of Materials Processing Technology (2006), Vol. 173, pp. 213 – 222
Hein, Journal of Materials Processing Technology (2001), Vol. 115, pp. 49–54
Sekulic, Environmental Science & Technology (2009), Vol. 43 (5), pp. 1584-1590

Theoretically, continuous roll forming can be used to form the sheet with materials which can be manufactured by plastic working.
Acknowledgment The authors would like to thank, the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51605187, 51605188, 51575231 and 51375204), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2016M601382) and Jilin Provincial Science & Technology Department (20170520088JH).
International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture. 2010;50:214-8
Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2012;212:120-7
Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2014;214:1820-7

Fig. 1 Two layered cylindrical electrode consisting of graphite and copper electrodes and conventional graphite materials.
[2] S Kumar1,R Singh, T P Singh, and B L Sethi, “Comparison of material transfer in electrical discharge machining of AISI H13 die steel”, Journal Mechanical Engineering Science, JMES1227 © IMechE 2009, Vol. 223 Part C [3] Han-Ming Chow, Lieh-Dai Yang, Ching-Tien Lin, Yuan-Feng Chen,”The used of SiC powder in water as dielectric for micro-slit EDM machining”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2007
Henriques, “ Electrical discharge machining using simple and powder-mixed dielectric: The effect of the electrode area in the surface roughness and topography”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 200, 2008
[5] Xiaohai Li et al., "Research on surface modification Technique by EDM", Advanced Materials Research Vols. 154-155, 2011
[6] Yu-Lung Hwang, Chia-Lung Kuo, Shun-Fa Hwang, ‘The coating of TiC layer on the surface of nickel by electric discharge coating (EDC) with a multi-layer electrode”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 210, 2010