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The chemical structures were characterized from Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
The structures of the double bond of blocked water-borne polyurethane had been characterized, and the particle size and viscosity of the emulsion had also been investigated.
Dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA, 98%, Aladdin Chemistry Co.Ltd.) was dried under vacuum for 2h.
[3] Masakazu Hirose, Jianhui Zhou, Katsutoshi Nagai: The structure and properties of acrylic-polyurethane hybrid emulsions, Progress in Organic Coatings, Vol.38 (2000), p.27~34
Kadowaki, Jianhui Zhou: The structure and properties of core-shell type acrylic-polyurethane hybrid aqueous emulsions, Progress in Organic Coatings, Vol.31(1997), p.157~169.

Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles have platelet-like structure and approximately 20-40 nm in thicknesses.
All diffraction peaks in Figure 1 can be indexed as the hexagonal structure Mg(OH)2 (JCPDS file number 7-239) [11].
Conclusion The platelet-like structure MH nanoparticles were prepared in the magnesium acetate solution by hydration of the light-burned magnesia.
The particles are thin, platelet-shaped structure with 20-40 nm in thicknesses.
Shen, Basic inorganic chemistry, (Beijing: People's Education Press 1980), p. 661

Compared to the reference PVDF membrane, Mechanical strength of modified PVDF membrane is improved and the water flux increase triple due to the large number of micro-sized pore structure on the membrane surface.
Introduction Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) has been proved in comprehensive commercial applications due to the outstanding properties of mechanical, thermal or chemical stresses, Non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) and thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) are the most important method that has been widely used for producing commercial membrane. a certain amount of diluents is added into the membrane solution for TIPS process method and extracted though solvent after the structure formed to generate a large number of pores in PVDF membrane.
As for NIPS method, porogen such as polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, urea, hydroxypropyl cellulose, wood flour, salt and glucose used to prepare the membrane pores can be dissolved rapidly when the membrane solution is immersed into the coagulation bath.Water soluble porogen is not conducive to control membrane structure due to the dramatic loss property in a water coagulation bath，thus a kind of hydrophobic porogen is needed to prepare the hydrophobic porous membrane.
In order to investigate the microstructure and surface morphology of PVDF using zein as progen, surface structure of PVDF membranes are characterized though FE-SEM, as shown in Fig.4，a great number of pores are noted on the membranes of zein-3% and zein-5%, as a comparison, there is almost no pores on control PVDF membrane surface, these results are valid evidence for zein as porogen to prepare PVDF porous membrane, micron pores are fabricated on membrane surface by removing the zein porogen which are in favour of increasing the water flux of PVDF membrane, as shown in Fig.5, zein-5% shows the highest water flux as high as 370L/m2h that is triple of PVDF membrane.
A structural model for maize zein proteins. journal of biological chemistry, 1982, 257, 9984- 9990

Effect of Ge-nanoislands on the low-frequency noise in Si/SiOx/Ge structures N.P.
Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 17 Generala Naumova Str., 03164 Kyiv, Ukraine akudinavaleriya@isp.kiev.ua Keywords: low-frequency noise, Ge-nanocluster, oxidized silicon substrate, 1/f noise, mobility fluctuation model, number fluctuation model.
Experimental The structures investigated were produced as follows [5].
Results Figure 1 demonstrates the dependences I(V) measured for Si/SiOx structures with Ge-nanoclusters and for the reference Si/SiOx structures without Ge-nanoclusters.
I(V) dependences measured for the Si/SiOx structures with Ge-nanoclusters (curve 1) and for the Si/SiOx structures without Ge-nanoclusters (curve 2).

(a)Structure 1 (b)Structure 2 (c)Structure 3 (d)Structure 4 (e)Structure 5 (f)Structure 6 Fig.2 Casting nozzle The establishment of the control equations.
The flow process of the magnesium alloy melt is simulated in the different casting nozzle structures, based on the casting nozzle structure model.
According to the Fig. 4, the minimum speed outside the structure 2 casting nozzle is larger than the structure 4, but its maximum speed is less than the structure 4, and the fluid difference between the maximum and the minimum speed are 12.73%, 19.49% in structure 2 and 4, so the fluid velocity distribution obtained by the structure 2 position is more uniform.
According to the Fig. 5, the fluid speed of the structure 5 is larger than structure 2 range the casting nozzle center from 0mm to 200mm, but the fluid speed of the structure 5 is less than structure 2 range the casting nozzle center from 600mm to 745mm, and the fluid speed difference between the maximum and the minimum speed are 12.73%, 9.92% in structure 2 and 5.
Qiu, Aluminum metallurgical physical chemistry, Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers. 1985. 69-72.

Study on Water Absorption and Impact Properties of Vegetal Composites Material: Composite Structures Abdalla Abdal-hay1a, Do Yeon Jung1b, Kang Il Lee1c, G.T.Abdel-Jaber2d, Jae Kyoo Lim1e* 1Department of Mechanical Design, Advanced Wind Power System Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea. 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, South Valley University, Qena Faculty of Engineering.
The influence of alkali treatment on the surface morphology and structure of DPSp was investigated.
Surface Characterization and Moisture Absorption Measurement The SEM, JEOL JSM 820, is used to study the morphological and fracture structure of the composite.
Khamis, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52 (2004) 6522-6525

Tribological Performance of Ionic Liquids Bearing Hydroxyl Groups as Lubricants in the Aluminum-on-steel Contacts Xifeng Li1,2, Zonggang Mu1,2, a, Xiaoxuan Wang2, Shuxiang Zhang1, Yongmin Liang3 and Feng Zhou3,b 1 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P.R.
China. 2 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P.R.
The molecular structures of ionic liquids studied in the paper are shown in Fig. 1.
Taking [C3OHoim][PF6] (IL2) and LP308 into considerations, they have the same chemical structures except that the former possesses hydroxyl group attached to the terminal of the n-propyl side-chain at N-1 position of the cation.
The good tribological performance of the ionic liquids could be attributed to their unique dipolar structure.

The X-ray diffraction(XRD, Rigaku, HPC-2500) andscanning electron microscope (SEM, Hitachi, S-4700)were used to investigate the crystal structures andmicrostructures of synthesized Si NPs.
As shown in Fig. 2(a), for Si NPs without PH3 injection, a highly crystalline phase was observed, and all the peaks matched those of cubic structured Si (JCPDS #75-0589).
However, we must confirm whether the incorporated P substituted Si in crystal structure to enable doping effects.
Kortshagen, Plasma assisted synthesis of silicon nanocrystals for thin film solar cells, 19th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC) Vol. 20 (2009) p.619 [8] A.
Fridman, Plasma Chemistry, Cambridge University Press, New York( NY), USA, 2008, p. 13-14 and 215-216

Through physical or mechanical processing [9], biomass materials will be directly made into all kinds of products; by polymer chemical reaction, the use of biomass materials can prepare the material [10] which have different structure and chemical properties; a kind of biomass materials with another kind of biomass material or synthetic polymer materials can also prepare the new material which has better quality by the method of composite or blend [11]; In the presence of catalyst and hot [12], the biomass material transform into smaller molecular weight of chemical raw materials, this is more than ten years gradually arisen a kind of biomass material utilization way.
At 2983cm-1,absorption peak is stretching vibration of -CH2 and at 1700~1400cm-1 absorption peak is mainly C=C stretching vibration of benzene ring; at 1422cm-1of the straw map is Symmetrical bending vibration of C-H, in addition, the =C-H of straw also disappear in the residue, the residue structure may also changed.
The infrared analysis was carried out on the liquefaction residue, the absorption peak of residue at 3421cm-1 width, the absorption strength of peak is decreased, and this shows that in the process of liquefaction, hydroxy structure is changed. the 1039cm-1 has a strong absorption peak which is C-O of stretching vibration (cellulose and hemicellulose) contributions, the corn stalk and residue have once absorbed, the part of cellulose and hemicellulose is still no decomposed.
Contemporary polymer chemistry.
Polymer chemistry.

The dendritic structures tend to become larger with the increase of growth time.
From Fig.3, we can conclude that the temperature of the dendrite tip is the lowest.The temperatures at the regions second branches linking to each other are higher than the dendritic structure.
With the increase of the magnetic field intensity, the dendritic structures grow with large physical scale and small solute enrichment.
Quasicrystal structure of rapidly solidified Ti-Ni-based alloys. physical Review B 1988,37(14): 8484-8487
Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermo chemistry 2008; 32:268-294