Search results

The matrix of the outer zone, which was 12-15 mm thick, consisted of high-aluminium TiAl3 phase (Fig. 1b, table 1, point 5) on whose grain boundaries bright hi-silicon precipitates were present (Fig. 1b, table 1, point 4).
As the silicon content in the slurry increased, the titanium silicide coagulation on the hi-aluminium grain boundaries intensified.
It has been confirmed that both the number and the size of silicide precipitates rose (Fig 1c, table 1, point 6), which led to their coagulation and the formation of a continuous silicide zone in the coating deposited from the slurry containing 80 % Si (Fig. 1d, table 1, area 7).
In case of the slurries including a relatively low silicon content (5-20 wt. %) the outer zone silicides took the form of crystallites on the matrix grain boundaries, the matrix being comprised of TiAl3 phase.
It was made up of columnar grains of type Ti5Si3 silicides and hi-aluminium matrix, comprised of TiAl3 phase, which might contain silicon as well (the solubility of Si in this phase reached 13 % at.).

Compared to the uniform and fine microstructure of base metal, there were coarse grains near the fracture.
The acicular ferrite grew from the grain boundary to the grain inside, which was widmanstaten structure.
The grain size was 10-10.5.
According to the sampling analysis of inclusions, it can only be found a small number of inclusions in base material.
While there are sharp widmanstaten structure in coarse grain zone of welded fracture shown in Fig.2(b).

Al and V substitutions shows that the grain morphology are spherical in shape with non uniform size distribution.
The average grain size distribution was obtained to be less than 1 micron as shown in Fig. 4(b).
These impurities may be located at grain boundaries which affect the sinterability and morphology of LTP.
Inhomogeneity was also observed in the grain microstructure which lead to the occurrence of some pores.
The insert in the Fig. 4(c) indicates the atomic and weight percentage of all the various elements present in the samples with the exception of Li which can not be detected by EDX machine due the smaller size and lower atomic number.

The intermediate phase appears in the equiatomic NiTi alloys with increasing the number of thermal cycling, nickel rich NiTi alloys aged at an appropriate temperature, and in ternary NiTi alloys with an element added [8].
Granular structure can be observed in Fig. 1 and grain boundaries are shown well.
Intermetallic compounds with polygonal morphology are seen on the grains.
On the other hand, in Fig. 2, grain boundaries are not clear.
It is probable that the sharpness of grain boundaries in sample A is due to the accumulation of impurities in the grain boundaries.

Furthermore, due to an increasing focus on animal ethics, there has been an ongoing search for alternative in vitro methods which can contribute to reducing the number of animal experiments.
The material was cast, crushed and sieved to produce granules with a narrow range grain size of 355-400µm.
Immersion experiments of GB14, GB9 and GB9/25 particulates (grain size of 355-400µm) were performed for periods up to 15 weeks in order to extend the in vitro study over a time period which would be comparable to the implantation period in vivo.
However, the grain size of the particulates did hardly change over the 15 week immersion period.
This was in contrast to the in vivo findings, in which a considerable decrease of particle size was noted as well in Synchroton CT-Scan as in microscopic determination of the grain cut areas.

According to the results of analysis of variance to determine the significant of factors on discrete kernel number and damage rate[6].
Breakage rate calculation formula: Type: d said the percentage of each kernel damage and take off each test. w said the number of kernel damage.
The significant of regression equation and the significant of regression coefficients are tested,then test results are significant or very significant. 2.2 Test analysis （a）Zhengdan 958 （b）Beiqing210 Fig.4 The relationship between the moisture content and the discrete kernel number in different impact head 2.2.1 Effect of discrete kernel number （a）Zhengdan958 （b）Beiqing210 Fig.5The relationship between the moisture content and the kernel breakage rate in different impact head Figure 4 shows,the discrete kernel numbers of two varieties maize are reducing with the increase of moisture content when the moisture content in 10.2% ~ 13.2%.With the increase of moisture content, the discrete kernel numbers of Zhengdan 958 are increasing and the discrete kernel number of Beiqing 210 are reducing when the moisture content in 13.2% ~ 16.7%.This shows that the moisture content in this range is different between them.The discrete kernel numbers of
In the same conditions,the wedge impact head drop the number of discrete kernel is the most,the cone impact head times,and at least the three prismatic.And the number of the wedge impact head drop discrete kernel is much higher than the number of cone and three prism drop discrete kernel.This indicates that the wedge-shaped impact head threshing is better than the impact head of cone and three prism in the same conditions.The drop number of discrete kernel,Zhengdan 958 and Beiqing 210 in wedge impact head is the highest.It shows that the wedge impact head is conducive to threshing. 2.2.1 Effect of kernel breakage rate Figure 5 shows,the discrete kernel numbers of two varieties maize are increasing with the increase of moisture content when the moisture content in 10.2% ~ 13.2%.The discrete kernel numbers of two varieties maize are increasing with the reduce of moisture content when the moisture content in 13.2% ~ 16.7%.The discrete kernel numbers of two varieties maize are increasing
[3]Zhao Xuedu Ma Zhongsu,Sun Yonghai.Experimental study of the mechanical properties of grain maize [J]．Journal of jilin university of technology，1996，21(1)：60~65

An even finer grain size and particle distribution is achieved by applying a fast multi-stand tandem mill hot-rolling process.
Here recovery (i.e. re-structuring and annihilation of dislocations and subgrain coarsening) and - at sufficient high temperatures (e.g. > 200-300°C)- recrystallisation (i.e. grain boundaries moving through the deformed structure) softens the material and the latter generates a completely new grain structure and texture.
The effect of texture evolution is considered as changes in Taylor factor M for each grain in a polycrystalline material simulated by a Taylor-type model.
Depending on the rate of recovery and recrystallization and eventually a completely new grain structure and texture is formed.
As described above the new models allow the incremental coupling to the dislocation model (e.g. [22]) on the grain level delivering dislocation densities for each single grain as the stored energy input for the recrystallisation process and texture simulations.

It is found that the subgrains sizes increase rapidly from about 2 to 7 µm with increasing misorientations from 1° to 15°, and the total number frequency of which is more than 95%.
As shown in Fig.1(b)-(c), the total percentage of low angle boundaries (< 15°) occupies more than 80% (Fig.1(b)), the total number percentage of subgrains is more than 90% (Fig.1(c)).
In order to understand further inhomogeneity of subgrain sizes, Fig.5 showing the statistical SG1 1.5° 3.5° 4.3° SG2 SG3 SG4 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Number frequency, % log(Dcry/Denv) -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Number frequency, % log(θθθθcry/θθθθenv) relationships between misorientations and sizes for subgrains with various local size features is made.
The authors believe the correlation between Dcry/Denv and θcry/θenv obtained by analyzing a lot of sub-grains as the above, and an explanation on sub-structural development is thereby come to light.
The subgrain sizes rapidly increase from about 2 µm to 7 µm with increasing misorintations from 1° to 15°, which occupies more than 95% of subgrain number percentage. 3.

Comparisons of the number of coil turns and diameter of coil are shown in Figs. 3 and 4, respectively.
The grain size distribution was between 0.1 and 1 mm.
The diameter of coil was 160 mm, the width was 1mm, and the number of coil turns was 50 wraps.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 24560978.
Duran: Sands, Powders, and Grains: An Introduction to the Physics of Granular Packings (Springer-Verlag, 2000)

In addition, residual stresses induced by the grinding process with an average grain size of 149 μm are relived after removing ZERODUR® material of a thickness of 60 μm.
The mirror honeycomb cells are removed by a CNC-machine with bound diamond grain tool D151 (mean grain size = 149 μm) and the grinding parameters are as follows: feed rate = 0.1 mm, tool traveling speeding = 40 mm/min and rotation speed = 4000 rpm.
The references are to be numbered in the order in which they are cited in the text and are to be listed at the end of the contribution under a heading References, see our example below.
Residual stresses induced by the grinding process with an average grain size of 149 μm are eliminated completely after removing ZERODUR® material of a thickness of 60 μm.