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These layers, depending on the type can reduce the corrosion rate of the steel, or accelerate the degrading processes involved in the corrosive process, resulting in a significant reduction of the service life of the equipment.
Figure 3 (a) shows the corrosion rate behavior of the steels with temperature and exposure time, calculated from mass loss data.
It can be observed a reduction in the corrosion rate with increasing temperature and exposure time, for both steels P110 and X80.
At 25oC the behavior of the two steels was similar and with increasing exposure time the value of Rp also increased, indicating a reduction in corrosion rate, since the Rp is inversely proportional to the corrosion rate.
At 50oC the Rp value remains almost constant up to 24 and 27 days, increasing significantly after this period, indicating a drastic reduction of the corrosion rate in this condition.

Owing to a high cost pressure and the need for a reduction of carbon dioxide emissions for manufacturing calcium silicate masonry units (CS), the CS-industry strives to cut the energy consumption.
Due to the heterogeneous loading and the consequential reduction of the throughput time, the heating-up of one autoclave can be avoided and thus the temperature loss of the green bodies can be diminished.
Hence, for achieving reductions of 2.04 kWh/t by closing both doors as often as possible, corresponding work instructions are recommended.
In order to guarantee the significance of the results, the simulation model has to be validated using real production data from different CS plants.
Moreover, some more studies have to follow, where more precise data concerning the energy consumption (e.g. the temperature loss of green bodies and autoclaves over time or the energy amount being exchanged during steam transfer depending on the initial temperature of green bodies and autoclaves) are investigated.

Our algorithm has been exploited for automatically evolving the optimal number of clusters as well as providing proper data set clustering.
In most real life situations the number of clusters in a data set is not known in advance.
Clustering Model and Measure Clustering is the classification of objects into different groups, or more precisely, the partitioning of a dataset into groups (clusters), so that the data in the same group are similar among themselves, and collectively different from the data of other groups.
Such a measure can be used to compare how well different data clustering algorithms perform on a set of data.
We chose data set (780 documents, 5 topics) from the Reuter set for the tests.

Finally, FEM simulations were run again with the established recrystallization model, and the results were compared with the experimental data.
Nine spots on Sections A, B and C in the deformed specimen (as shown in Fig. 4) were chosen for collecting grain size data.
The driving force is the reduction of grain boundary energy.
In particular, the coefficients a8, n8, m8 were considered temperature dependent, in order to fit the experimental data better, while h8 was considered equal to 1 and c8 equal to 0.
A mean error of 12% (with a maximum value of 57%) was found for the AA6060 alloy and a mean error of 16% (with a maximum value of 66%) for the AA6082 alloy, thus giving an acceptable agreement with experimental data.

The wide application of this system will be helpful for machining tool programmers, the improvement of machined part quality and the reduction of machine cost.
The source of cutting data includes literature data (Cutting handbooks, cutting tool catalogues and journals with printed or electronic form), data from shop floor and experimental data.
Experimental trials provided information that was not already available and verified some uncertain data.
Cutting data have been evaluated by experts before they are input into database.
Instead of just retrieving cutting data from the database, this system can calculate and modify the machining parameters according to the user's input on the basis of metal cutting principle.

The data obtained are used for characterization of magnetic clusters in structures with ultrathin Fe layers (tFe<6.6 Å) and for estimation of interfacial electron scattering parameters in GMR superlattices.
Results and discussion TKE data for a number of Fe(tx)/Cr10 Å nanostructures are shown in Fig. 1a,b.
Correlation between MRE and GMR experimental data as function of Fe layer thickness.
The data obtained show that probabilities of electron scattering for spin-up (↑) and spin-down (¯) directions at the Fe/Cr(100) interface are in the ratio of about 2.4, a coefficient of spin asymmetry of scattering = - 0.59, relaxation times of conductivity electrons for m=1: =1.13·10-15 s and =4.37·10-15 s.
MREP(j=70o) spectra: 1 – experimental MRE data; 2 – model MRE data.

Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) may be deployed in conjunction to SCM to improve the spectral efficiency and enhance the data rate of subscribers in a Local Area Network (LAN).
A wireless LAN complements 3G integrated data and voice services offered by cellular network operators [2-4].
More recently, MMF solutions such as OM3 and OM4 offer high speed data transfers for short distances less than 1 km [16].
At the transmitter, individual data signals are modulated using the MD code and combined before being modulated by a radio sine wave.
Din, “An Integrated Priority-Based Cell Attenuation Model for Dynamic Cell Sizing”, EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2012:356 , 2013 [5] Fiber Optics LAN Section (FOLS) White Paper, Choosing the Right Multimode Fiber for Data Communications, 2008 [6] A.

It is based on forging hollow axles which allows a significant reduction in steel consumption.
The final objective is to obtain the cyclic loading paths, in order to provide the data needed for the analysis of fatigue.
This simulation is validated by using experimental forces data (Fig. 8).
In terms of results, the different simulations present a good correlation with the experimental data.
A constitutive model and data for metals subjected to large strains, high strain rates and high temperatures, volume 21. 1983 [15] T.T.

Digital camera is widely used in the data collection of objective and background in the field of pattern design and supervisory controlling.
Then, color reproduction can be achieved according to equations through inputting data of the original color space.
With the number of order in the polynomial regression increasing, the precision of data calculation is rising.
The color data is collected using digital camera in sequence of correction color chart and testing color samples.
Conclusion With the rapid development of high-tech electronics industry, digital camera is widely used in the data collection of objective and background, and the date captured is used in the field of pattern design and supervisory controlling.

Base on the data and maps, illustrate the three types of paper and two kinds of ink coloration and chromatic aberration, and come to conclusion to control the stability of ink and paper, improve the standardization and accuracy, decrease the error.
Data processing and results analysis To facilitate results analysis, make the Jin Dong Dong Fan coated paper as A, Purple Xing matte paper as B, and special paper as C.
Before the experiment, measure the L * a * b * values of the blank paper, analyze the performance of the paper, and the data is shown in Figure 1.
From the experimental data, we knew that A90.12, B84.98, and C94.18 and the paper white provided are almost the same and the experimental data is reliable, which will help later analysis.
Because the smoothness and gloss of special paper are low, the osmosis is well, resulting in the poor coloration, particularly the reduction of cyan and magenta, While the overall performance of coated paper is better than the matte paper’s.