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Because nanoparticles in lubricants tend to agglomerate to some much larger particles than intended and agglomeration can lead to inaccurate and non-reproducible data.
The data of the coefficient of friction was collected automatically by the data acquisition.
The figure showed that the oil with 5wt%, 7wt% oleic acid performed the worst and the curves were volatile compared with 10wt% oleic acid which had the lowest friction coefficient data for the majority of the test.
Some results could be obtained from Fig2: ZnO nanoparticles as additives in base oil resulted in a friction reduction.
Further investigation was needed to better understand the mechanism of friction reduction and anti-wear.

In the same way, the possibility of using the results obtained from the statistical processing of the compression data of TPU -based lattice structures as a guide to find favorable possibilities within the range of parameters studied and predict its behavior was demonstrated [27].
Compressive stress values "σ" were obtained from the stress-strain data analysis using Eq.1: σ=FSx
From the compression test data, it was found that for the specimens’ stress-strain curves, the elastic region is approximately within the range of 0% - 10% strain.
Specimens Elastic modulus [MPa] Specimens Elastic modulus [MPa] RECIFLEX_15_0.4_0.1 0.40 TPU 95A_15_0.4_0.1 0.90 RECIFLEX_15_0.4_0.2 0.38 TPU 95A_15_0.4_0.2 0.58 RECIFLEX_15_0.6_0.1 1.49 TPU 95A_15_0.6_0.1 1.71 RECIFLEX_15_0.6_0.2 0.95 TPU 95A_15_0.6_0.2 0.98 From the young’s modulus data, a correlation has been found between the geometric variables and the specimens’ stiffness.
This fact could be justified from the perspective of the decrease in specimens’ stiffness produced by the reduction in the number of layers derived from layer height.

And the crystalline sizes of sphere-like Mn3O4 nanoparticles were calculated to be 21.3 nm from XRD data by using Jade 5.0 software (Figure S1).
However, when NaOH was employed as another alkali source instead of NH3·H2O under the same conditions as typical experiments, the morphology of as-prepared sample changed from sphere-like to octahedral (Figure 3c), which the crystalline sizes was calculated to be 34.1nm from XRD data by using Jade 5.0 software (Figure S2).
The screenshot picture of Jade software on the calculation of sphere-like Mn3O4 nanoparticles from XRD data.
The screenshot picture of Jade software on the calculation of octahedral Mn3O4 nanoparticles from XRD data.
Geus, The reduction and oxidation behaviour of manganese oxides, Catal.

While the strength reduction of concrete members suffering corrosion can be directly related to the reduction of the rebar area, the effects on stiffness and ductility of the overall structure are associated with complex mechanisms.
These data are used to define a nominal and a worst environment scenario, respectively: nominal scenario is obtained considering nominal value of chloride surface concentration, while in worst scenario, chloride surface concentration is defined as .
Moreover, critical chloride concentration and chloride surface concentration are assumed according to literature data for the selected class.
It is obvious that the quality of the evaluation depends strongly on input data.
Moreover, critical chloride concentration and chloride surface concentration are assumed according to literature data for the selected classes.

Divergence between the experimental data is due to the absence of the characteristic linear plot, corresponding to an elastic stage of deformation, on the charts of concrete “stress-strain deformation”.
Results Coefficients (a, b, c) are calculated from the comparison of experimental and theoretical data.
It is clear that the accounting of volume deformation q variability has to correspond to experimental data, with material constants established from direct experiments.
Rahmanov’s [6] experiments 0.8271 -1.7065 Theoretical dependences of F–h calculated by formulas in Eq. 1 and Eq. 11 are compared to experimental data when axial compression is available.
Comparison of theoretical and experimental data: 1) dependences of the corrected values of stresses (F) on those of deformations (h); 2) dependences of the corrected values of volume change (J) on those of deformations (h).

This article analyses factors influencing the Inner Mongolia carbon emission from 2001 to 2010 by using LMDI model and discusses how to achieve a win-win situation between economic development in national regions and reduction of carbon emissions.
The empirical analysis Because there is no data of Inner Mongolia real-time monitoring of carbon emissions, the article uses estimation method which multiplicates all kinds of energy consumption and their corresponding carbon emission coefficient to estimate the in Inner Mongolia carbon emissions from 2001 to 2010.
（in Chinese） ] Energy types Coal Oil Natural gas Unit:t c/ t sce 0.74 0.566 0.432 The data in table 2 mainly comes from Inner Mongolia statistical yearbook.
In view of statistics data consistency, the paper chooses Inner Mongolia GDP on 1995 unchanged.
In recent years, the power of Inner Mongolia’s energy conservation and emission reduction is increasing.

Data Calculation HB I 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 Strain (%) Exp.
Data Calculation HB II 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 Strain (%) Exp.
Data Calculation HB III 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Strain (%) Exp.
The difference to experimental data may result of some slip between the concrete and the GFRP profile.
The lower contact surface area of concrete to GFRP profiles in those beams allows for a reduction of adherence.

However, relatively few studies have focused on predicting the fatigue life and performance degradation of piezoelectric actuators [10, 11], because the primary concern is to enhance the static actuation displacement and fatigue studies are time consuming, as at least a million cycles of actuations are necessary to obtain one data point.
To analyze and restore digital data to a PC, a data acquisition system (National Instrument PCI6024E) and LabVIEW program were used.
Since one test took an average of 2 weeks, the lubrication state was checked everyday and the room temperature was maintained at 25� C to prevent any increase in the lubricant’s viscosity. 2.3 DATA ACQUISITION During the test, the actuation displacements were measured with a non-contact laser sensor five times per second.
Since there were so many data points, the graph was drawn using one point every hour, 18000 cycles.
Until one million cycles, there was only a very slight reduction in the displacement, which then increased around one million cycles.

Current attention is focused on human health risk reduction concerning the release of hydrocarbons to the environment.
Within each tier, risk assessment and remedial action are appropriately tailored to the extent of available site assessment data.
Higher tiers (Tiers 2 and 3) involve a greater degree of sophistication and expense for data collection and modeling but may allow overall cost savings because site-specific target levels are established as remediation goals [3-4].
The time frame of risk assessment will establish the appropriate risk reduction strategy.
After sufficient analytical data and other relevant site information were collected, risk-based evaluation using RBCA protocol was performed.

Nowadays, beside the consumption reduction the reliability and safety requirements according to structural elements of vehicle industry have significant grown; at the same time statistical data show, that third portion of damages leading to fracture occur in welded joints, while their near four fifths happen to cyclic loaded structural elements.
Fig. 3 summarizes our test results and results from the literature [3], and the measured data and the determined S-N curves.
Seven point incremental polynomial method [4] was used to evaluate the fatigue crack growth data.
Table 6 summarizes the average values of Paris-Erdogan constants (C and n) from our examinations and the comparative data (light grey cells) from the literature (n. of s. = element number of sample).
The data can be found in Table 6 demonstrates the same tendencies between the orientations (in case of BM) and among the notch positions (in case of FSW WJ).