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Online since: July 2011
Authors: Jiang Hua Li
All spectra were recorded at 25℃. 1H NMR Spectra were measured with 64 scans into 131072 data points over a spectral width of 19.995ppm.
Data Reduction.
Data reduction was accomplished by dividing the spectrum (over the range of 0.2-10ppm) into 0.02-ppm regions (bins) over which the signal was integrated to obtain the signal intensity using MestReC4.9..
All data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (M±SD).
In the metabonomics researches on the mammals, one NMR dimensional hydrogen spectrum (1H NMR) usually is used to test samples and get data, so these researches are also called NMR-based metabonomics studies [4].
Data Reduction.
Data reduction was accomplished by dividing the spectrum (over the range of 0.2-10ppm) into 0.02-ppm regions (bins) over which the signal was integrated to obtain the signal intensity using MestReC4.9..
All data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (M±SD).
In the metabonomics researches on the mammals, one NMR dimensional hydrogen spectrum (1H NMR) usually is used to test samples and get data, so these researches are also called NMR-based metabonomics studies [4].
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Chuan De Zhou, Cheng Wen
Experimental Verification
The experimental data adopt the rolling bearing fault signal from the bearing data center of Case Western Reserve University and the test object is the SKF 6203-2RS deep groove ball bearings.
When the data length N is equal to 2048 the inner race fault signal is analyzed by SVD-EEMD method and the results are shown in figure 3.
Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition: A Noise-assisted Data Analysis Method.
Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis. 1 (2009) 1-41
Development of An Advanced Noise Reduction Method for Vibration Analysis Based on Singular Value Decomposition.
When the data length N is equal to 2048 the inner race fault signal is analyzed by SVD-EEMD method and the results are shown in figure 3.
Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition: A Noise-assisted Data Analysis Method.
Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis. 1 (2009) 1-41
Development of An Advanced Noise Reduction Method for Vibration Analysis Based on Singular Value Decomposition.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Si Li, Ping Gu, Wang Hu Sun, Shao Chuang Ma
Ability to satisfy demand tracks: a , for a given data form uk,, and p, is the ability to satisfy demand tracks .
In equipment support ability space, meet the needs of a certain operational mapping path form for a specific area, the area can meet the demands of operational superface segmentation that joint surface is called ability needs to meet superface M, for a given data form uk, , , and the superface reflects the relationship of support ability.
For single time point equipment support ability, whether to meet the demand of operations is the standard, through the data mining, it gives us the classification model, and its manifestation is a five dimensions (multidimensional) in the space which is a curved surface (superface).
Different support taskes have different demand of support ability, and the mapping values will be different, the mapping in that form can be divided into five types: ordinary function (can obtained analytical expressions of differential equations (group), unable to get the analytical solutions of differential equations (group), data forms, the simulation experiment and mathematical programming.
In practical operation, using the ability to satisfy demand tracks as the standard measure of the ability of the actual system, compare the distribution of the data and track ability needs of ability to satisfy demand tracks, find out the effectiveness of the ability to measure.
In equipment support ability space, meet the needs of a certain operational mapping path form for a specific area, the area can meet the demands of operational superface segmentation that joint surface is called ability needs to meet superface M, for a given data form uk, , , and the superface reflects the relationship of support ability.
For single time point equipment support ability, whether to meet the demand of operations is the standard, through the data mining, it gives us the classification model, and its manifestation is a five dimensions (multidimensional) in the space which is a curved surface (superface).
Different support taskes have different demand of support ability, and the mapping values will be different, the mapping in that form can be divided into five types: ordinary function (can obtained analytical expressions of differential equations (group), unable to get the analytical solutions of differential equations (group), data forms, the simulation experiment and mathematical programming.
In practical operation, using the ability to satisfy demand tracks as the standard measure of the ability of the actual system, compare the distribution of the data and track ability needs of ability to satisfy demand tracks, find out the effectiveness of the ability to measure.
Online since: January 2017
Authors: Liang Xie, Yang Wang, Li Xia Wang, Yong Tao Li, Wei Chen, Hong Guang Zhang, De Xiang Fu, Wen Zhi Li, Yu Zhuang Liu
The study on the isovalent Sr ion doping at Ca-site, not changing the ratio of Mn3+/Mn4+, induces the small lattice distortion and the reduction of corresponding magnetism [10].
The refined data were well calculated according to the rhomboidal structure with R-3 group space of CaMn7O12.
The goodness of fit (c2) of all data are lower than 1.5.
And the data above 90 K are all well fitted by Curie-Weiss law and the Curie-Weiss temperature are all negative as well, which are -35.9, -34.5, -30.2, -28.3 and -23.6 K corresponding to x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4.
The magnetic data show that there are two phase transition at 40 and 90 K.
The refined data were well calculated according to the rhomboidal structure with R-3 group space of CaMn7O12.
The goodness of fit (c2) of all data are lower than 1.5.
And the data above 90 K are all well fitted by Curie-Weiss law and the Curie-Weiss temperature are all negative as well, which are -35.9, -34.5, -30.2, -28.3 and -23.6 K corresponding to x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4.
The magnetic data show that there are two phase transition at 40 and 90 K.
Online since: April 2008
Authors: Besim Ben-Nissan, Greg Heness, Norman Booth
Data supplied by the manufacturer are given in Table 1.
Crosshead displacement was measured using an LVDT, and that data as well as load was collected using a Pico ADC100 data logger with a sampling frequency of 5Hz.
The Weibull parameter, m, was estimated by applying the probability plotting method according to ASTM C 1239-07, Standard Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced Ceramics.
(Fig. 3) The gradual reduction in strength can clearly be seen, whilst the Weibull modulus (both biased and unbiased) remains essentially unchanged.
Preliminary test data on the effect of specimen volume on the apparent stiffness of the specimens.
Crosshead displacement was measured using an LVDT, and that data as well as load was collected using a Pico ADC100 data logger with a sampling frequency of 5Hz.
The Weibull parameter, m, was estimated by applying the probability plotting method according to ASTM C 1239-07, Standard Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced Ceramics.
(Fig. 3) The gradual reduction in strength can clearly be seen, whilst the Weibull modulus (both biased and unbiased) remains essentially unchanged.
Preliminary test data on the effect of specimen volume on the apparent stiffness of the specimens.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Tian Qing Yu, Jun Feng Shi, Liang Wang
The use of structural analysis software SATWE establish the structural model , the structure of the total information , wind load information , seismic information and floor live load information for a reasonable input , and use empirical formula to test its rationality, making the structure model can accurately simulate the actual engineering by strength and deformation characteristics of shape , so that the structure of the data more convincing.
From SATWE computing results of the data to map the earthquake shear curve along with the change of wall thickness as shown in Figure 4: Figure 4 The curve of change in seismic shear force with wall thickness As can be seen the hole rate remains unchanged, the earthquake shear force increased with the increase of the thickness of the shear wall and the corresponding linear increase, and the lateral stiffness of the structure also increase, thereby also increasing the seismic action ; When shear wall thickness of the wall remains unchanged, shear increases with increasing the level of concrete , indicating increased levels of seismic concrete action to increase.
SATWE calculation results obtained from the data plotted weight ratio and shear weight ratio curve of wall thickness variation as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7.
Table 2 The influence of wall thickness of each parameter wall thickness growth rate 10% 25% 50% natural vibration period reduction rate 1.50% 3.40% 6.00% seismic Shear growth rate 2.20% 5.10% 9.80% maximum story drift angle reduction rate 2.00% 4.80% 8.50% From the above table it can be seen shear wall thickness growth rate of 10% , 25% , 50% , the natural vibration period, the seismic shear, maximum interlayer displacement Angle rate, we can clearly see that the growth rate of shear wall thickness is the most significant effect on seismic shear.
Conclusions Through the combination of different concrete shear wall thickness and different levels of use of finite element analysis software SATWE analysis shows that the structure of maximum story drift angle structures have emerged in the middle position downwards , so in the structural design work need to increase the structure of the local stiffness of the lower floor, In practice, this project set 1-3 layers to strengthen the area , concrete shear walls grade C35, so that the lower stiffness strengthened, which is consistent with the results of data analysis. 1.
From SATWE computing results of the data to map the earthquake shear curve along with the change of wall thickness as shown in Figure 4: Figure 4 The curve of change in seismic shear force with wall thickness As can be seen the hole rate remains unchanged, the earthquake shear force increased with the increase of the thickness of the shear wall and the corresponding linear increase, and the lateral stiffness of the structure also increase, thereby also increasing the seismic action ; When shear wall thickness of the wall remains unchanged, shear increases with increasing the level of concrete , indicating increased levels of seismic concrete action to increase.
SATWE calculation results obtained from the data plotted weight ratio and shear weight ratio curve of wall thickness variation as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7.
Table 2 The influence of wall thickness of each parameter wall thickness growth rate 10% 25% 50% natural vibration period reduction rate 1.50% 3.40% 6.00% seismic Shear growth rate 2.20% 5.10% 9.80% maximum story drift angle reduction rate 2.00% 4.80% 8.50% From the above table it can be seen shear wall thickness growth rate of 10% , 25% , 50% , the natural vibration period, the seismic shear, maximum interlayer displacement Angle rate, we can clearly see that the growth rate of shear wall thickness is the most significant effect on seismic shear.
Conclusions Through the combination of different concrete shear wall thickness and different levels of use of finite element analysis software SATWE analysis shows that the structure of maximum story drift angle structures have emerged in the middle position downwards , so in the structural design work need to increase the structure of the local stiffness of the lower floor, In practice, this project set 1-3 layers to strengthen the area , concrete shear walls grade C35, so that the lower stiffness strengthened, which is consistent with the results of data analysis. 1.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Mirna Sales Loiola Rosa, Maria Rita de Morais Chaves Santos, Marcos Pereira Silva, Alan Icaro Morais, Luiz Sousa Santos Jr., Edson Cavalcanti da Silva Filho
This paper aims to use filter papers as a source of cellulosic materials as adsorbent of anionic reactive blue dye of remazol RN of aqueous medium, characterize it by XRD and apply it to test adsorption of anionic reactive blue dye of remazol RN, according to the adjustment of pH, time, temperature and concentration, and adjust the experimental data to kinetic models of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms.
At every 30 minutes a sample was removed, where the supernatant was separated by centrifugation at 3500 rpm for 15 minutes, and the remaining dye concentration was measured in a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 276 nm, and the amount of adsorbed dye per unit of mass of adsorbent in each time (qe in mg g-1) was calculated according to equation 1 [10]: Eq.1 After studying the influence of time, the data obtained were adjusted to pseudo first-order and pseudo-second order models [2].
The experimental data were adjusted to the theoretical models of pseudo - first order and pseudo - second order.
From the data of Table, it can be observed higher values of the correlation factor for the kinetic model of pseudo - second order.
It was found that the cellulosic derivatives, such as the paper of this study can be used in removal of blue dye of remazol RN in the textile industry, promoting the reduction of the aquatic and terrestrial pollutions.
At every 30 minutes a sample was removed, where the supernatant was separated by centrifugation at 3500 rpm for 15 minutes, and the remaining dye concentration was measured in a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 276 nm, and the amount of adsorbed dye per unit of mass of adsorbent in each time (qe in mg g-1) was calculated according to equation 1 [10]: Eq.1 After studying the influence of time, the data obtained were adjusted to pseudo first-order and pseudo-second order models [2].
The experimental data were adjusted to the theoretical models of pseudo - first order and pseudo - second order.
From the data of Table, it can be observed higher values of the correlation factor for the kinetic model of pseudo - second order.
It was found that the cellulosic derivatives, such as the paper of this study can be used in removal of blue dye of remazol RN in the textile industry, promoting the reduction of the aquatic and terrestrial pollutions.
First Evaluation of the Structural Performance of Traditional Brickwork after Standard Fire Exposure
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Francesca Sciarretta
There are reasons for coupling investigations on the residual mechanical properties to fire resistance data, aiming at a more complete knowledge of the behavior of a masonry member during and after fire exposure.
The approach, successfully tested against experimental data already available, features a preliminary transient heat flow analysis which gives a numerical prediction of fire resistance after violation of I (Insulation) criterion; then, a staggered heat flow - stress analysis repeats the heating of the wall up to insulation failure and calculates the thermal strain accounting for cracking; finally, a ‘cold’ structural analysis in compression is performed on the thermally-deformed model after cooling.
It is worth noticing by now that the four values of thickness allow to appreciate the effect of the same exposure duration (240 min) on walls of different thickness (38 and 51 cm); moreover, with a comparison to already available numerical and experimental data, also the effect of different exposures on the same wall (25 cm thick) will finally be appreciated.
All the numerically detected features of residual behaviour, i.e. significant reduction in compressive strength after exposure to a severe fire condition, small (but increasing at increasing exposure duration) reduction in elastic modulus, significant reduction in strain capacity in the pre-peak field, are substantially in agreement with available information from literature and testing and analysis experience [21, 23, 24].
This will allow to appreciate (unlike the graph in Figure 5-2) the effects of different exposure durations on walls of the same thickness and, moreover, to compare data from different sources.
The approach, successfully tested against experimental data already available, features a preliminary transient heat flow analysis which gives a numerical prediction of fire resistance after violation of I (Insulation) criterion; then, a staggered heat flow - stress analysis repeats the heating of the wall up to insulation failure and calculates the thermal strain accounting for cracking; finally, a ‘cold’ structural analysis in compression is performed on the thermally-deformed model after cooling.
It is worth noticing by now that the four values of thickness allow to appreciate the effect of the same exposure duration (240 min) on walls of different thickness (38 and 51 cm); moreover, with a comparison to already available numerical and experimental data, also the effect of different exposures on the same wall (25 cm thick) will finally be appreciated.
All the numerically detected features of residual behaviour, i.e. significant reduction in compressive strength after exposure to a severe fire condition, small (but increasing at increasing exposure duration) reduction in elastic modulus, significant reduction in strain capacity in the pre-peak field, are substantially in agreement with available information from literature and testing and analysis experience [21, 23, 24].
This will allow to appreciate (unlike the graph in Figure 5-2) the effects of different exposure durations on walls of the same thickness and, moreover, to compare data from different sources.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Chang Yong Li, Guang Xin Li, Qi Guo, Wen Jing Shao, Rui Liu
Based on the test data, the formula for calculating the shear-cracking force and the shear-crack width of reinforced full-recycled aggregate concrete beams are suggested.
Therefore, the reduction of some load behaviors of reinforced recycled concrete members is also reasonable.
Fig. 3 Changes of shear-cracking strength with shear-span ratio As short of test data of the shear-cracking force of reinforced recycled concrete beams, the formula of ordinary reinforced concrete beams is used [15, 16], (1) The calculation results of the test beams are listed in Table 3, it can be seen that the test values of shear-cracking force are all smaller than the calculation results.
To further confirm the reasonability of this result, the test data of other researches are collected and compared with the calculation results of formula (1).
Except that Zhang et al [11] given the larger test values, others given the smaller test data.
Therefore, the reduction of some load behaviors of reinforced recycled concrete members is also reasonable.
Fig. 3 Changes of shear-cracking strength with shear-span ratio As short of test data of the shear-cracking force of reinforced recycled concrete beams, the formula of ordinary reinforced concrete beams is used [15, 16], (1) The calculation results of the test beams are listed in Table 3, it can be seen that the test values of shear-cracking force are all smaller than the calculation results.
To further confirm the reasonability of this result, the test data of other researches are collected and compared with the calculation results of formula (1).
Except that Zhang et al [11] given the larger test values, others given the smaller test data.
Online since: October 2006
Authors: Hyouk Chon Kwon, Kyung Hoon Kim, Sung Chul Lim, Heung Bok Lee
Some advantages of the semi-solid state
processing over the conventional cast include a reduction in the consumption of energy and the cycle
time for processing, an extrusion of the die life, elimination of inclusions, improved yield of
fine-grained and uniform structures, a reduction in micro- and macro-segregation, shrinkage,
micro-porosity and cracking, and enhanced mechanical properties of ingot products [2].
The size of primary solid particle was found to be decreased with increasing cooling rate agreed well with the data of author's previous work.
The size of primary solid particle was found to be decreased with increasing cooling rate agreed well with the data of author's previous work.