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Interfacial Fracture Toughness of Adhesively Bonded Joints Marco Alfanoa, Franco Furgiueleb, Carmine Malettac Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy a alfano@unical.it, bfurgiuele@unical.it, ccarmine.maletta@unical.it Keywords: interfacial fracture; adhesive bonded joints; complex stress intensity factor; energy release rate Abstract.
Traditionally the strength properties of adhesive bonded joints are assessed by standard test methods like the single lap joint test, the peel test, etc.
Each material is taken to be isotropic and linear elastic, in particular the material properties of the aluminium substrates are Young's modulus Es=70GPa and Poisson's ratio νs=0.33, while those of the adhesive are Ea=1.3GPa, νa=0.35 respectively.
Crack growth jumps and periodic load fluctuations do affect the resulting load versus crosshead displacement curve that presents a typical saw-tooth shape (Fig. 3).
After mechanical testing the fracture surfaces were optically analyzed in order to assess the locus of failure (Fig. 4).

Nano-particles are nowadays used in the production of food packaging, which improves the barrier properties, mechanical properties, that has been confirmed [1-9].
Analytic measures Mechanical property test The mechanical properties including Tensile Sress, Young Modulus, Yield Strength, Maximum Rupture Stress, and Elongation at break, were tested according to standard of ASTM 638.
Results and discussion Mechanical property The effect of nano- SiO2 (NS-2) with different content on mechanical property is showed in table1.
Table 1 Effects of nano-SiO2 on PP’s mechanical property Sample No.
The improvement of printing and laminating performance related to the some factors, example, process condition, and dispersion of nanoparticle as filler that needs to further exploration.

Recently, ternary Cr-X-N coatings, where X is one of the various alloying elements such as Ti, Si, Al, Ta, Nb, Ni, B and C, have been explored in order to further improve the various properties of CrN coatings [1].
Hardness is one of the most important material properties affecting resistance to wear.
Surface material properties for tribological applications can be described in terms of their measured hardness and elastic modulus (E) [6].
Factors Hardness (GPa) Types of Coatings 1 2 3 4 5 CrN 13.7606 14.9175 15.3766 11.5564 7.3052 CrC 5.8264 5.6372 5.3694 6.0361 5.6284 CrCN 12.9159 11.5862 9.4741 11.3593 12.1628 In this investigation, the factor that determined the observed hardness was the types of coatings that had been previously applied to the upper hooks.
Note that the coefficient of determination (R2) provided the proportion of the total variation in the response variable and it is explained by using the process factors that included in the model [7].

Influence Factors Analysis During the deep foundation pit excavation, the soil mass will be changed to initiative pressure state from the original static pressure state, which will arouse soil deformation.
The main influence factors affecting the stratum movement are as follows: soil upward raise, displacement of the maintaining wall, underground water, correlation factors of the stratum moving.
Above all, the uncertain factors of underground project must be considered.
Conclusion (1) The main factors that influenced subsidence of building around the pit include ground water running off, the soil disturbance caused by drilling and base form of buildings, etc
Wang nuarrtang, Monitoring technology in mechanical deformation of protected construction in deep foundation ditch.

Many scholars made their contributions to the establishment of settlement influencing factors and settlement correction factors, put forward a number of linear or nonlinear relation equations, which may meet the real project situation quite well for a specific project. 
The physical and mechanical properties of red clay on this work site are shown in Table 1.
(2) e-lgp method – the one considering the stress history From the physical and mechanical properties of red clay, the red clay of the region (DK1293) belongs to the normally consolidated and the slightly overconsolidated clay.
Overconsolidation properties, low degree of density, and characteristics of deformation of red clay in Qianzhong area[J].
Study on modified factors for 1-D calculation of embankment settlement considering soil lateral deformation[J].

The factors such as the speed and radius of gyration of crushing cutter drum, the shape and arrangement of crushing cutters, may directly affect the processing quality and production efficiency of the breaking machine processing banana stems.
In the determination of rotation rate, when crushing cutter radius increases, the equipment overall size enlarged, crushing cutter drum imbalance factors also increased, vibration surged[6] .
The role of fibre/matrix interactions on the dynamic mechanical properties of chemically modified banana fibre/polyester composites.Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2006,37(9): 1260-1269
Influence of fiber surface treatment and length on physico-chemical properties of short random banana fiber-reinforced castor oil polyurethane composites.
Varma.Monitoring surface properties evolution of thermochemically modified cellulose nanofibres from banana pseudo-stem.

Introduction Weld induced distortion is one of familiar problems that frequently occurs in consequence of welding process which can adversely affect the dimensional accuracy and repair cost.
The mechanical and thermal properties are tabulated in Table 2.
Table 2: Physical properties of S355J2G3.
Elements [%] S355J2G3 C 0.180 Mn 1.600 Si 0.550 S 0.035 P 0.035 Properties Values Young’s modulus [GPa] 210 (at 20oC) Minimum yield strength [MPa] 355 Poisson’s ratio, ν 0.33 Solidus temperature, TS [oC] 1404 Liquidus temperature, TL [oC] 1505 A fast prediction of distortion can be computed by using local/global approach.
Result and Discussion Fig. 5 presents the predicted result of angular distortion in butt joint using Pam-Assembly without and with 10x magnification factors.

Introduction The susceptibility of tool to the deformation during machining is one of the factors affecting the very complex phenomenon such as cutting process instability [1,2,3].
Titanium alloy was chosen for researches because of its particular properties (e.g. low modulus of elasticity and low thermal conductivity).
Fig. 2 Simulation model of down milling of titanium alloy work-piece The material behavior during machining is governed by the following Equation (2), considering strain hardening , strain rate sensitivity , and thermal softening : (2) Main physical and mechanical properties of the work-piece (Ti6Al4V) and tool (sintered carbides) materials are presented in Table 1.
Table 1 Main typical physical and mechanical properties at room temperature [22,23] Ti6Al4V [18] Sintered carbides [19] Density ρ 4.42 12.9 g/cm3 Melting point Tmelt 1649 - oC Thermal Conductivity k 7.2 45 W/m×K Modulus of Elasticity E 115 520 GPa Specific Heat c 560 398 J/kg× K Ultimate Tensile Strength Rm 1000 - MPa Poisson’s Ratio υ 0.34 0.22 - The courses of the three main cutting force components (Fx, Fy, Fz) and the maximum temperature of the cutting edge (Tmax), assuming the fully rigid tool (beam length L1 = 0 mm), is presented in Fig. 3.
Collings, Material properties handbook: titanium alloys.

The paper describes an analysis of suitability of a tire model and its model properties with respect to values of the car body acceleration, or running stability of the vehicle.
The paper will describe evaluation of suitability of a tire model and its model properties with respect to values of acceleration, resp. running stability of the vehicle [4, 5, 6].
It is impossible to start production without proper experiments and tests on a real product, buton the other hand it is not possible to monitor all properties by an expensive testing.
Goal of this maneuver is to evaluate capability of sustaining direction and directional properties of a vehicle that moves just by its own inertia.
[3] J.Svendenius, Examples of scale factors for a semi empirical tire model.

Finally, the debound compact is sintered to achieve desired physical and mechanical properties.
Defects deteriorate the mechanical properties of the final products.
Binder removal is limited by various factors.
It can be seen that the best possible combination of factors are A3, B1, and C1.
Hsu, Effect of backbone polymer on properties of 316L stainless steel MIM compact, J.