Sort by:
Publication Type:
Open access:
Publication Date:
Periodicals:
Search results
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Peng Huo, Li Li Tan
In recent years,with the low carbon environmental protection consciousness into the social and economic,shallow geothermal energy which is one of the clean energy of is applied widely.This paper states the conditions of resource utilization and collecting technology in Shijiazhuang.It also states the present development situation and the application examples of Shallow Geothermal Energy heat source heating (cold) system , which can provide beneficial reference data.
1 Introduction
Shallow geothermal energy (heat) exists widely in the shallow subsurface (hundreds of meters) constant temperature zone in the soil and groundwater.
Shijiazhuang city "Eleventh Five Year" energy-saving emission reduction comprehensive implementation scheme ofagain proposed to promote renewable energy and building integrated application, actively promote solar energy, shallow layer can other large scale application of renewable energy in buildings in August 22, 2011. 6 Shallow geothermal energy application of ground source heat pump system By Hebei Provincial Construction Information Center led the construction of the "Hebei information service center" construction project as an example of [6], this project uses high efficiency, energy saving and no pollution, cold warm dual-purpose heat pump central air conditioning system ground source system.
The results show that: Ground source heat pump system has the advantages of simple operation, no pollution, high degree of automation, energy-saving emission reduction, the system has a high technical and economic benefits, environmental benefits and application prospects. 7 Problems With the shallow geothermal energy development and utilization of the work of the growing, development and utilization of shallow resources problems have emerged.
Shijiazhuang city "Eleventh Five Year" energy-saving emission reduction comprehensive implementation scheme ofagain proposed to promote renewable energy and building integrated application, actively promote solar energy, shallow layer can other large scale application of renewable energy in buildings in August 22, 2011. 6 Shallow geothermal energy application of ground source heat pump system By Hebei Provincial Construction Information Center led the construction of the "Hebei information service center" construction project as an example of [6], this project uses high efficiency, energy saving and no pollution, cold warm dual-purpose heat pump central air conditioning system ground source system.
The results show that: Ground source heat pump system has the advantages of simple operation, no pollution, high degree of automation, energy-saving emission reduction, the system has a high technical and economic benefits, environmental benefits and application prospects. 7 Problems With the shallow geothermal energy development and utilization of the work of the growing, development and utilization of shallow resources problems have emerged.
Online since: May 2013
Authors: Almatbek Kydyrbekuly, Lelya Khajiyeva
The research results are in accord with experimental data of other works.
In Fig. 1 we can observe that in the case of physical nonlinearity of the system (aheavy full line) there is a reduction in size of amplitude of the basic resonance and displacement of resonant frequency into the area of smaller frequencies.
They tend to reduction of the amplitude of vibrations and resonance frequencies.
In Fig. 1 we can observe that in the case of physical nonlinearity of the system (aheavy full line) there is a reduction in size of amplitude of the basic resonance and displacement of resonant frequency into the area of smaller frequencies.
They tend to reduction of the amplitude of vibrations and resonance frequencies.
Online since: July 2020
Authors: Nandang Mufti, Sunaryono Sunaryono, Ahmad Taufiq, Ari June Wilyanto Tyas Nenohai, R. Situmorang, Yunan Amza Muhammad
Diffraction data confirmed the presence of Fe3O4 and the amorphous SiO2 phase.
Diffraction data analyzed using Rietica. 3.2.
This decrease refers to the reduction of magnetic properties caused by SiO2 coating.
Analysis results of magnetic properties for all samples Sample Hc (T) Mr (emu/gram) Ms (emu/gram) TEOS 6 mL 0.0131 0.00891 14.46 TEOS 8 mL 0.0115 0.00834 11.89 Based on Figure 3, the magnetization data in Table 2 were obtained by fitting the Langevin equation.
Furthermore, the remanent magnetization obtained from the data analysis decreased with the increase TEOS concentrations.
Diffraction data analyzed using Rietica. 3.2.
This decrease refers to the reduction of magnetic properties caused by SiO2 coating.
Analysis results of magnetic properties for all samples Sample Hc (T) Mr (emu/gram) Ms (emu/gram) TEOS 6 mL 0.0131 0.00891 14.46 TEOS 8 mL 0.0115 0.00834 11.89 Based on Figure 3, the magnetization data in Table 2 were obtained by fitting the Langevin equation.
Furthermore, the remanent magnetization obtained from the data analysis decreased with the increase TEOS concentrations.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Leila Figueiredo de Miranda, Antonio H. Minhoz, Rodrigo A. Vicente, Mauro C. Terence, Leonardo G.A. Silva
The collected data were compared with the ICDD data.
The Vicat softening point (ASTM D1525) and Deflection Temperature data (HDT) were obtained according to ASTM D648 and was determined using Tinius Olsen HD94/398 equipment.
Results and discussions Pseudoboehmite: Fig. 1 and Fig 2 show the data obtained in the X-ray diffraction and DSC tests.
The X-ray diffraction data, in Fig. 1, shows the typical pseudoboehmite diffraction pattern with low intensity peaks observed, for example, at 2θ =13Åã (020) and 28Åã (021).
The Shore D hardness data (Figure 7) shows that the samples containing the larger amount of pseudoboehmite (3%) show an increase in the Shore D hardness.
The Vicat softening point (ASTM D1525) and Deflection Temperature data (HDT) were obtained according to ASTM D648 and was determined using Tinius Olsen HD94/398 equipment.
Results and discussions Pseudoboehmite: Fig. 1 and Fig 2 show the data obtained in the X-ray diffraction and DSC tests.
The X-ray diffraction data, in Fig. 1, shows the typical pseudoboehmite diffraction pattern with low intensity peaks observed, for example, at 2θ =13Åã (020) and 28Åã (021).
The Shore D hardness data (Figure 7) shows that the samples containing the larger amount of pseudoboehmite (3%) show an increase in the Shore D hardness.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Marius Iacob, Vlad Darie, Aurelian Vlase, Ovidiu Blăjină
The experimental data and their subsequent processing represent the original contribution of the authors to the estimation of polytropic exponents and to the assessment in terms of structure of the calculus relation of the cutting tool wear.
Mechanical characteristics (at 200 C) Stainless steel Tensile strength Rm [MPa] Flowing limit R02 [MPa] Elongation A [%] Hardness [HB] X20Cr13 730 280 16 231 Experimental results and obtained data processing The technical literature [9], provided the equation (1), which has been the starting point in the analysis of the cutting tool wear for drilling:
No Diameter D [mm] Feed f [mm/rot] Rotation n [rot/min] Speed v [m/min] Cutting time t [min] Tool wear VB [mm] 1 16 0.12 450 22.61 18.52 3.87 2 20 0.12 280 17.58 29.76 1.70 3 20 0.20 280 17.58 17.86 2.05 4 12 0.12 355 13.38 23.47 1.10 5 16 0.20 450 22.61 11.11 4.62 6 20 0.32 280 17.58 11.16 2.41 7 20 0.12 355 22.29 23.47 3.26 If the data of the first five experiments from the Table 3 are substituted in the equation (2), then a linear inhomogeneous system of five equations with five unknowns (x, y, z, w, lg CVB) is obtained:
(4) The data of the last two experiments, included in the Table 4, allow the verification of the calculus relation (4).
Conclusions The experimental data and their processing represent the contribution of the authors to the estimation of the polytropic exponents from the formula of the cutting tool wear on the tool putting surface at drilling of the stainless steel X20Cr13.
Mechanical characteristics (at 200 C) Stainless steel Tensile strength Rm [MPa] Flowing limit R02 [MPa] Elongation A [%] Hardness [HB] X20Cr13 730 280 16 231 Experimental results and obtained data processing The technical literature [9], provided the equation (1), which has been the starting point in the analysis of the cutting tool wear for drilling:
No Diameter D [mm] Feed f [mm/rot] Rotation n [rot/min] Speed v [m/min] Cutting time t [min] Tool wear VB [mm] 1 16 0.12 450 22.61 18.52 3.87 2 20 0.12 280 17.58 29.76 1.70 3 20 0.20 280 17.58 17.86 2.05 4 12 0.12 355 13.38 23.47 1.10 5 16 0.20 450 22.61 11.11 4.62 6 20 0.32 280 17.58 11.16 2.41 7 20 0.12 355 22.29 23.47 3.26 If the data of the first five experiments from the Table 3 are substituted in the equation (2), then a linear inhomogeneous system of five equations with five unknowns (x, y, z, w, lg CVB) is obtained:
(4) The data of the last two experiments, included in the Table 4, allow the verification of the calculus relation (4).
Conclusions The experimental data and their processing represent the contribution of the authors to the estimation of the polytropic exponents from the formula of the cutting tool wear on the tool putting surface at drilling of the stainless steel X20Cr13.
Online since: November 2015
Authors: Aurelian Albut
The following aspects stand out from the simulation tests regarding the influence of rolling direction on springback parameters: the material rolling direction perpendicular to the deformation direction (0o) leads to reduction of springback intensity; the thickness of the material in case of RD0o is reduced in comparison with the one of RD90o.
Retrieving data from experiments was carried out using a performing acquisition system SPIDER 8 (600 Hz) and their processing was performed using NEXIGEN Plus software.
The profile of the obtained part and the parameters of springback were measured with a numerical controlled scanning machine Roland Model MDX-15 (Fig. 6), and the obtained data were processed with a CAD software.
The sheet material behavior has been described by an elastoplastic Hill 48 constitutive model with isotropic hardening, and the stress–strain data necessary for the non-linear behavior of the sheet has been obtained by using tensile tests.
When properly used, simulation by finite element method can be considered a valuable tool in the study of the influencing factors of the springback phenomenon able to offer accurate data even from the design stage.
Retrieving data from experiments was carried out using a performing acquisition system SPIDER 8 (600 Hz) and their processing was performed using NEXIGEN Plus software.
The profile of the obtained part and the parameters of springback were measured with a numerical controlled scanning machine Roland Model MDX-15 (Fig. 6), and the obtained data were processed with a CAD software.
The sheet material behavior has been described by an elastoplastic Hill 48 constitutive model with isotropic hardening, and the stress–strain data necessary for the non-linear behavior of the sheet has been obtained by using tensile tests.
When properly used, simulation by finite element method can be considered a valuable tool in the study of the influencing factors of the springback phenomenon able to offer accurate data even from the design stage.
Online since: November 2015
Authors: Jörg Franke, Sven Kreitlein, Mona Hußnätter, Michael Scholz
The digital integration of the production devices is a result of this trend to collect machine data and use central line computers throughout the whole value stream.
Additionally, they will have the possibility to find solutions to the changed conditions by their own or get in contact to a supervisor and support him with preprocessed data.
The exchange of the data takes place in the cloud in that scenario. [3], [4], [5] Besides, this prospective productions facilities are able to harmonize the material flow due to their autonomous exchange of data and information.
Furthermore, this data are responsible for the individualized and autonomous routing of each product.
The amount of variants of a product will increase with a reduction of the lot sizes of each variant.
Additionally, they will have the possibility to find solutions to the changed conditions by their own or get in contact to a supervisor and support him with preprocessed data.
The exchange of the data takes place in the cloud in that scenario. [3], [4], [5] Besides, this prospective productions facilities are able to harmonize the material flow due to their autonomous exchange of data and information.
Furthermore, this data are responsible for the individualized and autonomous routing of each product.
The amount of variants of a product will increase with a reduction of the lot sizes of each variant.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Deng Feng Wang, Gang Ping Tan, Jian Gang Zhang, Shu Ming Chen
The results indicate that it is significant to reduce the peak values of specific loudness by using this control strategy, and then the reduction in loudness of noise is up to 1.5 sones.
The data in Table 1 show nearly similar loudness values for pure tones at 1 kHz.
It can be seen from the data in Table 2 that the deviation values of loudness calculated by the two self-developed computational procedures are larger as the SPL of pink noise.
The data were further analyzed by using the method of making maps, shown in Fig. 1.
The following step is to take advantage of ANC with filter-x least mean square (FXLMS) algorithm in order to selectively control noise and attenuate the peak values with corresponding to critical band, and also to attempt to achieve noise reduction.
The data in Table 1 show nearly similar loudness values for pure tones at 1 kHz.
It can be seen from the data in Table 2 that the deviation values of loudness calculated by the two self-developed computational procedures are larger as the SPL of pink noise.
The data were further analyzed by using the method of making maps, shown in Fig. 1.
The following step is to take advantage of ANC with filter-x least mean square (FXLMS) algorithm in order to selectively control noise and attenuate the peak values with corresponding to critical band, and also to attempt to achieve noise reduction.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Shan Hua Xu, Zheng Yi Kong, Yu Sheng Chen
Then the method is used to analyze the experiment data.
As the complexity of the localized corrosion,the existing paper[1~10]on safety assessment or analysis of mechanical properties often used corrosion rate or the method of a simple reduction to the size,and uniform corrosion and localized corrosion are not distinguished.
Analysis and results The acquisition data of the roughness tester is based on equal-area line,because the height of the (a) Before clearing (b) after clearing Fig. 3.
The profile of corrosion pits piont that occuring localized corrosion is lower than the point that not occuring,so the depth of localized corrosion should not be positive,and the acquisition data should be revised,we define the highest point of its profile as the point of zero,which shows this point is not occuring localized corrosion,then all data revise.Table 1 lists the average value of surface profile in a specimen.
Calculation of the thickness for uniform corrosion Specimen number The weight of loss (g) The total thickness of loss (um) the thickness of localized corrosion (um) the thickness of uniform corrosion (um) C66 43.690 397.543 202.952 194.591 the experiment data,we find that the thickness of uniform corrosion and localized corrosion increase with the rate of corrosion, and they all show a power relationship with corrosion rate.So it can distinguish the loss of localized corrosion from the loss of uniform corrosion,and it will provide help to safety assessment.
As the complexity of the localized corrosion,the existing paper[1~10]on safety assessment or analysis of mechanical properties often used corrosion rate or the method of a simple reduction to the size,and uniform corrosion and localized corrosion are not distinguished.
Analysis and results The acquisition data of the roughness tester is based on equal-area line,because the height of the (a) Before clearing (b) after clearing Fig. 3.
The profile of corrosion pits piont that occuring localized corrosion is lower than the point that not occuring,so the depth of localized corrosion should not be positive,and the acquisition data should be revised,we define the highest point of its profile as the point of zero,which shows this point is not occuring localized corrosion,then all data revise.Table 1 lists the average value of surface profile in a specimen.
Calculation of the thickness for uniform corrosion Specimen number The weight of loss (g) The total thickness of loss (um) the thickness of localized corrosion (um) the thickness of uniform corrosion (um) C66 43.690 397.543 202.952 194.591 the experiment data,we find that the thickness of uniform corrosion and localized corrosion increase with the rate of corrosion, and they all show a power relationship with corrosion rate.So it can distinguish the loss of localized corrosion from the loss of uniform corrosion,and it will provide help to safety assessment.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Yu Li Chen, Xian Long Sun, Chang Qing Sun, Er Xin Gao, Jian You Di
Study on The Relation Between The Deep and The Spontaneous Combustion of Coal Seam
DI Jian-you 1, a, GAO Er-xin2,b ,SUN xian-long3,c
SUN chang-qing4,d, Chen yu-li5,e
1,2,3 China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing), China
a xkdjy@126.com, b Gaoerxin@163.com, c sunlong10000@126.com, b sunchangqing@126.com,
e 981290140@qq.com
Keywords: Coal seam spontaneous combustion period, The depth of the mine, The ground temperature
Abstract: Based on the data and laboratory analysis of Sun-Cun Coal Mine, the relationship between the geothermal gradient and the depth of mine in Suncun Coal Mine has been developed.
Table 4 Ground drilling temperature Depth(m) Temperature(℃) The 1# hole The 2# hole The 3# hole The 4# hole 20 20.0 20.9 7.70 100 21.0 21.3 17.5 200 23.3 24.2 19.1 300 25.6 27.7 21.7 400 27.9 23.7 500 31.1 29.8 26.7 600 34.0 32.2 29.6 700 36.2 37.8 29.0 31.6 800 38.5 36.9 35.5 900 40.8 42.0 1000 43.5 Based on the data in the table, the linear relationship between the temperature (t) and the depth (h) has been getten.
Based on the mathematical optimization model, the experimental data of the time during on spontaneous combustion of coal as shown in Table 5.
Table 5 Experimental coal spontaneous combustion stage calculation table t(i) (K) VO2 (10-6mol/min) VCO (10-6mol/min) VCO2 (10-6mol/min) q (J/Kg·min) (m3/Kg) WP (%) (d) 289 0.3376 0 0.1510 5.8641 12.4371 0 322 0.3636 0 0.1374 5.6269 7.3945 16.0876 343 0.4835 0 0.1307 6.0376 4.2240 9.3627 368 0.5302 0 0.1222 6.0355 2.5621 0.067 7.3679 385 0.7095 0 0.1177 6.7955 1.8237 1.273 7.8373 402 1.0921 0.0037 0.1162 8.6515 1.2981 3.3431 418 1.6571 0.0090 0.1278 11.7805 0.9426 2.1505 432 4.0425 0.0148 0.1370 23.7608 0.7124 1.0319 447 8.1192 0.1268 0.2941 48.7261 0.5278 0.4881 According to the data in the table above, it can draw the curve shown in Figure 1: Figure 1 The Numerical line of spontaneous combustion As is shown in figure 1, when the depth of mine is ranging from 800 to 1000m, the changes in the slope of coal combustion stage presence steep drop trend, resulting in a distinct transition curve.
In order to further analyse quantitatively, the relationship between the mine depth and the spontaneous combustion period of coal seam has been made and the curve can be obtained by the above data.
Table 4 Ground drilling temperature Depth(m) Temperature(℃) The 1# hole The 2# hole The 3# hole The 4# hole 20 20.0 20.9 7.70 100 21.0 21.3 17.5 200 23.3 24.2 19.1 300 25.6 27.7 21.7 400 27.9 23.7 500 31.1 29.8 26.7 600 34.0 32.2 29.6 700 36.2 37.8 29.0 31.6 800 38.5 36.9 35.5 900 40.8 42.0 1000 43.5 Based on the data in the table, the linear relationship between the temperature (t) and the depth (h) has been getten.
Based on the mathematical optimization model, the experimental data of the time during on spontaneous combustion of coal as shown in Table 5.
Table 5 Experimental coal spontaneous combustion stage calculation table t(i) (K) VO2 (10-6mol/min) VCO (10-6mol/min) VCO2 (10-6mol/min) q (J/Kg·min) (m3/Kg) WP (%) (d) 289 0.3376 0 0.1510 5.8641 12.4371 0 322 0.3636 0 0.1374 5.6269 7.3945 16.0876 343 0.4835 0 0.1307 6.0376 4.2240 9.3627 368 0.5302 0 0.1222 6.0355 2.5621 0.067 7.3679 385 0.7095 0 0.1177 6.7955 1.8237 1.273 7.8373 402 1.0921 0.0037 0.1162 8.6515 1.2981 3.3431 418 1.6571 0.0090 0.1278 11.7805 0.9426 2.1505 432 4.0425 0.0148 0.1370 23.7608 0.7124 1.0319 447 8.1192 0.1268 0.2941 48.7261 0.5278 0.4881 According to the data in the table above, it can draw the curve shown in Figure 1: Figure 1 The Numerical line of spontaneous combustion As is shown in figure 1, when the depth of mine is ranging from 800 to 1000m, the changes in the slope of coal combustion stage presence steep drop trend, resulting in a distinct transition curve.
In order to further analyse quantitatively, the relationship between the mine depth and the spontaneous combustion period of coal seam has been made and the curve can be obtained by the above data.