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The paper make the service life of relieving formed milling cutter as the optimization objective, proceed the simulation study on the mechanical degree of cutter, cutting data.
The results indicate that the finite element simulation of the metal cutting processing can analyze quantitatively some physical properties, such as the cutting force, stress, strain and so on, the traditional way of qualitative analysis is changed.
The finite element simulation object of metal cutting processing is the reaearch that the relevant factors of cutting influence the working life of tool.
Mechanical model of the forming milling cutter In the paper, the research tool is the shovel teeth forming cutter which milling circular trough, the local cutting processing of forming cutter is showen the figure 1. ap is the width of the cutting layer which is ready to cut, ae is the depth of the cutting layer which is ready to cut, af is the feed per tooth. v is the feeding speed of workpiece.
The extremum problems in the milling process is discussed, the cutting layer thickness in the actual milling is a variable, the maximum is af, we should build the orthogonal cutting model, which is shown as figure 4, the setting of the cutting layer thickness chip extreme value af, it won't affect the results of problem.

Forming Mechanism of Folding Defect within Closed Die Forming Car Steering Knuckle Zhao Deying 1, a, Zhang Liandong 1, b and Sun Lina 2, c 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China 2School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China azhdy@ysu.edu.cn, bfrederic@ysu.edu.cn, clinasun_80@163.com Keywords: steering knuckle, folding defect, closed die forming, numerical simulation, experiment study Abstract.
The results show that the main factors that affect folding defects are the lower punch shape and size.
Severe working conditions require steering knuckles have mechanical property and surface quality strictly.
The main influencing factors of folding defect in car steering closed die extrusion are the shape and size of lower punch.

Fig.5 Variation curve of � under certain inputs of WA and WB Fig.6 Simulation results of lapping traces on ball surface 0 20 40 60 80 -5 0 5 10 15 ¦¤¦Ä (¦Ìm ) Spin angle( 0 ) 30 40 50 60 70 80 38 40 42 44 46 48 Viberation(dB) Load(g.force/ball) Fig.7 Relationship between � and modifying Fig.8 Relationship between vibration ball’s capacity of diameter difference ( � � ) and loads under given conditons WA/WB (rad/s) Time (s) � ( �) Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 199 Effecting Factors The two keys to globularity are affected by lots of factors expect for the motion principle of lapping process.
Some factors are listed below: Precision of Tools.
The factors, expect those mentioned above, such as the chemical and mechanical properties of slurry and pad also affect the shaping process, should be chosen properly.
Wang: Ultraprecision Manufacturing Technology Handbook (Mechanical Industry Press, China 1999)
Shi: Mechanical Technologist Vol. 8 (1995), p. 15

The chemical composition and mechanical properties are shown in Table 1 and Table 2 separately.
Table 1 Chemical composition of the 35CrMo steel (Wt.%) C Cr Mo Mn Si P S 0.32-0.40 0.80-1.10 0.15-0.25 0.40-0.70 0.17-0.37 ≤0.035 ≤0.04 Table 2 Mechanical properties of the 35CrMo steel Tensile strength σb(MPa) 0.2%Yield strength σs(MPa) Elongation δ(%) Reduction of cross-section ψ(%) Hardness HB ≥980 ≥835 ≥12 ≥45 ≤229 The specimens were machined into cylinder with a 10mm in diameter and a 15mm in height, which surface was wet ground steeply with SiC paper followed by 360#, 600#, 800# and 1200#, until the surface is smooth and bright to the standards of experiments.
In the conditions of hydro-blasting perforation, many factors affect erosion performance of the material, for example: the flow rate, spray angle, erosion time, etc.
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND ANALYSIS In the conditions of hydro-blasting perforation, many factors affect erosion performance of the material, for example: the flow rate, spray angle, erosion time, etc.
CONCLUSIONS The erosion effect of the solid-liquid mixed solution on 35CrMo steel is mainly reflecting as mechanical erosion wear, which contains 0.2% hydroxypropyl guar gum solution mixing quarts sand.

Recognizing the significant impact of springback on achieving dimensional accuracy in bending processes, researchers have actively explored several factors which affect the springback.
The material properties used were those of SS400 steel, which were identical to the material data used by Vuong et al. [13].
Accurately defining these material properties is essential for obtaining reliable simulation results.
Mechanical properties of SS400.
This suggests that the thickness of the sheet has a noticeable impact on the bending behavior, affecting both the angle and radius after springback.

Song Huijun et al [1] studied the mapping relationship of the process, function, behavior, hybrid on conceptual design; DARLINGTON MJ analyzed and explained the main factors which affected the design requirements for the formation process and the content of design [2]; Zou HuiJun et al [3] described the characteristics of the design requirements and its relationship with product features, pointed out that the design process is an important part of the Enterprise development strategic planning.
This layer is critical to part layer and parameters layer and is affected by their feedback to further improve its own structure.
Parameter layer: Describing the overall properties of the process model, the parameters which can show the advantages and disadvantages of the product is the Main modeling object.
The output properties of the product model are which this level wants to get, according to these parameters, we can judge, choose and optimization the process models of a product, and finally decide which process model is the best fit for the product.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.42 (2006) No.10 [10] W.

The bending properties of high strength precipitation-hardening AA6016-type Al alloy thin sheets in pre-aged T4P temper state were studied in this work.
Microstructural features like grain boundary particles distribution and volume fraction of the matrix strengthening phases were considered as factors controlling the mechanical properties and the fracture of this grade.
Only by providing both, homogeneous distribution of the matrix strengthening phases and a favourable grain boundary structure, the severe and often contradictory requirements for the functional properties of these alloys can be successfully satisfied.
That is why the cooling rate during quenching is the most critical parameter determinative for obtaining satisfactory fracture properties of these alloys.
However, the macro-appearance of the bend was not affected and this sample showed good hemmability.

Accurately predicting compressive strength (CS), a critical mechanical property, is crucial for ensuring these structures' optimal performance and reliability.
Cement paste, a key ingredient in concrete, is a hierarchical material that exhibits different mechanical properties at various length scales, from nanometers to micrometers [9].
One of the key factors influencing concrete compressive strength is the water-to-cement (w/c) ratio and the aggregate-to-cement (a/c) ratio [10].
These findings align with prior studies, underscoring the significant roles of age and cement content in affecting sustainable concrete mixtures' fresh and hardened properties [16].
At the same time, supplementary materials such as blast furnace slag and fly ash also play crucial roles in optimizing concrete properties.

This study was made only for the finish stages, due to the enormous importance that a good surface quality has over such important properties as, in the case of ceramic materials: corrosion, fatigue and wear resistance.
In this case, a 2 5-1 fractional factorial design, whose resolution is V, has been selected due to the number of factors considered in the study.
Design Factors and Roughness Parameters Considered.
The above-mentioned factors were selected as design factors in the present study.
As can be seen, all the factors are significant for the confidence level used.

By simply rotating the samples on each consecutive pass, therefore by changing the shear plane and the shear direction, controlling the microstructure and the texture of processed material is made possible, therefore becoming possible to control its mechanical properties [11].
Such superior mechanical properties are highly desired when manufacturing advanced structural materials.
Valiev, Microstructure and properties of pure Ti processed by ECAE and cold extrusion, Mater.
Hong, Mechanical properties and microstructures of an AZ61 Mg alloy produced by equal channel angular pressing, Scripta Mater., 47 (2002) 39-44
Fodor, Influence of ECAP routes on mechanical properties of a nanocrystalline aluminium alloy, Per.