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Its chemical composition shows in Table 1.The refined grains Table 1 Chemical composition of 1050 Al (wt %) Al Fe Si Ca Mg Cu 99.7 0.16 0.04 0.01 0.06 0.03 and initial random texture were obtained by the method of Mao [12] and Raabe et al [13].
Initial orientations and deformation textures were obtained by scanning electron microscope-electron backscatter diffraction (SEM-EBSD).This technique made it possible to determine the orientations of grains.
We assume the stress response at macroscopic continuum material point to be potentially given by one crystal or by a volume-averaged response of a set of grains comprising the respective material point [10].
In case of a multi-grain description the volume averaged stress is ()∑== N k kkw 1 σ σ (1) Where σ represents a volume average of Cauchy stress, N the number of total grains in the polycrystalline, kw the volume fraction of each crystal, and kσ the Cauchy stress in the k th crystal.
F the deformation gradient, * F an elastic part and p F a plastic part.The stress measure which is the elastic work conjugate to the strain measure )1( E is defined as ()()() T− − = ** *)1( det 1 FσFFT (5) where σ is the Cauchy stress in the single grain.

It is produced as a granular material, for which the current carrying capacity and the magnetic properties are governed by the currents flowing through the weaklinks between grains.
For this reason, it is important to study about the grain boundaries of BSCCO system that can affect the weaklink and the critical temperature.
But there were still 2201 phase, one of the types of Bi based system superconductor, with short peak at 25,88o and 29,75o.The number of the impurity phase in Pb doped samples is smaller than the impurity phase in Pb-free samples.
The Pb Bi substitution has a very important advantage of combining a high Tc with relatively clean grain boundaries and improved pinning properties [12].
The grain morphology of the partially Pb substituted sample shows clear and flaky grains with layered growth typical of (Bi,Pb)-2212 [15].

Table 1 Chemical composition of material (wt％) C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo Mg 2.9/3.6 1.3/2.2 0.4/1.2 ≤0.10 ≤0.05 0.2/1.5 2/4.5 0.6/1.3 ≥0.04 Table．2 Process parameters of laser treatment and results Number power P/(k w) beam diameters D/(mm) Laser speeds V/ (mm/s) Power density E/ (J/mm2) Surface hardness HRc Hardness layer depth h (mm) Melt region depth （mm） Phase change region depth （mm） 1 2.0 5 6.6 60 62.5 1.45 0.41 1.04 2 2.2 5 10 44 60.4 1.29 0.31 0.98 3 2.4 5 7.0 68 62.0 1.69 0.23 1.46 4 2.9 5 13.3 43 62.0 1.33 0.28 1.05 5 3.0 5 16.6 36 63.8 1.23 0.37 0.86 6 3.1 5 20 31 54.4 1.16 0.36 0.80 7 3.2 5 16.6 38 61.6 1.34 0.48 0.86 8 3.3 5 20 33 57.7 1.21 0.36 0.85 9 3.3 5 16.6 40 0.81 10 3.3 5 10 66 1.46 11 3.3 5 6.6 100 1.58 12 3.4 5 16.6 41 61.6 1.35 0.22 1.13 2.1 Microstructure The samples of the laser heat- treated through low magnification microstructure are shown in Fig.1. , which shows the crescent structures are clearly observed.
The surface of solid-fluid white band is difficult to corrode, but after deep corrosion cell grains are shown in Fig.3.
Austenite grains rapidly grow, and the Austenite grains are coarse correspondingly.
Meanwhile alloy carbon compounds are dissolved, and the amount of carbon element in the high temperature conditions is spreading rapidly, after austerization the content of carbon is relatively high, which reduces Ms, during rapid cooling martensite grow coarse, residual austenite grows more, but compared with in the melt region martensite grains are finer, martensite contents are less.
The region is deeper, martensite grains grow finer In fine Phase change region, residual carbide are obviously observed, martensite grains grow finer, the microstructure is hidden crystals martensite.

The paste consistencies are determined, and a number of cement paste specimens is prepared to measure flexural and compressive strengths at 7 and 28 days from casting.
Most importantly, it has been demonstrated that the number of viable bacteria drastically decreases over time as they are not able to survive the crystalline pressures in hardening concrete [8].
A considerable number of previous studies reported significant strength loss with various types of SAP and concentrations [18,19,22].
As the majority of cement was replaced with admixtures, most of the cement grains may have already hydrated at the beginnings of the hardening.
It implies that only a limited amount of unhydrated cement grains were available at later ages and thus no significant further increase in strengths due to internal curing was observed.

Using the finely dispersed material allow forming fine grained structure of ceramic material with high strength characteristics.
This explains the decrease of the strength characteristics of sintered ceramic material made of press-powder series number 2 and 3.
Photograph sat figure 3 show that at a compression pressure of 100 MPa failure of the specimens from the granulate № 3 occurred mainly on the grain boundaries.
Even though to completely eliminate defects such as grain boundaries appeared impossible, we can observe that they are narrow.
At the same time, compacts of the press-powder fraction composition number 3 with a higher density (2.185) compared with blanks from the press-powder number 1 (2.013 g/cm3) after sintering have lower values of strength characteristics.

Characterization of the quality of these batches was performed according to Renault standard 11-02-202/95 in terms of chemical composition and microstructural analysis. [18,19] Of the 20 batches studied, was chosen batch number 27560, which was studied in terms of microstructural analysis.
According to figure 3, we conclude that, the analyzed batch (number 27560) falls in terms of the depth of decarburized layer [19].
Magnification: x 300 Fig. 4 The microstructural analysis: austenitic grain size hereditary (score 7) Attack: Nital 2%.
Magnification: x 100 Figure 4 shows hereditary austenitic grain size, determined in conditions of temperature and time, the finished parts, respectively cementation 950oC, 10 hours.
After that the sample remains still in the oven, in hot air (9500C) for 20 minutes for oxidation of the boundaries of grains, after that the sample is removed from the oven.

Influence of the content of DHPA on properties of polyurethane emulsion and film were analyzed .The results show that obtained emulsion were multivariate distribution in particle size and were spherical particles by measurement of grain size and electron microscopic photo.
In the photographs(a)  particle diameter of latex is larger and very uneven, large gaps between particles, between particles and sticky little apparent phenomenon. photographs (b) particle size of the  latex was smaller, denserparticles and the number of particles per unit volume is significantly increased, compared with the former apparently solid content has increased. which further validates the previous conclusions.
Fig.2 shows that , with the increased use of DHPA emulsion viscosity increased significantly , This is because the amount of the hydrophilic group , the more the greater the number of particles , the smaller the particle size, the average distance between the particles is smaller. 
Influence of the content of DHPA on properties of polyurethane emulsion and film were analyzed .The results show that obtained emulsion were multivariate distribution in particle size and were spherical particles by measurement of grain size and electron microscopic photo.

The mobility mainly depends on the mechanism by which the carriers are scattered by lattice imperfections, e.g. ionised impurity scattering and grain boundary scattering [1].
In our results, the grain boundary scattering plays a predominant part.
Therefore, increasing RF power makes grains bigger in size and defects and grain boundaries less in number, this induced a decreasing grain boundary scattering and finally increases the Hall mobility [1, 10, 11].
In our research, the AZO films deposited at 170W were suitable for etching perhaps due to its appropriate compactness and the right size of grains of the surface.

The number of labor-day is used to represent labor, and the power of machinery is used to reflect the technology.
The annual average data per unit of land for three main grain products (rice, wheat and maize) are used for simulation.
The average grain output per unit of land (y) in 2008 is 436.60 kg/mu, and its average price (p) is 1.671 yuan/kg.
The output elasticity is 0.056, which shows that the fertilizer input will still bring about more grain output.
“Analysis on the Effect of Fertilizer Use on Grain Production”.

It can be observed that the bimodal microstructure of TC11 alloy consists of equiaxed primary αp phase and lamellar secondary αs grains distributed in a transformed β matrix.
The lathy α phase were precipitated on β boundaries continuously and throughout the grain internal as shown in Fig.2b.
Some parts of lamellar α grains are paralleled to one another, forming the clusters with certain angel between crystal boundaries and it.
The thick lamellar α phase grains are paralleled in terms of certain orientation.
The more α phase is formed, the faster the ν is, because the coordination number of packed hexagonal α phase is greater than that in body-centered cubic beta phase.