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Materials' Properties Ceramic half-space is assumed as elastic materials, functionally gradient layer and metal half-space is assumed to behave as viscoplastic.
Table1: The properties of matrix and ceramic [5] Material Elastic mudulus(GPa) Possion ratio Density (kg/m3) 0ε& (s-1) m Matrix 70GPa 0.3 2800 1.4655×105 0.0445 Ceramic 420GPa 0.17 3200 - - The viscoplastic behavior of composite materials is estimated by Li and Ramesh [5, 13] with the properties of pure ceramic and pure metal.
Liu: Journal of Sound and Vibration Vol. 251 (2002), p. 783
[11] Li Ma, Lin-Zhi Wu and Zhen-Gong Zhou: International Journal of Engineering Science Vol. 42 (2004), p.187
Kouzeli: Materials Science and Engineering A Vol.337 (2002), p.202.

These materials have the combination of properties, like strength, corrosive resistance, light weight, etc., which is not easy to obtain general [3].
References [1] Sanjeev Kumar, Uma Batra, "Surface modification of die steel materials by EDM method using tungsten powder-mixed dielectric" Journal of Manufacturing Processes 14 (2012) 35–40
Tee, Near-mirror-finish phenomenon in EDM using powder-mixed dielectric, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 79 (1998) 30–40
Journal of Materials Processing Technology 79 (1998) 30-40
Journal of Applied Sciences 12 (10) (2012) 999-1005.

Materials and methods Materials Lingwu long jujube were harvested personally from Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region (China) and selected for their uniformity of shape and size.
Technol. 19 (2000), 17 - 32 [8] Miller D D, Schricker B R, Rasmussen R R, et al., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Vol. 34 (1981), p. 2248 - 2256 [9] Singleton V L, Rossi J A, American Journal of Enology and Viticultrue.
[12] George S, Brat P, Alter P, et al., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
Vol. 53 (2005), p. 1370 - 1373 [13] Rein D, Lotito S, Holt R R, et al., Journal of Nutrition Vol. 130 (2000), p. 2109 - 2114 [14] Parr A J, Bolwell G P, Journal of Science and Food Agriculture Vol.80 (2000), p. 985 – 1012 [15] Gil-Izquierdo, A., Gil, M.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Vol. 49 (2001), p. 1035 - 1041

Laser Cladding of Ni-based Alloy on Mg alloy with Brass Transition He Qingkun1, a, Cui Hongzhi1, b, Huang Shaohua2, Sun Jinquan1, Yang Hongguang1 and Li Yongfeng1 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China 2General Electromechanical Factory, China University of Petroleum, Dongying 257061, China aqingkunhe@sina.com, bcuihongzhi1965@163.com Keywords: Laser cladding; Magnesium alloy; Brass transition; Ni-based Alloy Abstract.
In addition, the corrosion potential (Ecorr) of the sample was much higher than that of untreated materials.
Wear resistance and corrosion potential of the treated materials are greatly improved.
The corrosion potential (Ecorr) of the laser-clad Ni60 sample was much higher than that of brass transition and untreated materials.
Journal, Vol. 35 (2008), p. 1766

Bourell: Materials and Design, Vol. 20 (1999), No. 2-3, pp.115
Ferreira: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 155-156 (2004), No.1-3, pp.1111 [3] J.
Rabinovich: Advanced Materials and Processes, Vol. 161 (2003), No. 1, pp.47 [4] J.
Froes: Journal of the Minerals Metals & Materials Society, Vol. 52(2000).
Kovacevic: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 148(2004), No. 1, pp.93 [10] W.

(5) From the stress diagram it can be easily noted that the stress value at main journal and connecting rod journal in also low.
Material Alternative.
The major crankshaft materials currently used are forged steel, nodular cast iron, structural steel and austempered ductile iron.
Second international Conference on Information Engineering and Computer Science, IEEE 2010, pp.1-4
Rezel: Alternative materials for the manufacture of Automobile Components.

Inside of these, being matrix materials, aluminum, magnesium, and titanium have been widely used.
CASETEP module is based on the theory of quantum mechanics, which uses density functional theory (DFT) to study the characters of materials.
The production and application of metal matrix composites materials[J].Journal of materials processing technology,2000,106:58-67 [2] Qian D, Dickey EC, Andrews R etc.
Composites science and Technology 63(2003): 1655-1661 [4] Iijima S, Brabec C, Maiti A, etc.
An effective inclusion model for effective moduli of heterogeneous materials with ellipsoidal inhomogeneities[J].

Badawia Faculty of Science, Physics Department, El- Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt aemadbadawi@yahoo.com Keywords: Al Alloys, Grain Size, Plastic Deformation, Positron Annihilation Lifetime, XRD Abstract Certain radioactive isotopes decay by emitting positrons, and the positrons can be used to probe the structure of solid materials.
Grain boundaries in materials posses a more open structure than the perfect crystal as shown by Seeger and Schottky [9].
Anderson, Science, 76 (1932) 238
Abis: Materials Science Forum, 175[1] (1995) 351 [18] Emad Badawi, M.
Ramadan, Turkish Journal of Physics, 24 (2000) 543-550

New materials are the pillar, driving force and precursor in the hi-tech development.
Agert: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, (2001) 66(1-4), p.541-550
Kayali: Materials Science and Engineering, (2006) 131(1-3), p. 94-99
Hupkes: Journal of Applied Physicd, (2004) 95, p.1911
Mir: Materials Science and Engineering C, (2008), 28(5-6), p. 613- 617.

Use 20CrMnTi as the material of gears.
It is beneficial to increase the initial strength of the materials for the improvement of the holistic transmission reliability.
[9] Lili,Liyang Xie,Xuehong He.Strength Degradation Law of Metallicmaterial[J],Journal of Mechanical Strength,2010,32(6):967-971
[10] Fanzhong Meng, Shuxin Xu,Jinchang.Research on Distribution Function of Fatigue Strength of Roller Chain Material [J] ,Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 1996.2 [11]Xie Liyang.Reliability Design[M],Beijing:Higher Education Press,2012,50 [12]Wangzheng,Kangrui, Liyang Xie.
Reliability Modeling of Systems with Dependent Failure when the Life Measured by the Number of Loadings[J],Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46 (6):188-194