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Limited literature data on high-chromium martensitic steels have encouraged the Author to take up the subject matter related to those materials [5, 6].
The calculations and analysis of the phase equilibrium stability and the numerical simulation of solidification of the examined cast steel was made using the thermodynamic data included in THERMOCALC (TCW) data bases.
According to the data [8], the NbC carbides precipitating in the final coagulation phase can also be the cause of increase in the cast’s brittleness.
Austenitizing of GP91 cast steel within the range of temperatures: 1040 ÷ 1100 oC has contributed to the austenite grain size reduction compared to the as-cast state.
Grain size reduction has a favourable effect on mechanical properties of the cast steel in two opposite directions: at the same time it raises the yield strength and impact energy, and raises the ductility transition temperature, too.

Method and Data Method.
Data.
Research data is mainly selected from 2001-2013 “Hunan Statistical Yearbook”, 2001-2013 “China Energy Statistical Yearbook” and “Hunan Energy Statistical Yearbook 2005-2010”.
It means that, in the future it is difficult to achieve reduction in Hunan Province total carbon emissions.
To further analyze the change of industries carbon emissions growth, the data in Table 2 plotted to graph.

It is well known that increasing the average number of teeth in contact leads to exclusion or reduction of the vibration amplitude.
Moreover, in order to get a further vibration reduction, HCR gear profiles can be optimized.
According to results of different gear pair measurements, reduction of noise was optimal in HCR gearing with a contact ratio εα = 2.
Then for case-hardened teeth, the inequality becomes: (33) And, after rearranging: (34) A similar expression is valid for the unit addendum height : (35) Optimization of HCR Gear Geometry For optimization of the HCR gear geometry, the following data was used - number of pinion teeth: z1 = 21, number of wheel teeth: z2 = 51, module: mn = 4 mm, modified centre distance: aw = 144 mm, pressure angle: an = 20° = π/9 rad, and helix angle: β = 0°.
Its overall accuracy depends on the input data, and the user has to spend a significant amount of time to obtain the required contact ratio.

This challenge results form the expression of the thermal stability factor (kB – the Boltzmann’s constant; T – temperature), which is required to reach at least a value of 60…70 for a stable data storage.
Regarding the media, a thermal design was used to produce the heating and cooling of the media within a very short time, about 1 ns, in order to achieve the desired data rate and generate a large thermal gradient for sharp bit edge definition.
In other words, the novelty of the HAMR technology consists in the extreme reduction of spatial and temporal scales.
In this last case the mismatch of FePt alloy and intermediate layer gets to lattice strain, thus permitting a reduction of the necessary ordering temperature.
In this case, data bits are written on litographically patterned magnetic dots that behave as single-domains.

A final θ/2θ scan is taken with the glass slit to result in the data observed in Figure 12.
Data from SRM 660a are fit with TOPAS using the split pseudo-Voigt profile shape function.
The step width was chosen to include at least eight data points above the FWHM.
The total data collection time was 40 hours.
A clear trend in these data is apparent that calls for modeling.

The experimental data and their subsequent processing represent the original contribution of the authors to the estimation of polytropic exponents and to the assessment in terms of structure of the calculus relation of the cutting tool wear.
Mechanical characteristics (at 200 C) Stainless steel Tensile strength Rm [MPa] Flowing limit R02 [MPa] Elongation A [%] Hardness [HB] X15CrNiSi20-12 710 270 28 223 Experimental Results and Obtained Data Processing The technical literature [9], provided the Eq. 1, which has been the starting point in the analysis of the cutting tool wear for drilling:
Diameter D [mm] Feed f [mm/rot] Rotation n [rot/min] Speed v [m/min] Cutting time t [min] Tool wear VB [mm] 1 16 0.12 450 22.61 18.52 3.44 2 20 0.12 280 17.58 29.76 1.37 3 20 0.20 280 17.58 17.86 1.67 4 12 0.12 355 13.38 23.47 0.93 5 16 0.20 450 22.61 11.11 4.19 6 20 0.32 280 17.58 11.16 1.99 7 20 0.12 355 22.29 23.47 2.77 If the data of the first five experiments from the Table 3 are substituted in the Eq. 2, then a linear inhomogeneous system of five equations with five unknowns (x, y, z, w, lg CVB) is obtained:
(4) The data of the last two experiments, included in the Table 3, allow the verification of the calculus Eq. 4.
Conclusions The experimental data and their processing represent the contribution of the authors to the estimation of the polytropic exponents from the formula of the cutting tool wear on the tool putting surface at drilling of the stainless steel X15CrNiSi20-12.

From the data collected from furfural on different Ni loading Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for selective hydrogenation, the activity of the catalyst increased when the Ni loading increase.
As 10% Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst showed the highest selectivity of furfuryl alcohol, so we study catalytic performance under different the calcination temperature, reduction temperature and the reaction temperature.
Catalyst reduction temperature and the reaction temperature increases, resulting in the increased activity and selectivity decreased.
By virtue of X-ray diffraction and temperature procedures reduction, the activity of the catalyst were evaluated and discussed [11]
CoNiB amorphous alloy Yaling Sun prepares CoNiB amorphous alloy catalyst by chemical reduction [12]

The workpiece temperature was measured using a K-type thermocouple with a data acquisition (DAQ) system connected to a computer as shown in Fig 2(a).
The thickness reduction of the stir zone is lower than that of base material as shown in Fig. 3(e, m) in case of larger plunge depth and due to improper backing support.
(h) (d) (c) (g) (b) Lack of Surface filling AS (f) Thickness reduction Microcrack Stir zone TMAZ Stir zone TMAZ voids TMAZ Cavity Pores voids voids (Al)AS AS AS RS AS RS AS AS AS RS AS AS AS RS AS RS AS AS AS RS Flash Voids Worm hole Microcrack Root defects Fig. 3 Microscopic image of weld cross-section of the FSW joint with AA2017- PC.
In general, the reduction in grain size would increase the hardness at the weld interface.
It is observed that the Al was only transported towards the PC and no significant mixing of material occurred at the stir zone, which resulted in a reduction of hardness value at the stir zone.

The peak broadening represents a reduction in crystallite size and an inducement of strain in the milled powder particles.
The true stress versus true strain curves evaluated from the force-displacement data obtained in the compression tests for the TiAl-based composites are shown in Fig. 4 for the as-HIPed and annealed conditions of the synthesized composites. 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 40h milled powder of Ti58-Al30-Si6-C6 at% H1-40 Heat Flow Temperature (o C) Fig. 2: DSC pattern of 40h milled powder of 58Ti-30Al-6Si-6C (at%). 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � Ti(s.s
However, the specimen tested at 800°C did not fracture even after a true strain of 1.05 (approximately 65% reduction in height).
At this temperature, the flow stress increased rapidly followed by continuous reduction as the strain increased that resulted in a single broad peak.
The solubility between different elements was enhanced by mechanical alloying, and further milling caused reduction in grain size.

Nanocrack strength reduction Quantized Fracture Mechanics.
Analogously, the presence of a nanocrack will cause a strength reduction with respect to the ideal material strength Cσ , that can be evaluated using QFM [15-18] from: ( ) IC qa a I KdaaK q =∫ + 21
From eq. (8) the crack depth can be estimated by measuring the strength reduction ( Ct σσ − ), as we discuss in the following section, whereas its position can be assumed at the fractured crosssection.
With accurate nanowire geometry and resonance frequency data, the Young's moduli of the nanowires were calculated according to eq. (1).
Note that a small defect can cause a large strength reduction, due to stressconcentration/intensification.