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In addition, due to limitations in computing power as well as the complexity of temperature dependent material properties, several assumptions were required to allow for the FE model to converge.
The strain gauges were placed on the side arm and middle arm (see Figure 1) to determine how the varying wall thickness would affect the development of residual strain.
Although the results presented in the current study and in [18] provide valuable data regarding stress development in castings, the studies are limited by the precision of the applied techniques (i.e. strain gauges and thermal imaging) as well as the accuracy of the temperature dependent material properties.
Dong, Influence of quenching cooling rate on residual stress and tensile properties of 2A14 aluminum alloy forgings, Materials Science & Engineering A, 674 (2016) 658-665 [20] J.
Byczynski, The effects of solidification cooling rates on the mechanical properties of an aluminum inline-6 engine block, Light Metals Aluminum Alloys, Processing and Characterization - Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys, (2019) 505–512

The weak point of this polymers is a non-negative effect of water (sorption or formed during processing into products) on the thermal and physico-mechanical properties.
It is the processes of thermohydrolysis that noticeably worsen the physical and mechanical properties of the obtained products.
This behavior indicates the crosslinking of PPSePP even before they are processed into products, which leads to a deterioration in their physical and mechanical properties and processability.
Nevertheless, physico-mechanical properties and processing conditions are noticeably deteriorating.
Nazabal, Processability, morphology and mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced poly(ether sulfone) modified by a liquid crystalline copolyester, Polymer composites. 24 (2003) 686-696

And then, based on the forecast results, the interval of the groundwater correction factor K1, main strike-dip of structural surfaces correction factor K2, the initial stress state influence correction factor K3, which affected basic quality indicator of surrounding rock BQ were divided.
As an important branch of underground engineering, it is susceptible to all kinds of natural and man-maid disaster, which may cause a serious loss of life and property.
This paper made use of geological advanced prediction combining with engineering geology method to measure the change of rock elasticity wave velocity, in order to confirm three parameters which affect BQ, and then BQ could be corrected, so that the surrounding rock classification during construction period could be done.
Modifying BQ according to the geological exploration material, get revised basic quality indicator of surrounding rock [BQ], which could be calculated as below: (2) Where K1 is the groundwater correction factor, K2 is main strike-dip of structural surfaces correction factor, K3 is the initial stress state influence correction factor.
Fig 4 Ipsilateral oscillograph Fig 5 Oscillograph of the opposite side By the reason of the interference wave caused by explosion, author considered the similar and evenly distributed wave to be interference wave, which was similar with end effect in rock mechanical test.

The mechanical properties of bamboo culms are better than ordinary wood, and bamboo culms have good flexibility and toughness.
Marco Invernici[5] applied a finite element method to analyze the original bamboo beams mechanical properties.
The mechanical properties of bamboo culms test methods include: bamboo culms axial compressive strength test, tensile strength test, parallel to the bamboo culms axis shear strength test.
:Bamboo / poplar Composites bond performance and its influencing factors.Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, China 2009 [7] Zhao X.S.: Based on ANSYS Software bamboo surface compression process analysis.
:Building mechanical properties of tensile strength parallel to the grain bamboo Test Method.

The choice of an optimal method depends on factors such as welded materials, joint geometry, and the welding process.
Factors affecting eddy current response.
A number of factors affect the eddy current result from the probe.
The main factors are material conductivity, permeability, frequency, and geometry.
However, it is affected by different factors such as material composition,heat treatment, and work hardening.

In the factors of affecting the slope stability or contributing landslide, the main internals are poor engineering geology conditions and rock structure conditions.
They also can reflect and refract in the elastic properties of different medium interfaces.
When the medium of the composition, structure and density and other factors vary, the sound velocity also will change as the variations.
This conclusion provided evidence for the fractures constructs and fluid properties near the detecting wells.
A Preliminary Laboratory Experiment on Detection of Near-borehole Fractures andtheir Fluid Properties.

After coating process, its properties of focusing neutron beam were measured.
Mirror is a major element part of the neutron optical device, for instance, the designed form and the surface quality of focusing neutron mirror is a main factor affecting the performance of the neutron optical device.
Quartz has excellent optical properties and thus it is often used as the material of mirror and lens.
Experimental results The form accuracy and surface roughness of the mirror affects its optical properties.
The measuring results of the optical properties were reflecting rate 42%, gain 1.9 and 2.3mm×10.1mm beam focused to 1.6mm×2.1mm.

Historic structures are made of different types of masonry with significantly different properties.
As a rule the information on mechanical properties of masonry components has to be obtained by testing.
Due to large variability, material properties are commonly assessed on the basis of tests.
To enhance estimates of fk and fd, a simplified probabilistic model of masonry strength f is proposed here (considering Section 3.2 of [5]): f = K (θfb fb)α (θfm fm)β, (3) where θ = uncertainty in estimation of the mean strength by a test method (possibly using appropriate conversion factors).
Lawrence, Model Error, Structural Reliability and Partial Safety Factors for Structural Masonry in Compression, Masonry International. 20 (2007) 107-116

This paper focuses on the properties of HSC columns confined by AFRP sheets under axial compression.
A summary of the mechanical properties of the AFRP composites is presented in Table 1, where tf is thickness of AFRP (mm), Ef is elastic modulus of AFRP (MPa) and is Poisson ratio of AFRP.
Fig. 1 AFRP-confined square concrete columns Fig. 2 AFRP-confined circular concrete columns Table 1 Mechanical Properties of AFRP Type of AFRP tf (mm) Ef (MPa) νf AFS-60 0.286 118000 0.33 Non-repeatability is the system quieting different degree when the system inputs are successive multiple measured in complete measuring range at one direction and is described as fractional error in percent [12]
Table 4 Mechanical properties of circular concrete column Type of AFRP d (mm) Ec (MPa) νc C50 100 34500 0.167 According to Eq. (5), the theoretical value under strong constraint of AFRP can be attained
Bisby: Factors affecting the ultimate condition of FRP-wrapped concrete columns, Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 17, no. 1 (2013), p. 67-78 [4] K.

Introduction Reinforced concrete gets great attention for excellent mechanical properties and good economy since the 1850s.However, the steel corrosion seriously affects the durability of concrete structure.
The influencing factors, such as water-cement ratio of concrete, crack form, covering thickness, environmental temperature, humidity, carbonization and Clˉ concentration, O2ˉ concentration is the crucial factor for the steel corrosion.
Oxygen Diffusion Coefficients in Concrete and its Influencing Factors Theory of oxygen diffusion coefficient in concrete.
Influencing Factors of Oxygen Diffusion Coefficients in Concrete.
The water–binder ratio of concrete is the main factor that affects the pore structure of concrete, which determines the oxygen diffusion speed in concrete.