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Previous study reportedbetween 60 to 65 percent reduction in compressive strength of conventional concrete blocks when the fine aggregate has eliminated 100 percent from the mixed [3].
The data indicated in Fig. 2 clearly show that the compressive strength of PCPB increased higher from 7 days to 28 days, as the PCPB matured.
However, result displayed a systematic reduction in compressive strength at 7 days and 28 days with the increase of CA size.
The reason for the strength reduction could be attribute by increasing amount of voids inside the blocks.Other reason that can be related to the results in reduction of compressive strength of the PCPB with CA 8 – 10 compared to PCPB with CA 5 – 8is the actual loading area.
There is a systematic reduction in the compressive strength of the blocks when the coarse aggregate is open graded aggregate and the size increases.

A slight increase in plasticity, such as elongation and reduction in area, occurred for the tempered cross-welded specimens.
Table 2 Results of the tensile tests for as-welded and different PWHTs specimens Condition 0.2% yield strength σ0.2 Tensile strength σb Elongation δ Reduction in area Ψ Fracture location [MPa ] [ MPa] [ %] [ %] As-welded 480.71 596.2 18.6 29.62 weld metal 580°C 473.41 594.2 19.6 32.98 weld metal 620°C 461.6 573.8 22.4 31.09 weld metal Base metal ∼500 620~750 ≥19.0 Table 3 Results of the impact tests of HAZ in as-welded condition and after two different PWHTs Condition as-welded PWHT at 580°C PWHT at
That is, when the dissolved hydrogen sulfide becomes higher, more hydrogen ion is ionized, which will accelerate the rate of oxidation-reduction reaction and generate more hydrogen atoms.
From the data listed in table 4, it can be seen that F (A) decreases and time to fracture increases with increase in the temperature of PWHT at the same concentration H2S solution, which may be attributed to improvement of HAZ microstructure and reduction of the welding residual stress near HAZ by PWHT.
Brittle fracture without a significant reduction in area was markedly identified.

Another important modification in this steel grade is the reduction of carbon content, leading to improved weldability and reducing the brittle characteristic of electrical discharge machined surfaces [1].
Meanwhile, the data about cutting force component was acquired with the aid of a piezoelectric cutting force dynamometer provided by Kistler 9443B with Kistler 5070A amplifier.
During turning operation in the steel M2 was observed the increase in cutting forces with the reduction in the amount of hard inclusions, but reduction of abrasive wear.
· The reductions in size and the total volume of hard inclusions, by reductions in concentrations of titanium and nitrogen content, are an alternative way to improve machinability

PES-NH2 was synthesized by reduction of the synthesized PES-NO2 using SnCl2.2H2O.
The synthesis of PES-NH2 was performed in two stages, which were nitration and reduction reactions.
NaI serves as a strong electrolyte to help the oxidation reduction reaction.
Reduction reaction scheme of PES-NO2 to form PES-NH2 Fig. 8.
The determination of enzyme activity of supernatant solutions after immobilization of lipase onto polymers Solution A C pNP [mM] %Yields of pNP Activity [mmol/mL/ sec] Free enzyme 0.156 2.061 20.609 457.998 Supernatant of PES-enzyme 0.143 1.896 18.958 421.290 Supernatant of PES-NH2-enzyme 0.023 0.371 3.710 82.451 The data shown in Table 1 indicated that each supernatant had a different concentration of pNP due to the different amounts of the remaining enzyme contained in supernatant.

The total reduction rate was 83.3% and the reduction of every pass was 7, 7, 4, 2 mm, respectively.
After pickling, the hot rolled sheet was cold rolled to 0.9 mm, and the total reduction ratio of cold rolling was 77.5%.
After the measurement, the data are analyzed with the software of the system, and the OIM diagram is obtained.
The reduction of {001}<110> and {112}<110> texture and the increase of γ-fiber were all beneficial to deep drawing performance.
The α-fiber and γ-fiber were further strengthened with the increase of the reduction rate during cold rolling.

The numerical simulation model was verified with experimental data, by investigating the precipitation regime parameters influencing the infiltration process in the covering soil, and the simulation results showed that the precipitation model may significantly affect the infiltration process and the total infiltration.
From equality of the two flow rates, results the necessary transmissivity of the drainage layer qreq: (m2/s) (4) leading to the design transmissivity qallow by applying a correction factor: (5) where: fb – the minimum factor of safety against slippage for the interfaces soil/drainage layer or drainage layer/geomembrane; fin – reduction factor due to intrusions; fcr – reduction factor due to long-term loading (creep); fcc – reduction factor due to chemical clogging; fbc reduction factor due to biological clogging.
Hydrological flow has the following expression: (16) where: m - reduction coefficient that takes into account storage capacity on ditches and canals (m = 0.8 for t < 40 minutes, m = 0.9 for t > 40 minutes); S – the surface of reception basin (ha); F - runoff coefficient (eg.

The FTIR data clearly reveals that the crosslinking agent enhances the adhesion behaviour of silica nanoparticles on the surface of the fibres/fabrics.
From the earlier studies, it was found that the acidity of polycarboxylic acid has a significant effect on the reduction Conc. of SiO2 (%) owf * Tensile strength Tearing strength Air permeability (cc/s) Crease recovery angle Whiteness index Strength in kg % Strength retention Strength in kg % Strength retention 0 86.2 100 11.84 100 3.62 44.8 128.92 2 71.9 83.41 15.44 130.40 5.22 52 122.36 4 69.7 80.85 16.88 142.56 5.32 58 111.51 6 72.4 83.99 16.72 141.21 4.80 61.4 115.42 Fig. 5 SEM images of cotton fabric c) 6 % nano silica coated cotton fabrics a) uncoated cotton fabrics b) 2 % nano silica coated cotton fabrics in tensile strength of the treated cotton fabrics [14].
The results given in Table 2 represent the percentage reduction in the number of Colony forming Unit (CFU) by the coated fabrics with respect to the initial number of bacterial count.
Table 2 Percentage of antibacterial reduction for nanosilica coated fabrics * Colony Forming Unit The initial bacterial count has been significantly reduced in the mixture containing nano silica coated fabric.
The above effect is due to the physicochemical properties of silica nanoparticles that cause lethal effect to the bacteria by generating an Sample Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli Mean values of CFU * Antibacterial reduction (%) Mean values of CFU * Antibacterial reduction (%) Initial 18 - 98 - After treatment 14 22 % 83 15 % unfavourable environment [15].

Data obtained from the crosslink density measurement were used to evaluate the effectiveness of hydroxyacetone as a novel activator for tert-buthyl hyroperoxide in prevulcanization of natural rubber latex.
As the antioxidant was absent in the films, the sciccion reactions occurred more rapidly, as reflected in reduction of tensile strength values.
For the M500 values, addition of antioxidants prior to dipping process lead to reduction in M500 values, but addition of antioxidants during prevulcanization increasing the M500 values.
The reduction of tensile strength of the films was due to thermal-oxidative reactions, causing the deterioration of the strength of the samples [8].
In contrast, tensile strength of peroxide-vulcanized natural rubber latex films prepared with addition Irganox 1502® increased after ageing with a reduction in M500.

By present, a considerable amount of new research data and experience in this field has been accumulated at the institute [8,9].
The methodology of a further decrease of the grain size down to the nanoscale is based on a stepby-step reduction of the temperature of deformation.
If one processes the sample on the next step without a reduction of a 200 µm b 20 µm b c а temperature, material would get in a state of superplastic flow that increases the uniformity of microstructure but prevents a further reduction of the grain size.
Meantime, reduction of temperature of deformation maintaining the strain rate allows a further refinement of the microstructure.
Thus, the multiple isothermal forging with a step-by-step reduction of temperature enables the grain refinement in material down to the nanoscale carefully avoiding its failure.

The role of two strengthening mechanisms - dislocation accumulation and grain reduction - is highlighted.
The results of phenomenological modeling of the monotonic and cyclic response of ultra-fine grain metals are presented in terms of dislocation kinetics and a satisfactory agreement with experimental data is demonstrated.
It seems not possible to give a comprehensive answer to this question today because of apparent deficiency of systematic experimental data on the mechanical behavior of these materials.
However, in view of rapidly growing interest to this topic, it may be timely to make a brief survey of presently available experimental data and to overview possible implications related to the mechanisms of plastic flow and mechanical degradation of UFG SPD metals.
Reasonably good fitting of experimental stress-strain data has been obtained.