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Online since: September 2011
Authors: Chao Jun Chen, Yin Bo Zhou, Yao Zhi Huang
Introduction
The rapid reduction of the quantity of rural residents and rural settlements is the irreversible phenomenon in the course of urbanization and industrialization.
Urbanization results in the reduction of rural settlements and population.
The data of Suzhou in 2010 show that the total amount of the primary industry output as a percentage of the total GDP is less than 2%, but there are 3.57 million people who depend on agriculture to feed themselves.
It is a complex factor integration As such, we need to break it down to the following three steps:1. to research the quantity and the change of distribution method, based on the change of lifestyle of rural residents in the process of urbanization and the inevitable trend of the reduction of the number of rural residents ;2. to analyze the effects of rural residential cluster from the perspective of urban-rural integration, and then obtain the relevant factor integration which influences the way rural residential settlements form; 3. to compare and contrast factors obtained from the first and second items with development goals, including the maintenance and nurturing of the agricultural industry, the integration of spatial resources, the cultural heritage from the farming tradition, the protection of local geographical landscape and so on.
Urbanization results in the reduction of rural settlements and population.
The data of Suzhou in 2010 show that the total amount of the primary industry output as a percentage of the total GDP is less than 2%, but there are 3.57 million people who depend on agriculture to feed themselves.
It is a complex factor integration As such, we need to break it down to the following three steps:1. to research the quantity and the change of distribution method, based on the change of lifestyle of rural residents in the process of urbanization and the inevitable trend of the reduction of the number of rural residents ;2. to analyze the effects of rural residential cluster from the perspective of urban-rural integration, and then obtain the relevant factor integration which influences the way rural residential settlements form; 3. to compare and contrast factors obtained from the first and second items with development goals, including the maintenance and nurturing of the agricultural industry, the integration of spatial resources, the cultural heritage from the farming tradition, the protection of local geographical landscape and so on.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Ping Sun, De Qing Mei, Qi Min Wu, Zhen Chen
However, these methods which facilitate NOx reduction may cause the increase of particulate matter.
To optimize the PM and NOx emissions simultaneously, micro-emulsified biodiesel is adopted which combines the strength of biodiesel in PM reduction and the benefit of micro-emulsion fuel in the decrease of NOx.
The engine experimental data are acquired at the rated speed of 2900r/min by varying loads (10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%).
And the low aromatics content of biodiesel is another reason for soot reduction (According to soot formation theory, the aromatics especially the polycyclic aromatic in fuel is considered as the precursors of soot formation[2]).
To optimize the PM and NOx emissions simultaneously, micro-emulsified biodiesel is adopted which combines the strength of biodiesel in PM reduction and the benefit of micro-emulsion fuel in the decrease of NOx.
The engine experimental data are acquired at the rated speed of 2900r/min by varying loads (10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%).
And the low aromatics content of biodiesel is another reason for soot reduction (According to soot formation theory, the aromatics especially the polycyclic aromatic in fuel is considered as the precursors of soot formation[2]).
Online since: January 2016
Authors: Suet Peng Yong, J.S. Pau, William K.S. Pao, Paras Qadir Memon
Currently, there is still not many data on CO2/brine system relative permeability models for various rock types [6, 7].
The hybrid system of eqn. (5) is solved by implementing Schur Complement Reduction, for detailed derivation, readers are directed to [14].
MPM 7 Days 183 Days 365 Days 730 Days BC VG BC VG BC VG BC VG R2 0.963 0.989 0.783 0.939 0.567 0.875 0.057 0.993 *MPM = Model Performance Measure, PRESS = predicted error sum of squares, MSE = mean square error During the simulation, it was discovered that SRM has reduced the simulation time greatly, with an 8.3 time (when compared to BC) and 5.4 time (when compared to VG) reduction for 2 years simulation.
Because of the significant computational time reduction and satisfactory prediction accuracy, the SRM model is recommended for a 1 year prediction of CO2 flow in preliminary study.
The hybrid system of eqn. (5) is solved by implementing Schur Complement Reduction, for detailed derivation, readers are directed to [14].
MPM 7 Days 183 Days 365 Days 730 Days BC VG BC VG BC VG BC VG R2 0.963 0.989 0.783 0.939 0.567 0.875 0.057 0.993 *MPM = Model Performance Measure, PRESS = predicted error sum of squares, MSE = mean square error During the simulation, it was discovered that SRM has reduced the simulation time greatly, with an 8.3 time (when compared to BC) and 5.4 time (when compared to VG) reduction for 2 years simulation.
Because of the significant computational time reduction and satisfactory prediction accuracy, the SRM model is recommended for a 1 year prediction of CO2 flow in preliminary study.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Qing Song Zhang
Solutions to cracks on lightweight concrete hollow block wall
Solutions to cracks on lightweight concrete hollow block wall mainly consist of the following aspects:
(1) In the production of lightweight concrete hollow block attention must be paid to these aspects: improvement of block performance, reduction of coefficient of shrinkage; use of rigid concrete and coarse aggregate and reduction of water cement ratio during the building block process, enforcement of vibration in the production process to make blocks more dense, guarantee of maintenance period out of factory not less than 28 days; guarantee of the block to keep dry and reach the moisture content standard; use of advanced technology, reduction of shrinkage value, improvement of shear strength of the block
I gratefully acknowledge the Building Material Laboratory of Anhui and Huaihe River Water Resources Research Institute for providing valuable data.
I gratefully acknowledge the Building Material Laboratory of Anhui and Huaihe River Water Resources Research Institute for providing valuable data.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Shi Gong Long, Han Wen Yang
DiVinE is a modern explicit-state and asynchronous system model checking tool for LTL properties, building on high-performance algorithms and data structures.
Dynamic partial-order reduction for model checking software.
Efficient stateful dynamic partial order reduction.
Symmetry reduction for probabilistic model checking using generic representatives.
Dynamic partial-order reduction for model checking software.
Efficient stateful dynamic partial order reduction.
Symmetry reduction for probabilistic model checking using generic representatives.
Online since: November 2014
Authors: Alias Mohd Yusof, Hadi Nur, Nur Nadira Sulaiman
Percentage of DMA Concentration Reduction
Results from UV-Vis analysis show similarities to the trends observed from GF-AAS results.
From UV-Vis data obtained, it shows that the ability of TiO2-ZSM5-SH to degrade DMA is better as compared to ZnO-ZSM5-SH.
The concentration of DMA decreasing as time but the optimum time for best reduction of DMA concentration is 1.5 h.
As time is prolong, the percentage of DMA concentration reduction decreased.
From UV-Vis data obtained, it shows that the ability of TiO2-ZSM5-SH to degrade DMA is better as compared to ZnO-ZSM5-SH.
The concentration of DMA decreasing as time but the optimum time for best reduction of DMA concentration is 1.5 h.
As time is prolong, the percentage of DMA concentration reduction decreased.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: S. Izman, Salleh Sideq
The CoF were obtained from the polishing platen motor current values which were captured using data logging software throughout the polishing process.
Between the two defects, surface scratch counts reduction is more prominent (about 3 folds) than micro defect.
Similar phenomenon can be seen on the reduction in surface roughness (Ra) as illustrated in Fig. 6b.
The reduction of both micro-waviness and surface roughness correlates well with the increase on the concentration of FMA added to the slurry.
Between the two defects, surface scratch counts reduction is more prominent (about 3 folds) than micro defect.
Similar phenomenon can be seen on the reduction in surface roughness (Ra) as illustrated in Fig. 6b.
The reduction of both micro-waviness and surface roughness correlates well with the increase on the concentration of FMA added to the slurry.
Online since: May 2016
Authors: Luciano Pessanha Moreira, Marcelo Costa Cardoso, Alexandre de Melo Pereira, Fabiane Roberta Freitas da Silva
As a result, increasing environmental requirements increased mainly with respect to the reduction of vehicle emissions causing greenhouse effects.
Therefore, reducing the steel mass will optimize the vehicle mass reduction.
The corresponding forming limit curves were obtained by joining the strain data in order to define the lowest limit strains.
This sharp reduction is not apparent in 130 mm blank width up to 220 mm circular specimen for DP600 steel and 140 mm blank width up to 220 mm circular specimen for DP800 steel, suggesting that either a ductile shear fracture or a ductile tensile fracture takes place without any prior plastic instability.
Therefore, reducing the steel mass will optimize the vehicle mass reduction.
The corresponding forming limit curves were obtained by joining the strain data in order to define the lowest limit strains.
This sharp reduction is not apparent in 130 mm blank width up to 220 mm circular specimen for DP600 steel and 140 mm blank width up to 220 mm circular specimen for DP800 steel, suggesting that either a ductile shear fracture or a ductile tensile fracture takes place without any prior plastic instability.
Online since: March 2012
Authors: Ryosuke Kainuma, Kodai Niitsu
The data from two distinct areas were taken to compensate of their accuracies.
3.
Effects of all the microalloying elements on reduction of the rave are listed in Table 1.
Although most elements showed no remarkable effect, some reduction of the rave was obtained by addition of C, Cu, In, VN, Mn3N and LaN.
It is seen that a small rave can be obtained by a small amount of doping elements in all the cases and that an amount of Mn3N less than 0.05% is the most effective for the reduction of rave.
Effects of all the microalloying elements on reduction of the rave are listed in Table 1.
Although most elements showed no remarkable effect, some reduction of the rave was obtained by addition of C, Cu, In, VN, Mn3N and LaN.
It is seen that a small rave can be obtained by a small amount of doping elements in all the cases and that an amount of Mn3N less than 0.05% is the most effective for the reduction of rave.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Jiong Chen, Fang Wang, Hui Yang, Shu Qiang Yuan, Feng Tao Liu, Chun Hua Zhou, Zheng Xiang Shen
properties
Tab.2 Mechanical of 40CrMnSiB
Sample number
Temper
temperature
Rm(MPa)
MPa
Rp0.2(MPa)
MPa
Rp0.2/ Rm
A(%)
%
Z(%)
%
HRC
AKU(J)
J
01
350℃
1888
0
12
51
53.2
42
02
1884
0
13.5
54
53.0
40
03
1876
0
12
52
52.8
44
04
400℃
1844
0
11.5
51
53.2
44
05
1877
0
12
50
52.7
45
06
1863
0
11.5
50
52.7
44
07
450℃
1483
1434
0.97
14
57
46.7
42
08
1455
1390
0.96
13.5
54
45.0
50
09
1478
1428
0.97
13
58
44.3
50
10
500℃
1430
1372
0.96
13
55
42.3
63
11
1453
1404
0.97
12.5
59
44.2
58
12
1431
1381
0.97
13.5
56
45.2
58
13
550℃
1117
1031
0.92
15
54
36.7
62
14
1127
1044
0.93
16
52
35.5
66
15
1126
1050
0.93
15
50
36.3
60
16
600℃
1084
988
0.91
16
56
35.7
70
17
1079
975
0.90
17.5
57
35.3
73
18
1092
1010
0.92
15
57
36.0
74
19
650℃
940
817
0.87
21
61
29.8
123
20
931
816
0.88
21
62
27.3
120
21
930
822
0.88
20
61
29.7
122
22
700℃
858
724
0.84
23
63
27.2
143
23
850
739
0.87
22.5
64
26.5
140
24
857
726
0.85
25
64
28.0
136
Note: 350℃ and 400℃ tempering tensile curve have no obvious yield phenomenon, not for data
Test block and results are shown in Figure 1. 3 Discussion and analysis 3.1 Mechanical properties For more intuitive and accurate understanding of the mechanical properties of the material, sample tests results on each three indicators have been averaged, mechanical properties to tempering temperature curves have been plotted as shown in Figure 2-7: Fig.2 Strength-temper temperature curve Fig.3 Yield ratio –temper temperature curve Fig.4 Elongation–temper temperature curve Fig.5 Percentage reduction of area–temper temperature curve Fig.6 Impact energy–temper temperature curve Fig.7 Hardness–temper temperature curve From Figure 2-3 can conclude that the impact of tempering temperature on the strength is notable, strength of 350℃ tempering is up to 1800MPa.
In a trend, elongation and reduction of area increase with fluctuation of tempering temperature, impact toughness increases with tempering temperature rises.
For 400℃ to 550℃ of tempering, elongation and reduction of area suddenly decrease but impact energy decrease not obviously.
Test block and results are shown in Figure 1. 3 Discussion and analysis 3.1 Mechanical properties For more intuitive and accurate understanding of the mechanical properties of the material, sample tests results on each three indicators have been averaged, mechanical properties to tempering temperature curves have been plotted as shown in Figure 2-7: Fig.2 Strength-temper temperature curve Fig.3 Yield ratio –temper temperature curve Fig.4 Elongation–temper temperature curve Fig.5 Percentage reduction of area–temper temperature curve Fig.6 Impact energy–temper temperature curve Fig.7 Hardness–temper temperature curve From Figure 2-3 can conclude that the impact of tempering temperature on the strength is notable, strength of 350℃ tempering is up to 1800MPa.
In a trend, elongation and reduction of area increase with fluctuation of tempering temperature, impact toughness increases with tempering temperature rises.
For 400℃ to 550℃ of tempering, elongation and reduction of area suddenly decrease but impact energy decrease not obviously.