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Online since: January 2013
Authors: Fang Hu, Chun Hua Zhang, Song Zhang, Li Wen Tang, Yu Hua Miao, Dong Feng Chen
Surface morphology, the release of CH4, and molecular structure were analyzed by using Gas Chromatography (GC), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM),and Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FTIR), respectively.
Introduction Nitrile Rubber (NBR) is commonly considered the workhorse of the industrial and automotive rubber products industries, which has been used in a wide variety of application areas, such as automotive, chemistry industry, etc [1-3].
Compared to that, NBRⅠ rubber heat aged for 168h shows many holes on the surface, indicating the destruction of the organizational structure of NBR in transformer oil at 70ºC.
Therefore, Increase the content of acrylonitrile can effectively improve the structure properties of NBR and reduce the formation of CH4 when the NBR was applied in oil immersed power transformer.
Introduction Nitrile Rubber (NBR) is commonly considered the workhorse of the industrial and automotive rubber products industries, which has been used in a wide variety of application areas, such as automotive, chemistry industry, etc [1-3].
Compared to that, NBRⅠ rubber heat aged for 168h shows many holes on the surface, indicating the destruction of the organizational structure of NBR in transformer oil at 70ºC.
Therefore, Increase the content of acrylonitrile can effectively improve the structure properties of NBR and reduce the formation of CH4 when the NBR was applied in oil immersed power transformer.
Online since: March 2010
Authors: Jian Zhong Wang, Li Jia He, Jin Gang Qi, Zuo Fu Zhao, Bing Wang
However, the
quantitative characterization denoted by the liquid structure parameters exhibits their discrepancy.
However, due to the difficulty of liquid structure tests that requires elevated temperature and electromagnetic field, few X-ray or neutron diffraction studies have been done to directly verify this structure transformation on a microcosmic scale.
Large numbers of stable nucleus lead to inevitably the refinement of solidification structure.
The results experimentally testified Wang's EPM mechanism from a microscopic structure test.
Shaw: Introduction to Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Fourth Edition (World Publishing Corporation, 2004) [7] J.Z.
However, due to the difficulty of liquid structure tests that requires elevated temperature and electromagnetic field, few X-ray or neutron diffraction studies have been done to directly verify this structure transformation on a microcosmic scale.
Large numbers of stable nucleus lead to inevitably the refinement of solidification structure.
The results experimentally testified Wang's EPM mechanism from a microscopic structure test.
Shaw: Introduction to Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Fourth Edition (World Publishing Corporation, 2004) [7] J.Z.
Online since: August 2017
Authors: Jun Liang, Xiao Li Sheng, Zhao Xiang Huang, Kan Yu
A small conductivity enhancement was observed at intermediate B content which further illustrates the important role of La vacancies in optimising the conductivity of La silicates with the apatite structure.
The structure of La silicate apatite, La9.33(SiO4)6O2, consists of isolated SiO4 tetrahedra with the remaining oxygen present as O2- ions in one dimensional tunnels running parallel to the c-axis.
Journal of Materials Chemistry.25 (2012) 2658-2669
The structure and texture genesis of apatite-type lanthanum silicates during their synthesis by co-precipitation.
The structure of La silicate apatite, La9.33(SiO4)6O2, consists of isolated SiO4 tetrahedra with the remaining oxygen present as O2- ions in one dimensional tunnels running parallel to the c-axis.
Journal of Materials Chemistry.25 (2012) 2658-2669
The structure and texture genesis of apatite-type lanthanum silicates during their synthesis by co-precipitation.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Yan Juan Li, Yue Chi, Xiao Tian Li, Nan Li, Xiao Yan, Qing Yuan
The results show that the products were hexagonal MoS2 with a high crystalline and flower-like structure consisted of small particles.
Introduction Transition metal sulfide MoS2, a semiconductor material, exhibits a layered structure consisting of covalently bound S–Mo–S trilayers which are separated by a relatively large van der Waals gap.
The electronic structure is such that band-edge excitation corresponds largely to a metal centered d–d transition [1,2].
One of the current challenges for materials chemistry is to develop novel inorganic syntheses for the production of nanoscopic solids not available by conventional solid-state reactions.
Introduction Transition metal sulfide MoS2, a semiconductor material, exhibits a layered structure consisting of covalently bound S–Mo–S trilayers which are separated by a relatively large van der Waals gap.
The electronic structure is such that band-edge excitation corresponds largely to a metal centered d–d transition [1,2].
One of the current challenges for materials chemistry is to develop novel inorganic syntheses for the production of nanoscopic solids not available by conventional solid-state reactions.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Jin Sheng Shi, Zu Wei Song, Xu Yun Li
Synthesis of MnWO4 Nano-particles by Low-temperature Molten Salt Method
Zuwei Song 1,2,a, Xuyun Li 1 and Jinsheng Shi 1
1 College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
2 Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266003, PR China
aE-mail: sunqdio@yahoo.com.cn
Keywords: MnWO4 Nano-particles; Molten salt method; Low temperature
Abstract.
XRD analysis evidenced that the product was a pure monoclinic phase of MnWO4 with wolframite structure.
Therefore, a simple and efficient route for the mass-production of nano-sized MnWO4 with narrow size distribution and controllable structure has yet to be developed.
Obviously, all XRD patterns can be indexed to monoclinic MnWO4 with wolframite structure, well matched with the reported data (JCPDS: 13-0434).
XRD analysis evidenced that the product was a pure monoclinic phase of MnWO4 with wolframite structure.
Therefore, a simple and efficient route for the mass-production of nano-sized MnWO4 with narrow size distribution and controllable structure has yet to be developed.
Obviously, all XRD patterns can be indexed to monoclinic MnWO4 with wolframite structure, well matched with the reported data (JCPDS: 13-0434).
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Zi Long Yue, Bin Liu, Qian Hui Lv
In the Guihuachong copper deposit, magmatic rocks happens frequently, geological structure is complex and it is rich in minerals (Fig. 1).
The granodiorite porphyry is white, light gray to gray, porphyritic structure and block, brecciated structure.
Common diorite rock mass inclusions and inclusions for micro - and a half since the fine grained structure, block structure, mainly by the potassium feldspar, feldspar, hornblende and a small amount of biotite.
Fig.2 Metal minerals and the gangue minerals of the ore Ore texture and structure Ore structure mainly has its form granular texture, half from the form to the structure, the residual structure, the structure of the replacement of illusion, crushing structure, the structure of the gel and so on, a few pyrite ore, zinc sulphide ore is euhedral crystal structure.Ore structure is mainly crumb, thin vein, disseminated structure, brecciated structure, block structure, the banded structure and so on.
From the differences in chemistry between the two suites study and the different kinds of enclaves found in each, we conclude that the shoshonitic series magma is derived from the differentiation of the mantle-derived alkaline basic magma and the high-potassium(K) calc-alkaline series magma is mixture between the differentiated mantle magma and crustal magma.
The granodiorite porphyry is white, light gray to gray, porphyritic structure and block, brecciated structure.
Common diorite rock mass inclusions and inclusions for micro - and a half since the fine grained structure, block structure, mainly by the potassium feldspar, feldspar, hornblende and a small amount of biotite.
Fig.2 Metal minerals and the gangue minerals of the ore Ore texture and structure Ore structure mainly has its form granular texture, half from the form to the structure, the residual structure, the structure of the replacement of illusion, crushing structure, the structure of the gel and so on, a few pyrite ore, zinc sulphide ore is euhedral crystal structure.Ore structure is mainly crumb, thin vein, disseminated structure, brecciated structure, block structure, the banded structure and so on.
From the differences in chemistry between the two suites study and the different kinds of enclaves found in each, we conclude that the shoshonitic series magma is derived from the differentiation of the mantle-derived alkaline basic magma and the high-potassium(K) calc-alkaline series magma is mixture between the differentiated mantle magma and crustal magma.
Online since: April 2016
Authors: Deng Ming Chen, Yi Long Ma, Chun Hong Li, Si Huang, Wei Zhao, Bing Bing Li, Qiang Zheng, An Ruo Zhou
In order to meet the high energy storage, high sensitivity, high efficiency in application,people always try their best to improve the soft magnetic properties,such as high saturation induction intensity,high permeability, low coercivity.Magnetic properties of the materials are affected in complicated manner by their microstructures such as grain size, internal strain and crystal structure[4-8].For soft magnetic alloys,HT is a effctive method to improve microstructure,leading to enhance magnetic properties.
For TEM examination, the specimens were prepared by dual beam and examined at 200 kV.The magnetic domains structure was observed by magnetic force microscope(MFM solver next,NT-MDT,Russia).
Fig. 1 The EDS of the starting alloy Fig. 2 1J50 hydrogen heat treatment curve Result and discussion Structure.
The curie temperature is not sensitive to the material structure, determined by the material composition, so the curie temperature remains the same ,which is 793 K as showned in Table.1.
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 71 (2010) 290–295
For TEM examination, the specimens were prepared by dual beam and examined at 200 kV.The magnetic domains structure was observed by magnetic force microscope(MFM solver next,NT-MDT,Russia).
Fig. 1 The EDS of the starting alloy Fig. 2 1J50 hydrogen heat treatment curve Result and discussion Structure.
The curie temperature is not sensitive to the material structure, determined by the material composition, so the curie temperature remains the same ,which is 793 K as showned in Table.1.
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 71 (2010) 290–295
Online since: April 2010
Authors: Ze Wu, Xian You Zhang, Li Min Dong, Zhi Dong Han, Yan Li Zhuang
The effects of synthesis method and conditions on the crystal and
morphological structure were investigated by (XRD) and (SEM).
Crystal structure.
Morphology structure.
The morphological structure of the product by solid-state method is not a fixed shape and inhomogeneous particles.
Physics and Chemistry of Solids Vol. 65(2004), p. 1071 [8] C.H.
Crystal structure.
Morphology structure.
The morphological structure of the product by solid-state method is not a fixed shape and inhomogeneous particles.
Physics and Chemistry of Solids Vol. 65(2004), p. 1071 [8] C.H.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Raman Sharma, Anup Kumar, Pawan Heera, P. B Baraman
On the other hand silver (Ag) readily alloys with most of the metals and modifies their physical properties to make them suitable for their applications in optics, chemistry, biology, etc..
It is found [17] that the addition of Ag results in various structural changes in the materials which in turn modify the band structure and hence electrical properties due to its ionic nature.
The optical transmission spectra of the thin films are shown in Fig. 1(b).The optical constants are calculated by using well known Swanepoel’s method [18] based on the Manifacier [19] idea. 3.1 Absorption coefficient and optical band gap: Analysis of optical absorption spectra for crystalline and amorphous non-metallic materials explains some of their features related to band structure and energy gap.
Kenwy, Effect of composition and structure on electrical conduction of Se(100-x)Tex films, Sol.
Sanderson, Inorganic Chemistry, Affiliated East-West Press PUT, New Delhi, (1971).
It is found [17] that the addition of Ag results in various structural changes in the materials which in turn modify the band structure and hence electrical properties due to its ionic nature.
The optical transmission spectra of the thin films are shown in Fig. 1(b).The optical constants are calculated by using well known Swanepoel’s method [18] based on the Manifacier [19] idea. 3.1 Absorption coefficient and optical band gap: Analysis of optical absorption spectra for crystalline and amorphous non-metallic materials explains some of their features related to band structure and energy gap.
Kenwy, Effect of composition and structure on electrical conduction of Se(100-x)Tex films, Sol.
Sanderson, Inorganic Chemistry, Affiliated East-West Press PUT, New Delhi, (1971).
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Ying Fan
Having focused on resource-intensive industries with high energy consumption and high pollution in their economic development, these minority regions take coal-oriented as industrial structure, which increases the difficulty of CO2 emission reduction.
In 2009, the growth rate of the pillar industries such as coal, chemistry, metallurgy, medicine and building materials is obviously higher than average level of Ningxia’s economy, which supports sustainable growth of Ningxia’s industry, especially coal and chemical industries make substantive contribution with growth rate of 4.3% and 1.3% respectively higher than provincial average level ranking 24.3% and 11.5% of industrial value added of Ningxia above designated size.
The Measurement of Low-Carbon Economy Development in Ningxia To Establish General Plan And Strengthen Overall Coordination Firstly, government should grasp global superiority and prospective principles to bring low-carbon economy into Ningxia’s plan of economic development and low-carbon technology into technological plans, coordinate all parties and resources in fields of industrial structure, technological innovation, regional layout and infrastructure construction to establish operable scheme of low-carbon economy with governmental will during the organization and implementation of its developing plan of low-carbon economy.
With the ‘green loan, low-carbon loan’ and ‘funds of social responsibility’ as a guide, Ningxia should encourage financial institutions to develop structural financing products of low-carbon economy concerning ‘green loan, low-carbon loan’ and emission trading structure to improve financial function of multi-level capital market.
With the principles of ‘decrement, reuse and resource’, Ningxia should build efficient and recycling ecological industrial chain concerning coal, chemistry, metallurgy and papermaking, enhance the management of resource consumption in these fields, spread advanced technologies of saving, substitution, recycling and pollution reduction, improve comprehensive development of mineral resources and recovery utilization rate of renewable resources and optimize comprehensive utilization of resources.
In 2009, the growth rate of the pillar industries such as coal, chemistry, metallurgy, medicine and building materials is obviously higher than average level of Ningxia’s economy, which supports sustainable growth of Ningxia’s industry, especially coal and chemical industries make substantive contribution with growth rate of 4.3% and 1.3% respectively higher than provincial average level ranking 24.3% and 11.5% of industrial value added of Ningxia above designated size.
The Measurement of Low-Carbon Economy Development in Ningxia To Establish General Plan And Strengthen Overall Coordination Firstly, government should grasp global superiority and prospective principles to bring low-carbon economy into Ningxia’s plan of economic development and low-carbon technology into technological plans, coordinate all parties and resources in fields of industrial structure, technological innovation, regional layout and infrastructure construction to establish operable scheme of low-carbon economy with governmental will during the organization and implementation of its developing plan of low-carbon economy.
With the ‘green loan, low-carbon loan’ and ‘funds of social responsibility’ as a guide, Ningxia should encourage financial institutions to develop structural financing products of low-carbon economy concerning ‘green loan, low-carbon loan’ and emission trading structure to improve financial function of multi-level capital market.
With the principles of ‘decrement, reuse and resource’, Ningxia should build efficient and recycling ecological industrial chain concerning coal, chemistry, metallurgy and papermaking, enhance the management of resource consumption in these fields, spread advanced technologies of saving, substitution, recycling and pollution reduction, improve comprehensive development of mineral resources and recovery utilization rate of renewable resources and optimize comprehensive utilization of resources.