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Graphene/SnO2/Citric Acid Nanocomposites as the Excellent Sorbent for Removal of Crystal Violet and Methylene Blue Jinping Song1,a, Qi Ma2,b*, Shaomin Shuang2,c,Yong Guo1,d and Chuan Dong 2,e* 1 College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, institute of the applied chemistry, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, China 2 Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China asongjphx@163.com; bmaqihx@163.com; c smshuang@sxu.edu.cn; d ybsy_guo@163.com; e dc@sxu.edu.cn Keywords: GN/SnO2/CA nanocomposites; adsorption; methylene blue; crystal violet Abstract.
In particular, some nanomaterials with unique surface structure properties have been employed to remove dye contamination, including Fe@Fe2O3 nanocomposite, amino-functionalized nanoporous silica SBA-3 and carbon nanotube and so on.
All the diffraction peaks can be precisely assigned to tetraganol rutile structure of SnO2 (JCPDS 41-1445).
(b) the disordered interfacial structure produced by the interfacial bonds between SnO2 nanocrystals and graphene sheets; (c) disordered layer-stacking nature of GN layer in the composite [10].

Although there are these studies on CeO2 tubes, but the understanding for CeO2 tubes is still fewer than it for the tubular structure of TiO2, ZnO and so on.
The phase structure of the products were examined by a Thermo ARL X-ray diffraction (XRD) with Cu Kα radiation in 2θ range of 20~100°, scanning conditions: step size 0.02, step time 2 s and the elements of the CeO2 tubes were detected with an Oxford INCA Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS).
XRD pattern (Fig.4) of the CeO2 tube shows a series of diffraction peaks corresponding to the (111), (200), (220), (311), (222), (400), (331), (420) and (422) planes of a cubic fluorite structure (JCPDS 34-0394) of CeO2.
Li, Carbon nanotube assisted synthesis of CeO2 nanotubes, Journal of the Solid State Chemistry. 180 (2007) 654–660 [33] K.L.
Wang, Growth of nano hexagon-like flake arrays cerium carbonate created with PAH as the substrate, Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 221 (2015) 263–271 [37] F.

Kapok fiber (KF) is a low-value, natural fiber utilized in previous studies as a substrate for adsorbents due to its hollow structure [12].
A ‘head-to-tail’ formation takes place when one of the nitrenium radicals isomerizes to a quinoid structure (Fig. 3c).
The hollow tube structure of KF is evident from the figure where the rough surfaces are likely to be PoA adhering on the fibers.
Karakişla, Simultaneous Deposition of Poly(o-Anisidine) and Noble Ag Particles on Wool Fabric and The Evaluation of Its Performance as Catalyst in Dye Reduction, Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry 6(2), (2019) 225–236
Materials Chemistry and Physics 243, (2020) 122682 [14] M.

Schneider4,f and Gerhard Hirt1,g 1Institute of Metal Forming (IBF), RWTH Aachen University, Intzestr. 10, 52056 Aachen, Germany 2Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT), Steinbachstr. 15, 52074 Aachen, Germany 3Chair for Laser Technology (LLT), RWTH Aachen University, Steinbachstr. 15,  52074 Aachen,  Germany 4Materials Chemistry (MCh), RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, 52074 Aachen, Germany ateller@ibf.rwth-aachen.de, bingo.ross@ilt.fraunhofer.de, candre.temmler@ilt.fraunhofer.de, dreinhart.poprawe@ilt.fraunhofer.de, epruente@mch.rwth-aachen.de, fschneider@mch.rwth-aachen.de, ghirt@ibf.rwth-aachen.de Keywords: Friction, friction parameter determination, dry metal forming, wear, adhesion, functionalization, surface modification, laser polishing Abstract.
The paper is structured as follows.
Surface structures are smoothed during the remelting process due to the surface tension of the molten material.
During the resolidification of the molten material new structures may emerge, e.g. martensite needles or waviness, which lead to the unique characteristics of laser polished surfaces without scratches or burr [8].
Vioux, “Hybrid materials from organophosphorus coupling molecules”, Journal of Materials Chemistry 15 (2005), pp. 3761-3768.

Reduction of R/R to -0,025 leads to a significant increase in impact resistance without a cut, due to the formation of a denser structure without gaps.
This increase in toughness occurs due to the formation of a denser structure, where there are no voids.
This is due to the internal structure of the samples, which gives a fragile character to the destruction.
Vygodsky, Chemistry, Moscow, 1984
Babayevsky, Chemistry, Moscow, 1978.

Synthesis and characterization of SAR/SiO2 hybrid materials with high thermal stability Jian Zhang1, a, Jia Liu1, Canfeng Wang2, Farong Huang2, Lei Du2 1 Department of Applied Chemistry, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China. 2 Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P R China.
As shown in The Figure 2(2), Absorption band at 1047.6 cm-1 corresponding to stretching vibration of Si-O-Si increased as compared with MSAR in Figure 2(1), which indicated the structure of Si-O-Si was introduced into the resin by hydrolysis of with methoxy silyl terminal groups and TEOS.
Sample Content of TEOS,wt% Td5,°C residue yield at 800°C,% 1 0 650.2 90.1 2 5 663.9 90.5 3 10 696.6 92.1 4 15 648.9 90.1 5 20 594.2 89.3 Td5 of MSAR resin reached 650.2°C and the residue yield at 800°C was up to 90.1% because inorganic structure of siloxy was introduced into.
When the content of inorganic SiO2 was so excess that molecular movement of polymer was restricted and formed imperfect cross linking network structures which leads to the drop of thermal stability.
Pyrolysis chemistry of poly[(dimethylsilylene)diacetylane].

In this work, the morphology structure of the polymer blend was investigated along with the mechanical properties, respectively.
Mondragon [13] has reported on the residual of CH2Cl2 in epoxy system has a affected the curing kinetic and Tg due to the modification of network structure, while both Dickens and Loos [14, 15] reported on the decreased of strength and modulus (both flexural and tensile) when using acetone as solvent.
Li: Science in China Series B: Chemistry, 50, 4 (2007), p.554-561
Li: The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 108, 20 (2004), p.6208-6215
Lee: Composite Structures, 86, 13 (2008), p.69-77

The catalyst layer is a 5-25μm thick, where the catalyst is supported on an electrically conductive structure, which is interconnected to both the GDL and the membrane.
The common catalyst is Pt supported on a carbon black structure.
These novel structures include Carbon nanotubes (CNT’s) [11, 12, and 13].
Oxides and Nitrides: Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2003, Vol. 107
Lin: Journal of materials chemistry, 2009, Vol. 19

Both samples are characterized by ferritic-pearlitic structure.
Conclusion Thus, liquid alloy treatment with EMP influences the structure and properties of liquid alloy, that allows managing structuring processes at micro level, and consequently preparing metals with predefined features set.
Shaburova, Impact nanosecond electromagnetic pulses to melt ferrous metals, Bulletin of South Ural State University, series "Mathematics, physics and chemistry". 62 (2006) 152-156
[9] Yao Lei, Hao Hai, JI Shou-hua, Fang Can-feng, Zhang Xing-guo, Effects of ultrasonic vibration on solidification structure and properties of Mg-8Li-3Al alloy, Trans.
Golubev, The spectra of acoustic pulses of normal waves (Lamb waves) excited by nanosecond laser pulses in metal plates, Abstracts of III Russian scientific-practical conference "The destruction, control and diagnostics of materials and structures", "Ural Center for Academic Service". (2007) 25

However, the three dimensional network structure of xerogels is always destroyed during drying process at ambient pressure.
The pore structure was characterized by SEM and nitrogen physisorption BET technique.
This indicates that the micropore forms in the prophase of sol-gel process, so the addition of SiC whisker and short CF could not change the micropore structure.
The structure of the SiO2-CF xerogel and SiO2-SiC xerogel are simply described as follows.
The xerogel structure is composed of linear chains of primary bonding clusters and the chains are weakly cross-linked.