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As a result, increasing environmental requirements increased mainly with respect to the reduction of vehicle emissions causing greenhouse effects.
Therefore, reducing the steel mass will optimize the vehicle mass reduction.
The corresponding forming limit curves were obtained by joining the strain data in order to define the lowest limit strains.
This sharp reduction is not apparent in 130 mm blank width up to 220 mm circular specimen for DP600 steel and 140 mm blank width up to 220 mm circular specimen for DP800 steel, suggesting that either a ductile shear fracture or a ductile tensile fracture takes place without any prior plastic instability.

C S P Mn Si Cr V 1 0.49 0.007 0.011 0.93 0.33 1.15 0.13 2 0.52 0.005 0.010 0.94 0.31 1.08 0.13 3 0.53 0.007 0.010 1.00 0.32 1.10 0.13 2.2 Analysis of Mechanical Properties Table 3 shows the mechanical properties of new materials under conventional heat treatment conditions, within the scope of the 380-450 ℃ tempering, the strength of the steel is 1550-1760 mpa, reduction of area 31-41%.
Table 4 is the mechanical properties after heat treatment process optimization, tensile strength of 1540 ~ 1624MPa, Reduction of 43%, with high strength and high ductility, technical solutions to meet the design requirements.
Table 5 is the new material of end hardenability test data, the hardenability curves as shown in figure 3.
(2) High strength, high ductility and excellent craftsmanship are the main technical characteristics of new materials, technical performance of the new materials are: 1540 ~ 1624MPa, Reduction of 43%, decarburization depth of not more than 0.20mm, oil quench hardenability plate thickness not less than 30mm.

properties Tab.2 Mechanical of 40CrMnSiB Sample number Temper temperature Rm(MPa) MPa Rp0.2(MPa) MPa Rp0.2/ Rm A(%) % Z(%) % HRC AKU(J) J 01 350℃ 1888 0 12 51 53.2 42 02 1884 0 13.5 54 53.0 40 03 1876 0 12 52 52.8 44 04 400℃ 1844 0 11.5 51 53.2 44 05 1877 0 12 50 52.7 45 06 1863 0 11.5 50 52.7 44 07 450℃ 1483 1434 0.97 14 57 46.7 42 08 1455 1390 0.96 13.5 54 45.0 50 09 1478 1428 0.97 13 58 44.3 50 10 500℃ 1430 1372 0.96 13 55 42.3 63 11 1453 1404 0.97 12.5 59 44.2 58 12 1431 1381 0.97 13.5 56 45.2 58 13 550℃ 1117 1031 0.92 15 54 36.7 62 14 1127 1044 0.93 16 52 35.5 66 15 1126 1050 0.93 15 50 36.3 60 16 600℃ 1084 988 0.91 16 56 35.7 70 17 1079 975 0.90 17.5 57 35.3 73 18 1092 1010 0.92 15 57 36.0 74 19 650℃ 940 817 0.87 21 61 29.8 123 20 931 816 0.88 21 62 27.3 120 21 930 822 0.88 20 61 29.7 122 22 700℃ 858 724 0.84 23 63 27.2 143 23 850 739 0.87 22.5 64 26.5 140 24 857 726 0.85 25 64 28.0 136 Note: 350℃ and 400℃ tempering tensile curve have no obvious yield phenomenon, not for data
Test block and results are shown in Figure 1. 3 Discussion and analysis 3.1 Mechanical properties For more intuitive and accurate understanding of the mechanical properties of the material, sample tests results on each three indicators have been averaged, mechanical properties to tempering temperature curves have been plotted as shown in Figure 2-7: Fig.2 Strength-temper temperature curve Fig.3 Yield ratio –temper temperature curve Fig.4 Elongation–temper temperature curve Fig.5 Percentage reduction of area–temper temperature curve Fig.6 Impact energy–temper temperature curve Fig.7 Hardness–temper temperature curve From Figure 2-3 can conclude that the impact of tempering temperature on the strength is notable, strength of 350℃ tempering is up to 1800MPa.
In a trend, elongation and reduction of area increase with fluctuation of tempering temperature, impact toughness increases with tempering temperature rises.
For 400℃ to 550℃ of tempering, elongation and reduction of area suddenly decrease but impact energy decrease not obviously.

Currently, there is still not many data on CO2/brine system relative permeability models for various rock types [6, 7].
The hybrid system of eqn. (5) is solved by implementing Schur Complement Reduction, for detailed derivation, readers are directed to [14].
MPM 7 Days 183 Days 365 Days 730 Days BC VG BC VG BC VG BC VG R2 0.963 0.989 0.783 0.939 0.567 0.875 0.057 0.993 *MPM = Model Performance Measure, PRESS = predicted error sum of squares, MSE = mean square error During the simulation, it was discovered that SRM has reduced the simulation time greatly, with an 8.3 time (when compared to BC) and 5.4 time (when compared to VG) reduction for 2 years simulation.
Because of the significant computational time reduction and satisfactory prediction accuracy, the SRM model is recommended for a 1 year prediction of CO2 flow in preliminary study.

According to the Kelvin-Laplace equation, these empty pores will cause a reduction in the internal relative humidity [6], which in turn induces the capillary stresses within the remaining capillary water.
The reduction in internal relative humidity is mainly dependent on two factors: the volume of empty pore space created and the pore size distribution of the cement paste [8].
In high w/c conditions, the water unsaturated ceramsite will absorb a small amount of water during mixing, which makes w/c reduction in some aeras.
Conclusions Based on the above experimental data and analysis, the following conclusions may be drawn: (1) In low w/c concrete, the pre-wet lightweight aggregate can refine the cement paste pore structure.

The reduction in resistance to electrical degradation upon the addition of Y2O3 to Bi-manganese (Mn)-Co-silicon (Si)-chromium (Cr)-nickel (Ni)-added ZnO varistors with the same composition as a commercial varistor except for Sb (the basic varistor) is due to an increase in the number of willemite (Zn2SiO4) particles or a reduction in the number of spinel (Zn2SnO4) particles at the grain boundary between two ZnO grains [8].
The value of the nonlinearity index α for the V–J characteristics was estimated from the data for voltage per 1 mm sample thickness (normalized voltage (V/mm)) in the range of J of approximately 1×10–4 to 1×10–3 A/cm2 using the equation V = VN(J/JN)1/α.
It is speculated that the reduction in the grain size of ZnO is due to the same mechanism as Sb addition [5,6].

The oxygen reduction reaction at the CF/VE composite cathode is given by O2 + 2H2O + 4e → 4OH- ������������������������������������������������������(1) In this procedure, the composite only performed as a site provider for oxygen absorption other than taking into any reaction itself [8].
The data summary in Table 2 also indicates a slight increase in the moisture uptake of the composite because of galvanic coupling. 0 5 10 15 20 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 t 1/2 / h 1/2 Mt / % QRQ� F RXS� HG FRXS� HG � Fig. 2.
In the polarization, the cathodal reaction is oxygen reduction� reaction, and the anodic reaction is relative to the concentration of OH .
The static and dynamic mechanical properties are also damaged to a more sever extent because of the damage effect of OH - created by the oxygen reduction reaction at the CF/VE composite cathode.

Innovation on SiC MOSFET device design and manufacturing processes continues to drive performance improvements and cost reductions.
These ongoing refinements are being implemented into next-generation SiC MOSFETs and have lead to a reduction in the specific on-resistance (Ron,sp) of 40% in a 1200 V device compared to Cree’s C2M product family.
The reductions in Ron,sp allows for smaller chips for a given device rating, leading to more chips per wafer and to higher device yields, all leading to reduced manufacturing cost per chip.
Data for References [3] and [4] are included for comparison.

The results of tensile test data for specimens with and without hydrogen, charging is presented in Table 3.
Reduction in flatness may have affected σy, while weld defects may have affected δ, which may have been also affected by the microstructural evolution by the welding that will be described later.
In specimen M without hydrogen charging, fracture is found to occur generally in ductile manner with significant reduction in area, implying that one cause for the low δ of this specimen is in the possibility that the deformation zone is limited in a small region with respect to the gage length.
In specimen M, reduction in area is markedly decreased by hydrogen charging, although δ was decreased only by about 20%.

Based on preliminary data obtained by Electron Backscatter Diffraction (not shown), also the latter requirement gets violated for a small fraction of crystals.
Furthermore, their diameter is large leading to a lower geometrical aspect ratio which prevents effective SF reduction.
Therefore, the spacing between Si pillars is responsible for a tradeoff between efficient SF reduction and full coalescence of SiC crystals into a smooth film.
La Via, Defect reduction in epitaxial 3C-SiC on Si(001) and Si(111) by deep substrate patterning, Materials Science Forum 821-823 (2015) 193-196