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The friction and properties were examined under dry sliding conditions with a WTM—1E type ball-on-disc tester.
It has good room and high temperature mechanical properties, good bending strength, tearing tenacity.
They are inseparable, and affected each other to change, and this processes, subject to a variety of factors, is a random process of change.
In addition, crack action in the layer also degrades the wear properties.
The wear properties improve with the rising content of the TiC mass.

While current welding processes prioritize the quality of the weld, including factors like strength, leak-tightness, and heat-affected zone, the control of post-weld deformation in critical structures, particularly high-precision joints, has received less attention.
The chemical composition and mechanical properties of the steel are presented in Tables 1 and 2.
The interaction between physical factors during the welding process.
The chemical composition of AISI 1005 steel [8] Standard AISI 1005 % C 0.14 - 0.22 % Si 0.12 - 0.30 % Mn 0.40 - 0.65 Table 2 The mechanical properties of AISI 1005 steel [8] Table 3.
This temperature difference is one of the factors leading to different deformations of the welded structure for different thicknesses.

The environmental factors (mechanical, climatic, chemical, biological and radiometric) certainly have a significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of POF, which obviously affects optical transmission performance of POF leading to the changes of lifetime of POF system [7].
Some other mechanical properties can also influence attenuation.
Compared to uses in communication and decoration, the requirements of mechanical properties and fiber diameter must be higher.
Results and Analysis The basic mechanical properties with Instron-4411 tester shown in Table 1 were mean initial modulus, mean deformation at break and tensile strength with corresponding coefficient of variation CVσ. 95% confidence interval of initial modulus, deformation at break and tensile strength were found in Fig. 2-3, respectively.
Table 1 Properties of POFs with Instron-4411 tester.

The electrospinning process is highly dominated by various factors depending on process parameters (voltage, feed rate, spinneret-collector distance, etc.), on intrinsic solution properties (polymer molecular weight, polymer nature, solvent volatility, solvent conductivity, etc.), and finally, on the presence of additives such as bioactive payloads.
With the aim to use the nanofibrous mats containing Propolis on healthcare and well-being fields for improved performance and protection, the mechanical properties of plasticized mats were analysed.
The mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibers are often scarce in comparison with textile fibers made from the same polymers moreover the properties of electrospun fiber properties are affected by several factors related to the processing such as residual solvent and porosity of the nanofibers [19].
It is noteworthy the effect of plasticizer on mechanical properties in terms of modulus and strain: by increasing the plasticizer amount, the elongation at break and the elastic modulus enhance.
Sforcin, Biological Properties and Therapeutic Applications of Propolis, Phytother.

The study of optimal fuzzy PID-Smith control based on genetic algorithm Liu Diantinga, Li Haixiab College of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, china alliudian@163.com, blihaixia19790604@163.com Key word: Fuzzy-PID Controller; Smith predictor; Genetic Algorithm; Abstract: In this paper, the improved genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the quantization factors and the scaling factors of fuzzy control, and the optimized rule table and membership functions is obtained according to certain performances.
Fuzzy control is based on fuzzy control algorithm in multiple-input fuzzy control, artificial set of fuzzy rule is obviously very difficult, optimization of genetic algorithm with its excellent properties are applied to automatically generate fuzzy rules.
Genetic algorithm optimization method for fuzzy controller usually has: (1) optimal membership functions;(2) optimization of fuzzy control rules;(3) optimization of quantitative factor and scaling factor.
The quantization factors and the scaling factors of fuzzy inference has greatly influenced on the output of fuzzy control rule and the fuzzy control rules and the membership functions will be large changed with the self-tuning of quantify factors and under the same error and its rate of change, the system's output will be changed.
Then with respect to parameters optimization problems in the control, the improved genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the quantization factors and the scaling factors of fuzzy control, simulation analysis is done on a second order system with large delay time by different control method with variable system parameter .It can be proved that new method can improve control quality of system and its dynamic performance indicators.

The optimization of the properties is mostly achieved when the dimensions of the additive is in the nanometer range, producing a nanocomposite.
These improved properties make them candidates for a number of potential applications in many industrial sectors like, for example, automotive, aerospace, electronics and biotechnology [2].
The structures that present the optimized properties are the intercalated and the exfoliated ones.
When nanocomposites of semi-crystalline polymers are considered, two factors may contribute to the improvement of the mechanical properties: the mechanical reinforcement due to the addition of the inorganic material, which should be analogous to similar improvement for nanocomposites of amorphous polymers, as well as the effects of a possible change in the crystalline characteristics of the polymer because of the presence of the inorganic nanofillers in case that the surface-nucleated crystalline phases have even better mechanical and thermal characteristics than the bulk crystalline phase.
Nevertheless, although improved properties can be obtained, the mechanism behind the effects of the inorganic filler on the crystallization mechanism has not been yet understood [5,6].

Because of design and processing limitation and other factors, there are problems related to parallelism, dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy of the fabricated comb capacitor.
Because the electrostatic comb-drive has many advantages, such as not having a capacitive gap limitation and higher quality factor, large drive amplitude, independent driving force, and easy signal processing, the comb capacitive micro-machined gyroscope has become an attractive micro structure.
Fig. 1 Fabricated comb structure Fig. 2 Simulation of the equipotential line distribution In the analysis of the mechanical properties of electrostatic driving structures, the accurate calculation of the capacitance of comb structures is important8.
These errors will affect the calculation of the comb capacitance.
IEEE Micro-electro-mechanical Systems, Fort Lauderdale, (1993), p.143-148

Improved insulation properties may be achieved by incorporation of thermal insulation materials, whereby increasing the loading would improve the overall insulating properties.
In general, the mechanical properties of concrete are enhanced by a reduction in water/cement ratio (w/c) or improvement in packing densities.
Mechanical strength properties of cured AIC samples were measured according to DIN EN 196-1 standard [6].
Results and discussion Physical properties of AIM samples.
The physical properties of the cured AIM samples after 28 days were analysed first.

Singh3,c 1Assistant Professor in WBGS, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Govt.
The submerged-arc welding (SAW) process is popular because of its ability to match the chemistry and physical properties of the base material.
Experimental Procedure & Results The experiments were conducted as per the design matrix randomly to avoid errors due to noise factors.
Weld Bead Width (mm) (Experimental Values) Weld Bead Width (mm) (Predicted Values) % error 17.96 21.01 17 21.90 25.84 18 21.00 25.20 20 30.92 36.79 19 13.94 15.89 14 20.12 24.14 20 15.90 18.60 17 22.66 26.97 19 Conclusion This type of numerical investigation is made to estimate three dimensional transient heat conduction fields in semi infinite metallic solid because surface heat transfer strongly affected the temperature distribution in the welded pates.
These newly found solutions also will be helpful to predict heat affected zone, weld bead parameters etc.

Based on the FTA of electronic-control engine start fault diagnosis analysis JianChun Gong1, a, DengRong Zhou2,b, ZongBiao Lu3,c ,ZhongFa Mao4,d 1,3 College of Mechanical Engineering PanZhiHua University, SiChuang, china ,617000 2College of Information and Electric Engineering Panzhihua University, SiChuang,china ,617000 4College of Mechanical Engineering ChongQing University, ChongQing, china,400044 a jcgong01@163.com, b 494982494 @qq.com , c 675905252@qq.com, d565258128@qq.com Keywords: electronic control fuel injection engine; fault tree; cut sets; fault Abstract.
By making qualitative analysis, finding out the main influence factors of failure, and putting forward quite perfect methods of removing fault, which providing electronic fuel injection engine maintenance with the beneficial reference.
Therefore, This article attempts to make a comprehensive analysis and discussion to the electronic control fuel injection engine can’t start, and it aims mainly at the engine can not normal starting phenomenon in the life cycle from the fault tree analysis point of view, finding out the main factors of leading to failure, and put forward the corresponding maintenance measures to improve the safety and reliability of the system.
Engine start failure with fire signs Ignition system fault Mechanical system failure Fuel system fault B16 B17 B15 B14 B11 B13 B12 B Control system fault Injector fault Fuel system doesn’t work properly B5 B4 B7 B6 B3 B2 B1 B10 B9 B8 Fig 2 Electronic control fuel injection engine fault tree FT 2.2 Using the minimum cut set for the evaluation of the fault tree Here we use F-V (Fussell - Vesely) algorithm to confirm the minimum cut set, and carrying out it in sequence from the top event, among which need to use logic gate properties, logic “and” door only increase the capacity of the cut set (fault number), and logic” or” gate increase cut set quantity.
Application of reliability theory and fault tree analysis method, through the establishment of fault tree diagram, making the probability analysis of the top event and the importance degree analysis of the bottom event to the engine fail to start, and find out the electronic fuel injection engine the main factors of start failure, so that saving a lot of time and cost for the maintenance staff. 3 Fault removing methods Through the fault tree analysis, we can obtain the main factors of affecting the electronic fuel injection engine fail to start, then maintenance can be easily carried out.