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Surface properties were also analysed.
However, there is no direct correlation between these two factors as far as the other samples are concerned.
Moreover, cell proliferation on biomaterials also depends on other factors as titanium structures formed [26] and surface properties such as roughness or surface charge [27].
Pisschow, J. de Rijk, Structural, optical and mechanical properties of coloured TiNxOy thin films, Thin Solid Films 449 (2004) 447-448
Cavaleiro, Structural, mechanical and biological properties of Ti-Si-C-ON for biomedical applications, Surf.

Consequently, it is urgent to measure basic mechanical properties of the material and develop a comprehensive constitutive model for reliability and failure analysis.
As a dominative micro-defect in the rupture process of ductile metal, Voids can reduce electrical and thermal conductivity of the joints, degrade the mechanical properties and even induce crack initiation and propagation [9, 10].
The factors that affect voids formation and coalescence are complex and voids will evolution under thermal, mechanical or electrical load.
Now, IC technology drives packaging requirements towards large substrate sizes, greater interconnect density, and more complex geometry and material properties.
The elastic properties of the materials employed in CBGA package are presented in Table 3.

It is possible to solve the problem of obtaining effective fine-grained concretes by using the modifying additives [2-9], due to their concrete structure and properties regulating effect [10-17].
A special part is assigned to dispersion-reinforcing additives [18-20], belonging to the group that regulates the properties of concretes and mortars in accordance with GOST 24211 [21].
Halloysite nanotubes were introduced into the concrete mixture in the form of a stabilized suspension, obtained by ultrasonic dispersion in a bath-type mechanical activator at the ultrasound frequency of 35 kHz.
The selected variation factors affecting FGC properties were the content of cement (C= x1 from 200 to 600 kg per cubic meter of concrete), the content of brass plated fiber (BF= x2 from 0 to 20%) and the content of halloysite nanotubes additive (NA= х3 from 0 to 20%).
Mishina et al, Research of physical-mechanical and rheological properties of high-strength steel fiber concrete, Academia.

The factors studied to evaluate compressive strength of concrete on CO2 curing pressure, curing time, and age of specimen at testing.
Test results indicated that mechanical properties showed a higher value after carbonation [10].
Shi, Experimental study on CO2 curing for enhancement of recycled aggregate properties, Constr Build Mater, 67 (2014) 3–7
Shi, Materials characteristics affecting CO2 curing of concrete blocks containing recycled aggregates, Cem Concr Compos, 67 (2016), 50–59
[10] Jiang Jhy Chang, Weichung Yeih, Ran Huang & Jack Maochieh Chi,  Mechanical properties of carbonated concrete, Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 26 (4): 513-522, 2003.

Analysis and Planning of the Experiments Cutting feed f, cutting depth ap and cutting speed v were three turning element factors, so they were selected as the experimental factors in the Taguchi's L27(3 13) design of experiments; burnishing feed fb, burnishing depth ab and burnishing speed vb were the most important factors in determining burnished surface integrity, so they were selected too.
The key problem was which three factors should be selected as three interactions between with.
Fig.6 shows that the increase in f increases the burnished surface roughness, because the initial idealized surface roughness Rai before burnishing is determined by the surface irregularities and f is the only cutting parameters except the cutting tool properties that determine surface irregularities.
Fig.9 Response graph of microhardness vs. f Fig.10 Response graph of microhardness vs. fb Fig.11 Response graph of microhardness vs. vb Conclusions f is the only significant one among all 9 factors in determining burnished surface roughness, because compared to the critical influence on initial surface roughness, other factors' influence can be neglected and submerge into experimental noise.
The factors related to f including f, ab×f and f×fb all have significant (or highly significant) influence on surface microhardness.

Introduction As is known to all, the chatter in the high-speed grinding is one of the important factors affecting the surface quality of the grinding.
Through analysis of the generative mechanism and effective factors of the regenerative chatter, the dynamical model of the regenerative chatters of the workpiece and grinding wheel during the cylindrical grinding should be established and solved.
So vibration properties of the grinder can be measured by vibration energy.
(2) The dynamical property of the grinding process is influenced by the variation of the grinding parameters.
Taro, in: The Vibration Analysis of Mechanical Machining, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press (1993) [2] I.

Inorder to enhance the mechanical properties of Al/RHA composite, a casting parameters of the composite are to be optimized.
Optimization of squeeze casting parameters for non-symmetrical AC2A aluminium alloy castings was done through Taguchi method and found that squeeze pressure, die preheating temperature and compression holding time were the parameters making significant improvement in their mechanical properties [10].
Design of experiment is a technique of defining and investigating all possible conditions involving multiple factors, parameters and variables in an experiment.
ANOVA helps in formally testing the significance of all main factors and their interactions by comparing the mean square against an estimate of the experimental errors at specific confidence levels.
Among various regression models, a linear regression model was specially employed in mechanical properties study.

However, various process parameters affect the performance of the electromagnetic forming system.
Mechanical model.
Hence, in agreement with the work of Golovashchenko [1], the initial gap distance is mainly defined by the initial voltage and by the insulation properties.
The initial charging voltage V0 and the coil geometry affect the circuit parameters and then the discharged current (via the angular frequency and the damping factor).
But the angular frequency and the damping factor are also dependent on the circuit capacitance which is quite equal to the capacitance of the capacitor bank.

This study investigates the influence of casting parameters on the nodule count of ultrafine spheroidal graphite iron, as nodule count is the major factor for enhancing mechanical properties.
Results showed that silicon content significantly affects graphite fineness (e.g. nodule count) and carbide formation, with a minimum of 3.7% silicon required to prevent carbide formation.
Graphite morphology has a significant impact on the mechanical properties of ductile iron.
Moreover, graphite fineness (expressed by nodule count, nodules/mm2) is also an important role on the mechanical strength of ductile iron.
Unfortunately, only a few studies performed the mechanical test due to the limitation of casting sizes.

It uses instantaneous properties of working fluid, viz., gasoline to calculate heat release rates, needed to quantify combustion development.
In this connection thermodynamic models of the real engine cycle have served as effective tools for the analysis of engine performance and also able to reveal the sensitivity to various operating factors [1-4].
Heat Release Rate Cylinder pressure built by combustion process, is affected by the gas flows, heat transfer, change in volume of combustion chamber and the chemical composition of the fuel.
If the Woschni model is used, hcu and hcb is set to values close to unity because they are treated as weighting factors for the model.
First thermodynamic properties of this mixture are determined.