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Online since: January 2012
Authors: Chun Mu Chen, Guan Wang, Yong Jun Tang
By processing cellulosic biomass into pellets, density and handling efficiencies of cellulosic feedstock can be improved, resulting in reduction of transportation and handling costs.
The measured data were recorded and displaced on a computer.
The reduction and control technology of tar during biomass gasification/pyrolysis: an Overview.
The measured data were recorded and displaced on a computer.
The reduction and control technology of tar during biomass gasification/pyrolysis: an Overview.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Wei Qi, Yue Feng Guo, Yun Feng Yao, Fu Cang Qin
The result shows that in different vegetation patterns, the secondary forest of natural bush have an obvious effect on the nutrient and concentration of organic; in the artificial forest, mingled forest has a better improving effect on soil than the pure forest and natural grassland has the smallest effect; in the same vegetation patterns, organic, total nitrogen present an overall reduction trend with the deepening of soil layer accept 40-60cm soil layers.
After different subtropical artificial forests replace the primeval forest and secondary forest, the compacted forestland surface soil structure and reduction of air permeability are not beneficial for the soil permeability and circulation and transfer of soil moisture, so the soil fertility reduces, thus affecting the growth of aboveground vegetations[4].The content of soil organic matter reduced with the deepening of soil layer thickness[5].
Table.1 Soil organic matter content of different vegetation patterns (g·kg-1) Soil layer (cm) P· sibirica land C· microphylla land P· simonii land U· pumila land Natural grassland P· tableulaeformis×P·sibirica land Secondary forest of natural bush land 0-10 9.86 4.59 11.19 13.43 10.27 14.20 18.87 10-20 10.86 3.36 8.27 11.88 5.55 8.28 18.00 20-40 5.05 1.96 8.65 10.57 3.12 8.83 20.65 40-60 9.93 3.63 5.27 10.70 4.70 10.67 13.25 60-100 10.75 2.06 9.58 10.23 2.82 7.53 12.07 average value 9.29 b 3.29 c 8.59 b 11.36 b 5.29 c 9.91 b 16.56 a Note: The data within the same column with different small letters shows significant difference(P<0.05) The overall law presented by the soil organic matter under the same type of vegetation is that with the deepening of soil layer thickness, the organic matter content decreases.
After different subtropical artificial forests replace the primeval forest and secondary forest, the compacted forestland surface soil structure and reduction of air permeability are not beneficial for the soil permeability and circulation and transfer of soil moisture, so the soil fertility reduces, thus affecting the growth of aboveground vegetations[4].The content of soil organic matter reduced with the deepening of soil layer thickness[5].
Table.1 Soil organic matter content of different vegetation patterns (g·kg-1) Soil layer (cm) P· sibirica land C· microphylla land P· simonii land U· pumila land Natural grassland P· tableulaeformis×P·sibirica land Secondary forest of natural bush land 0-10 9.86 4.59 11.19 13.43 10.27 14.20 18.87 10-20 10.86 3.36 8.27 11.88 5.55 8.28 18.00 20-40 5.05 1.96 8.65 10.57 3.12 8.83 20.65 40-60 9.93 3.63 5.27 10.70 4.70 10.67 13.25 60-100 10.75 2.06 9.58 10.23 2.82 7.53 12.07 average value 9.29 b 3.29 c 8.59 b 11.36 b 5.29 c 9.91 b 16.56 a Note: The data within the same column with different small letters shows significant difference(P<0.05) The overall law presented by the soil organic matter under the same type of vegetation is that with the deepening of soil layer thickness, the organic matter content decreases.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Dlear Rafiq Saber, Omed Ghareb Abdullah
The reductions of optical energy band gap were observed for all samples after annealing at temperatures 70oC for three hours.
The analysis of the optical absorption spectra near the band edge lead to interesting data related to the presence of different processes occurring in polymers.
The reduction of the band gap of these films after thermal treatment, and shifting the absorption properties of these organic molecules to lower energy often gives rise to stability problems to oxidation [18].
The analysis of the optical absorption spectra near the band edge lead to interesting data related to the presence of different processes occurring in polymers.
The reduction of the band gap of these films after thermal treatment, and shifting the absorption properties of these organic molecules to lower energy often gives rise to stability problems to oxidation [18].
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Yao Cheng, Chen Chen, Guang Xue Chen, Jiang Ping Yuan
The workflow of data acquisition.
To avoid the redundant data of the auxiliary plate during the process of scanning, we need to create a datum plane.
Save data.
After all the data acquisitong, we can save the cloud points data as format .txt or .stl for the processing of Geomagic Studio.
For point cloud data preprocessing includes the following aspects: purify point data, point cloud denoising, simplify, unify sampling and wrap.
To avoid the redundant data of the auxiliary plate during the process of scanning, we need to create a datum plane.
Save data.
After all the data acquisitong, we can save the cloud points data as format .txt or .stl for the processing of Geomagic Studio.
For point cloud data preprocessing includes the following aspects: purify point data, point cloud denoising, simplify, unify sampling and wrap.
Online since: September 2015
Authors: Ahmad Farid Abidin, Ismail Musirin, Muhamad Hatta Hussain, S.R.A. Rahim
DOCRs coordination requires the optimal values of Time Multiplier Setting (TMS) whereas the pickup current (Ip) values are based on load and data fault.
In terms of total TSM’s, MSFA technique demonstrates 9.64% time reduction compared to PSO.
The obtained relay settings results to the flexibility of the technique towards reduction of DOCRs operating time as well as avoiding miscoordination for each pair of relays.
In terms of total TSM’s, MSFA technique demonstrates 9.64% time reduction compared to PSO.
The obtained relay settings results to the flexibility of the technique towards reduction of DOCRs operating time as well as avoiding miscoordination for each pair of relays.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: E. Pavithra, Ke Zhu
This paper deals with those disparate approaches, discussing exhaustively the process and application of hydroforming, providing sufficient data to make readers identify the burgeoning areas of research.
The implementation of the response surface, using the moving least square regression model aims to determine the optimal solution for the minimisation of thinning, reduction of underfilling and accuracy of the final fillet radius at the bulge zone corner [21].
Researchers can now think of cost reduction, thereby utilising this to the best extent possible, enabling batch and mass production.
The implementation of the response surface, using the moving least square regression model aims to determine the optimal solution for the minimisation of thinning, reduction of underfilling and accuracy of the final fillet radius at the bulge zone corner [21].
Researchers can now think of cost reduction, thereby utilising this to the best extent possible, enabling batch and mass production.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Max Lu, Muxina Konarova, Jorge Norberto Beltramini
Hydrogen desorption data revealed that samples prepared at 2 hour could release hydrogen at lower temperature (343°C) than those samples prepared at 30 min and 1 hour.
In practice reduction of particle size was achieved through high energy ball-milling [13, 14], nano-confinement of MgH2 in carbon template[15], melt-infiltration[16], chemical vapor deposition[17], hydrogen plasma metal reaction[18], salt reduction[14] and solvated atom dispersion[19].
In practice reduction of particle size was achieved through high energy ball-milling [13, 14], nano-confinement of MgH2 in carbon template[15], melt-infiltration[16], chemical vapor deposition[17], hydrogen plasma metal reaction[18], salt reduction[14] and solvated atom dispersion[19].
Online since: October 2006
Authors: Ulrich Starke, S. Soubatch, W.Y. Lee
Simultaneously, the Auger and XPS data show a decrease in Si intensity.
At each step, again LEED, AES and XPS data were taken to monitor changes to the chemical and structural properties of the surface.
For comparison, the plot also shows AES data from the fresh polished sample (top curve) and a polished sample prepared by the RCA recipe (second curve).
With increasing temperature the (1×1) periodic spots become brighter accompanied by a reduction of the background intensity.
Simultaneously, the Auger and XPS data show a decrease in Si intensity.
At each step, again LEED, AES and XPS data were taken to monitor changes to the chemical and structural properties of the surface.
For comparison, the plot also shows AES data from the fresh polished sample (top curve) and a polished sample prepared by the RCA recipe (second curve).
With increasing temperature the (1×1) periodic spots become brighter accompanied by a reduction of the background intensity.
Simultaneously, the Auger and XPS data show a decrease in Si intensity.
Online since: November 2015
Authors: J. Gadea, C. Junco, V. Calderón, A. Rodríguez
Their compressive strength showed no reduction in ultimate compressive resistance, indicating good resistance to fatigue.
Numerical series of passes in % of polyurethane waste Sieve mesh [mm] 4 2 1 0.50 0.25 0.125 0.063 Sieve remains Average value [%] PUR “A” 100 98.39 79.18 22.21 3.22 0.29 0.00 0.00 PUR “B” 100 98.80 80.88 33.86 5.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 Important data to take into account is the density of each type of polyurethane foam waste, which in this case was as follows (Table 3) Table 3.
The results of flexural and compressive breakage stress tests of these lightweight mortars, which coincides closely with those obtained in previous studies, indicate a reduction in the strength of the mortars with foam waste in accordance with the amount of waste present in each mixture, as may be seen in Table 5.
Density and compressive strength of hardened mortar Label Apparent density of hardened mortar [k/m³] Compressive strength at 6 days[MPa] Compressive strength at 28 days [MPa] MII 4R 2030 10.52 14.33 MIV 4R 2050 8.42 13.85 MIV 6R 1970 3.30 6.32 MII 4PU 50A 1800 9.41 12.32 MII 4PU 50B 1790 8.40 11.70 MIV 4PU 50B 1820 6.05 11.46 MIV 6PU 50A 1670 2.19 4.51 MIV 6PU 75A 1230 1.03 1.89 MIV 6PU 75B 1230 0.74 1.31 In all cases, in addition to the logical reduction in the apparent densities in accordance with the content of polyurethane foam waste, a slight loss of strength of little significance may be observed in the mortars with a substitution of 50% of sand by waste and more importantly, in the mortars with substitution of 75%.
Numerical series of passes in % of polyurethane waste Sieve mesh [mm] 4 2 1 0.50 0.25 0.125 0.063 Sieve remains Average value [%] PUR “A” 100 98.39 79.18 22.21 3.22 0.29 0.00 0.00 PUR “B” 100 98.80 80.88 33.86 5.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 Important data to take into account is the density of each type of polyurethane foam waste, which in this case was as follows (Table 3) Table 3.
The results of flexural and compressive breakage stress tests of these lightweight mortars, which coincides closely with those obtained in previous studies, indicate a reduction in the strength of the mortars with foam waste in accordance with the amount of waste present in each mixture, as may be seen in Table 5.
Density and compressive strength of hardened mortar Label Apparent density of hardened mortar [k/m³] Compressive strength at 6 days[MPa] Compressive strength at 28 days [MPa] MII 4R 2030 10.52 14.33 MIV 4R 2050 8.42 13.85 MIV 6R 1970 3.30 6.32 MII 4PU 50A 1800 9.41 12.32 MII 4PU 50B 1790 8.40 11.70 MIV 4PU 50B 1820 6.05 11.46 MIV 6PU 50A 1670 2.19 4.51 MIV 6PU 75A 1230 1.03 1.89 MIV 6PU 75B 1230 0.74 1.31 In all cases, in addition to the logical reduction in the apparent densities in accordance with the content of polyurethane foam waste, a slight loss of strength of little significance may be observed in the mortars with a substitution of 50% of sand by waste and more importantly, in the mortars with substitution of 75%.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Long Xian Zhu, Pin Lu, Jing Hong Wang, Zhong Yin, Jian Xin He
Under the premise that the sampling plan’s discrimination power was unchanged, the results showed that the acceptance effects of two sampling plans waere almost the same, while the reduction of sample size for the new one was 44%, the inspection time and cost were all reduced.
While the sample size decreased from 125 to 70, a 44% reduction, which can save nearly half of the workload for sampling inspection.
But the inspection sample size drops from 125 to 70, a decrease of 44%, which means a significant reduction in inspection time and costs.
Zhang for their contribution in the data collection in situ.
While the sample size decreased from 125 to 70, a 44% reduction, which can save nearly half of the workload for sampling inspection.
But the inspection sample size drops from 125 to 70, a decrease of 44%, which means a significant reduction in inspection time and costs.
Zhang for their contribution in the data collection in situ.