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Metal oxide Band gap, [eV] Type of conductivity Resistance, [Ohm/m] TiO2 V2O5 WO3 Fe2O3 NiO CuO ZnO Ga2O3 In2O3 SnO2 3.0–3.4 2.2–2.45 2.4–2.85 1.9–2.2 2.0–4.3 1.2–1.4 3.2–3.4 4.2–4.4 3.2–3.7 3.6 n n n n, p p n, p n n n n 1011 101–105 >101–104 102–106 109–1011 10−1–101 10−4–102 >106–108 10−2–102 1–104 Source: Data extracted from [12] According to the band model, most oxides that have a partially filled d band - i.e., for dn with 0 < n < 10 - should be metallic.
This means that dn oxides with n ≥ 1 are potentially susceptible to oxidation as well as reduction.
Table 2 presents data on the electroconductivity of various oxides used in conductometric gas sensors.
According to Krilov and Kiselev [13], the metal oxides of highest valence states, as a rule, are disposed to partial reduction, which leads to an appearance of stoichiometric excess of metal in the lattice of n-type semiconductor.
TPR –temperature program reduction (1% H2); N.R.- no reduction detected (1% H2 + N2) between 150 and 700oC; T.S.

Random characters and quantitative measurements of the density data have been well depicted.
Statistical data of micro-hardness for LZ50 axle steel are listed in Table 1.
ESFCs density data at given DESFC sizes (2a) for the seven specimens (W-1 to W-7) are listed in Table 2.
From this table, it can be seen that all the five distributions have preferable total fit effects to evolution data.
Statistical parameters of EMV1 distribution to the evolution data are given in Table 5.

The technique includes the diffusion of an organometallic precursor dissolved in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) into a polymer substrate and the subsequent treatment of the impregnated substrate by chemical or thermal reduction of the precursor to metal, obtaining metal/polymer nanocomposites [1].
It is important to investigate the thermodynamics of the adsorption of the precursor from the scCO2 phase into the substrate phase for which are necessary in the design and scale-up of SCF impregnation industrial processes [11] and the equilibrium isotherm governs the amount of metal that can be incorporated into the substrate when the reduction is carried out after depressurization.
There are limited data on equilibrium of organometallic compounds into polymers under supercritical conditions [12, 13].
Subsequently, the thermal reduction of Ru(cod)(tmhd)2/PDMS composite was carried out in a quartz tube (Cole-Parmer) placed in a tube furnace (Model F1125 Thermolyne).

To extrapolate the creep behaviour at such experimental conditions from data obtained at lower temperatures, the microstructure instability must be taken into account, since the raft development can strongly influence the dislocation mobility when the dislocations cannot easily cut the long rafted g’, particularly at low stress values typical of the creep tests performed at such high temperatures.
In particular the analysis of Figs 3, combined with the microstructure observations of creep interrupted tests [9] showed that: - stage A: In correspondence of the building up of the raft microstructure, the thickness of the horizontal g channels significantly increases producing a reduction of the Orowan resistance of the dislocation mobility.
Actually the reduction of the creep strain rate with the strain ends when, in absence of some other damage mechanisms, a recovery process prevents a further stress redistribution between the two phases.
During tertiary creep, different stages can be distinguished: · a strongly creep accelerating stage, that occurs during the raft development; · a stage that produces a reduction of the strain rate for the highest temperatures/lowest stresses explored: this stage has been attributed to a redistribution of the local stresses between the g and g’ phases and it disappears in the highest stresses tests; · a further stage where the strain accelerates again, with the strain rate following a linear strain softening relationship in the 900-1000°C interval

Place the specimen into the container, in turn overlying pressure head and cross plates, pre primary load, record dial indicator readings; (3)In the level loads, according to plan at a specific time record dial indicator readings to obtain the displacement of specimen deformation observed by PH meter, pH value, when found in reduction of PH, the time to add concentrated hydrochloric acid, the control constant PH value; (4) Increased weight, load the next level and repeat (3) process
When #1 Specimens are placed in the PH value of 3 hydrochloric acid solution, a large number of bubbles emerge violently, with the time reduction in the number of bubbles.Measuring solution with a PH in the PH value in the experiment increased significantly, it is clear acid solution of the H+ reduction reaction with limestone to replenish the acid to keep PH stable.
Through the above three sets of experimental data, indicate that the deformation after the load transient, even in a relatively short time period, the creep phenomenon is quite obvious.

The factors that go into determining the value of the reduction can be classified according to the cause that produces them.
Depreciation due to age is determined purely by the progressive reduction of the service life of the asset.
The reduction due to income decay is, however, the effect of the lesser utility of an asset already in use compared to the corresponding new one, due to increasing operating costs, along with a more and more frequent need for extraordinary maintenance able to restore its initial efficiency.
Excluding major damage that may be caused to the structure by other events (subsidence, earthquakes, explosions), the data relating to the service life lead to assume optimal frequency of extraordinary maintenance equal to 40 years.

It may be noted that after 20 hours of milling there was a slight reduction in crystallite size of 95 to 85 Å with 20 and 40 hours of milling, respectively.
Conclusions With the increase in milling time there was a reduction in crystallite size up to 20 hours of milling up this time the reduction in crystallite size is small.
Noyes Data Corporation, London, England 1974

But there nano ferroferric oxide magnetic dipole, the interactions between the easy reduction caused by family activity.
But when H2O2 concentration higher than the critical value , due to the OH is captured by the excess H2O2 generated oxidation reduction potential of the lower oxygen free radicals HO., instead the number of OH free radical.
Although reaction HO. free radicals ( oxidation reduction potential of 1.7V ) is a kind of oxide free radical, but it is much lower than OH free radical oxidation ability, which affect the rate of the degradation of MB.
Helman: Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data Vol. 17(1988), p.513 [2] J.X.

Experimental All other chemicals and reagents were purchased from Aladdin and used as received without any further purification unless otherwise specified. 1H NMR spectral data of synthesized samples were recorded on a Bruker ACF 300 spectrometer operating at 400 MHz for 1H nucleus, using CDCl3 solvent and TMS as internal standard, respectively.
Two clear quasi-reversible one-electron reduction waves could be found, which can be attributed to the reduction of the perylenediimide moiety and show the good electron acceptor ability of these materials.12 The onset potential for reduction occurs at -0.63 eV, from which a LUMO level of -3.81 eV could be calculated.

At this stage, it is necessary to test every steel grade in order to find out its properties and lay down the foundation for generalizing the data.
For example, spontaneous viscosity reduction with the temperature increase is sometimes slowed down or is even increased at tan which is the anomaly temperature (Fig.1).
To do this, the physical properties of liquid samples taken in the course of melting were studied, namely: 1 - upon melting, 2 - after mixing, 3 - after reduction, 4 - before doping with nitrogen and vanadium, 5 - before releasing into the bucket, 6 - after degassing and argon purging in the ladle.
Melt transition into an equilibrium state ensures stabilization and increases, in the average, the weight yield at the first revision by 68 - 80 % (due to lack of defective product and loss reduction in the abrasive cleaning the workpiece’s surface).