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Results and discussion A pilot-scale implementation and validation is presented using evolution data from the reference [8].
The DO data are used to estimate parameters and main substrates evolution, attached data like COD, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate are presented to give a comparison with simulation results.
Results comparison of simulation and origin data.
(a) result of PE(Parameter Estimation) using DO data from reference [8] with the GA as the global optimisation algorithm; (b) Comparison of soft sensing result from DO simulation with original process variable data (COD simulation result is adjusted to have same initial value as origin data in order to have more clear comparison).
Gujer: Data-driven modeling approaches to support wastewater treatment plant operation.

In addition, the reducing power of the electrons can induce the reduction of molecular oxygen (O2) to superoxide (O2-).
Pre-purification mainly adjust property of combustion medium, including auxiliary dosage of different fuel for reduction of exhaust formation, improve air active.
The results showed that there was no reduction in NOx removal efficiency after washing the paving blocks with distilled water [4].
This means periodic servicing of the TiO2 materials may be necessary to maintain the pollution reduction effect
It is believed that the pollution elimination effect is more easily quantified using continuous monitoring data for dispersion and ventilation in confined spaces such as canyon streets are poor [18]

ATMDs for reduction of wind turbine vibrations are of topical interest and have been recently shown to be very effective for blades and towers [2].
The in-plane and out-of-plane mode shapes considered have been computed from blade structural data by using the Modes [10] finite element code.
It is clear that the damage induced in the foundation by a reduction in stiffness causes the nacelle/tower vibrations to increase.
Peak-to-peak vibration reductions of up to 52% are achieved by using the active control scheme.
Peak-to-peak reductions of up to 52% were achieved.

Moreover, in the case of high oxygen levels a density reduction occurs in TH4 and in TH5.
However, microhardness reduction may be observed in both composites due to sintering temperature.
• The milling process produces a reduction in peak intensity of HAp components without modifying the crystalline structure of the components used in the composites' production
Further, a slight reduction in the concentration levels of the diverse elements occurs at the points of possible porosity that constitute the composite.
Jose Sasaki of the Department of Physics/UFC for suggestions in the interpretation of Diffractometry data.

The reachable high strengths of HSD-steels enable a possible reduction in sheet metal thickness and can therefore safe weight.
The primary benefit of this is the large reduction in specific energy (energy per unit weight) required to produce the steel.
The Ferro-Mn carburé is inexpensive, but having a high C content has the disadvantage that C content reduction would prove cost intensive and time consuming since only AOD or VOD type process can be used.
The Silico-Mn route provides a cost effective but the reduction of the Si content needs to be addressed.
Taking the resulting data from the theoretical and experimental investigations a proposed EAF route is illustrated in Figure 3.

Thus far, the NPs that are used as colorimetric detectors generally come from the reduction of inorganic and synthetic chemicals.
In this work, the reduction process is carried out on the cellulose matrix, which acts as a stabilizing agent and prevents aggregation, as it can deposit the formed nanoparticles [10].
Thus far, not much research has been done using plant extract as reduction agents to produce functionalized paper with AgNPs intended to detect Cu2+ ions.
The characterization was carried out in the angle range of 5°–90° with a step scan of 0.02°, and then the data was processed using the software HighScore.
Using paper that have 1 hour’s reaction time, the reduction process produced a light brown color on the sensor paper.

Khatib and Clay [5] showed that there was a systematic reduction in absorption by capillary action with the increase in MK content in concrete.
As no absorption characteristic data regarding the use of thermally activated alum sludge ash (AASA) in concrete is currently available, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the near-surface properties of multiple-blended binder concretes containing AASA, SF, GGBS and POFA in both binary and ternary cement blends.
In comparison to the OPC concrete, the AASA concrete experiences a reduction in ISAT values of 11.1% and 38.8% for 15% AASA concrete at 10 min and 120 min, respectively.
This finding may be attributed to reductions in the average pore radius of concrete as C-S-H gel forms from primary hydration and secondary pozzolanic reactions and gradually fills water-filled spaces.
In comparison to the 20% AASA concrete, the a reduction in ISAT values of 26.6%, 11.2% and 20.1% for OPC+AASA20+SF6, OPC+AASA20+GGBS20 and OPC+AASA20+POFA15 concrete mixes at 120 min, respectively.

Preliminary isotopic data indicate an age of 2 My for this formation [15], although biostratigraphic considerations show that some altered iron minerals of the area may be as old as 6 My [16].
As the fluids become more reduced, methanogenesis and sulfate reduction, using hydrogen, become the dominant microbial processes.
Conditions facilitating iron oxidation should be favored over reactions promoting its reduction, which should be avoided.
The development of anaerobic conditions favors the reduction of ferric iron through anaerobic respiration by At. ferrooxidans of reduced sulfur compounds [11], produced during the chemical oxidation of most metallic sulfides, or as the product of sulfate reduction activity, another anaerobic respiration system also present in this type of habitat.
It could well be that in tank reactors under strong aeration conditions its growth is inhibited, but in heap bioleaching operations, in which conditions are similar to a natural system, this bacteria could develop in the anaerobic zone, facilitating the reduction of ferric iron instead of its oxidation.

Two reduction peaks at about 400 and 550 °C are observed on the three tested catalysts.
The first peak corresponds to the reduction of the NiO species of weak and strong interaction with Y/La/W and/or Zr.
The second peak may be assigned to the reduction of solid solution (NiO–ZrO2 and/or NiO–Y2O3/ NiO–La2O3/ NiO–WO3) and ZrO2.
A) H2 consumption from Temperature Programmed Reduction, B) CO2 desorption from Temperature Programmed Desorption of pre adsorbed CO2. 4.
Moreover, the best correlation between basic surface properties and activity data suggested that moderate-basic sites had a positive effect on the catalytic activity of NiZrY systems.

For this, certain well-defined degrees of reduction are required at temperatures above the ´no-recrystallisation´ temperature.
If the critical degree of reduction required for dynamic recrystallisation is reached here, post-dynamic recrystallisation processes like the metadynamic recrystallisation between passes can become effective.
In the rear stands of the finishing mill, reduction takes place below the recrystallisation temperature.
In addition to the tensile test characteristic data, the temperature dependence of the energies absorbed and measured in the Charpy-V notch impact test according to ASTM and the shear fracture portions were determined.
Another reduction of the transition temperature also for alloys with a higher strength requires forming degrees of more than 85%.