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Pitting depends on the top layer of material structure, endurance material properties, surface roughness and the values of the friction coefficient.
In recent years, the issues on improving the mechanical properties of materials by changing their microstructure have been developed.
Impact of Carbides on Contact Fatigue Apart from temperature and time, a form of cementite in annealed steel is an important factor, affecting the kinetics of austenitising.
The shape and the dispersion degree of cementite activate carbides dissolution processes, thus affecting the related changes in carbon contents and in alloy elements in matrix.
It was manifested that one of the factors to reduce the adverse impact of primary carbide banding on contact strength of bearing steel 100CrMnSi6-4 may become properly selected heat treatment.

Today it is well known that the fatigue strength of most structural materials is affected by oxygen and by the relative humidity of the air test environment.
The mechanical properties of the alloy are shown in Table 1.
The stress concentration factor for this specimen shape is less than 1.075.
An ultimate vacuum of 1.33x10 -3 Pa was achieved by using a combination of a mechanical and a diffusion pump.
Table1 Mechanical properties of tested 7075-T6 aluminum alloy. 0.2% Proof stress Ultimate tensile strength Elongation in 50mm 510.2 MPa 544.7 MPa 11% Fig.1 Fatigue test specimen.

This condition, of course, impacts on pollutant factors produced in the combustion process and production cost that is relatively high.
This research shows that the melting time did not significantly alter the mechanical properties of the material [2,3].
Previous research states that the addition of combustion air temperature affects the burning process [9].
Experimental Study of Mixed Composition Bronze Variations and Variation Charges Against Forging Close Fracture Toughness Properties And Materials Hardness Bronze Gamelan.
Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Udayana University.

The application pressure of the sleeve repair affects the amount of stress reduction in the pipe and the amount of crack growth experienced.
Two possible methods of repair of SCC affected pipelines were validated by this work.
If the crack growth over the period of X days is:- ∑∆= 1 X n iCA σ (1) then the average stress range is: - CX A n average 1 )( ) 1 ( =∆σ (2) The linear coefficient "C" can be omitted without affecting this calculation.
The crack growth predictions in Table 1 have not included several important factors such as the actual crack shape, angle to the surface, and the proximity and spacing of other cracks.
Calculations based on mean properties in BS7910 and the measured crack sizes over-predicted the crack growth for the bare pipe by an average of 57% (figure 7).

To research the effect of the material factors with varying speed and pressure conditions, Kumar et al. used a tribological testing rig to evaluate braking performance.
The relative contact pressure p, relative sliding velocity v, and interface relative contact temperature θ are considered to be the influencing factors that need to be corrected, and the correction equation can be obtained: (4) where, K=K0/Ka is the relative wear coefficient.
(a) Braking speed 800 r/min (b) Braking speed 1000 r/min (c) Braking speed 1200 r/min (d) Wear curves Figure 7 Wear results of brake disc with different initial braking speeds. 4.4 Effect of friction coefficient on disc surface wear The working environment of the friction interface is not only affected by complex and variable external factors but also affected by the working life of the brake disc surface [11].
A study on mechanical and tribological behavior of brake pad materials, J.
Tribological properties of aluminum-clay composites for brake disc rotor applications, J.

HIP helps in eliminating porosity, thus enhancing the mechanical properties of the alloys [11].
However, it has been observed that factors such as lamellar spacing and lamellar colony size significantly impact mechanical performance [10, 13]. 2 Materials and Experimental Procedures 2.1 Material and Processing.
Moreover, these microcracks were also observed within lamellar colonies, affecting those identified with the contrast corresponding to the γ phase.
HIP temperature and properties of a gas-atomized γ-titanium aluminide alloy.
Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and mechanical properties in a full lamellar TiAl alloy.

These factors must be compensated to produce adherent diamond coating on carbide substrates.
The first two factors are directly related to pretreatment of the carbide substrate prior to diamond deposition.
Immersion in Murakami’s reagent was intended to etch the WC grains without affecting the cobalt content [7].
Nonetheless, peroxide concentration’s net effect might still affect elsewhere, e.g. in reducing reaction time.
Faga, Surface properties of diamond coatings for cutting tools, CIRP Ann. 56 (2007) 573–576

The alloys with both the shape memory effect and super-magnetostrictive property, making up the deficiencies of low response frequency of conventional shape memory alloy as well as high brittleness and small strain of the super-magnetostrictive material, are an ideal smart driving device material [4-6].
The chemical composition of the parent phase is the “innate” and the most important factors that affect the Ms temperature.
The tiny component changes will cause the sudden changes of the phase transition temperature, thereby affecting the microstructure and the mechanical properties at room temperature.

Comparison Simulation of Friction Heat and Joule Heat in Electromagnetic Railgun Longwen Jin, Bin Lei, Zhiyuan Li and Qian Zhang Shijiazhuang Mechanical Engineering College, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050003, P.
However, the miniaturization of pulsed power supply and the material failure of rail surface which decrease emission efficiency, firing accuracy and lifetime of rails are the important factors which restrict the continued development of railguns.
While the transient temperature rise of the armature/rail contact interface is a key factor to cause the change of the interfacial material properties and material failure.
Friction is a typical energy-consuming process, and in this process mechanical energy transforms into heat energy, sliding friction is an important heat source in the electrical contact process.
The temperature rise affect only the area near the contact interface and the maximum temperature occurred at the bottom of the armature.

The mechanism of the pulsed current annealing affecting the GMI effect is explained qualitatively.
Introduction The giant magneto-impedance (GMI) effect has attracted considerable scientific and technological interest especially because of its applicability in magnetic sensing and as an additional tool to investigate soft magnetic materials properties [1, 2, 3].
The penetration depth depends on electrical and magnetic properties of the conductor, such as conductivity, and circular permeability at a given frequency.
Thus, the magnetic anisotropy is a key factor affecting magneto-impedance effect.
Fig. 1 Experiment set-up for GMI Fig. 2 Schematic view of the magnetization of the magnetic domain The theory of influence of pulsed current annealing on the GMI effect There are two main reasons for the pulsed current annealing affecting the GMI effect.