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FGM eliminates the macro interface in traditional hierarchical composite materials, so it can be used to achieve some specific function[1].
In general, the design guideline of the FGM is to choose two materials with different properties, and continuously change the composition or structure of the two materials with a certain pattern, which makes the FGM physical parameter to change follow the corresponding pattern along a certain direction.
In this paper, we select two materials as given in Table 1 to form the FGM.
Acknowledgements Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
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Testing of Magnetoactive Elastomeric Composite Materials Andrey Ja.
Mazlan, Recent progress on magnetorheological solids: materials, fabrication, testing, and applications, Adv.
Borin, Effect of particle concentration on ferrogel magnetodeformation, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 377 (2015) 373-377
Odenbach, Initial magnetic susceptibility of the diluted  magnetopolymer elastic composites, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 431 (2017) 115–119
Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 862 (2020) 022062.

The effect of ionization radiation on the optical materials is promising in the radiation science and air and space science.
CIGS thin films are I-III-VI2 chalcopyrite semi-conductor materials which have a high absorption coefficient, low mass and flexibility.
Brunel, Solar Energy Materials Sol.Cells. 59 (1999) [12] M.
Davis, Electronic processes in non-crystalline materials, 2nd edn.
Cimenoglu, Journal of Sol-Gel Science Technology No. 6, Springer (2013), p. 620–627

Electrolyte materials.
Catalyst materials.
Electrode materials.
Catalyst materials.
Catalyst materials.

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 232(15), (2018) 2711-2722
The advances of tribology in materials and energy conservation and engineering innovation.
EDP Sciences, (2023) p. 01014
Tribology in materials processing.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 48(1-4), (1995) 503-515

Its material flow process is that, mining resources flow in the production process as raw materials, and then products made from raw materials access to trading market.
After purchased and used by consumers, waste materials changed from products are released to the environment, while those generated in the production are directly discharged to the environment[4].
This industry converts waste materials generated during production and utilization into reutilizing resources and products, including two processes, firstly, wastes are converted into renewable resources, then renewable resources are processed into products[5].
Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition, 2006(5): 43~45(in Chinese)
Journal of Guangxi Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) ,2009,45(3):33~37(in Chinese)

A Review on Water Footprint Research of Materials Industry Hualong Chen1,a, Yu Liu1,2,b*, Xianzheng Gong1,c, Liwei Hao3,d, Boxue Sun1,e, Xiaoqing Li1,f 1National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Big-data Application Technology, Beijing 100124, China 2Beijing University of Technology, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100124, China 3Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research / State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing 100041, China a2365993639@qq.com, b*liuyu@bjut.edu.cn, cgongxianzheng@bjut.edu.cn, dhlw717@126.com, esunboxue@bjut.edu.cn, flixiaoqing@bjut.edu.cn Keywords: Water footprint; Sustainable utilization; Research progress; Accounting methods Abstract.
Thirdly, the case studies on the water footprint of metallic materials, nonmetallic materials and chemical materials were reviewed to analyze its guidance significance on the sustainable development of water resources.
Water Footprint Application Research of Materials Products—Metallic Materials.
Water Footprint Application Research of Materials Products—Nonmetallic Materials.
Water Footprint Application Research of Materials Products—Chemical Materials.

Many different kinds of biomass materials are widely distributed rich [3] and have good biodegradability [4], also compared with synthetic polymer materials.
Through physical or mechanical processing [9], biomass materials will be directly made into all kinds of products; by polymer chemical reaction, the use of biomass materials can prepare the material [10] which have different structure and chemical properties; a kind of biomass materials with another kind of biomass material or synthetic polymer materials can also prepare the new material which has better quality by the method of composite or blend [11]; In the presence of catalyst and hot [12], the biomass material transform into smaller molecular weight of chemical raw materials, this is more than ten years gradually arisen a kind of biomass material utilization way.
[8] Lee S H,Teramoto Y,Shiraishi N.Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2000,77:2901
[15] He Weichang,Wang Tianmin.Materials review,2006,20(1):1
[19] Li Zhaojian.Journal of applied foundation and engineering science, 2006, 14(1):40

Zhang: Journal of Hydrodynamics.
Zhan: Journal of Hydrodynamics.
Zulehner: Lecture Notes in Computer Science.
Li: Advances in Materials Manufacturing Science and Technology XII Materials Science Forum.
Wui: Journal of Anshan University of Science and Technology.

A special AC magnetometer was designed and used for the magnetic measurements at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering of BUTE.
Mitra: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Vol. 322 (2010) p 589
Gasparics: Materials Science Testing and Inf.
Ginsztler: Materials Science Forum Vols. 537-538 (2007) p. 419
Mészáros: Materials Science Forum Vols. 414-415 (2003) p 275.