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In a casting process, the temperature and concentration fields will affect the microstructures of materials and this influence is the key point of improving their mechanical and physical properties.
Introduction The solidification process of a casting is strongly related to both fundamental physics and applied materials science.
Cadirli, E. and Gunduz, M., 2000, “The Directional Solidification of Pb-Sn Alloys,” Journal of Materials Science, Vol.35, No.15, pp.3837-3848. 2.
N. and Trivedi, R., 2002, “Primary Dendrite Distribution and Disorder during Directional solidification of Pb-Sb Alloys,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, Vol.33, No.11, pp.3499-3510. 4.
A. and Garcia, A., 2003, “Cellular Spacings in Unsteady-State Directionally Solidified Sn-Pb Alloys,” Materials Science and Engineering, Vol.361, Issues 1-2, pp.111-118. 5.

Deformation and fracture mechanics of engineering materials[M]．John Wiley and Sons Inc, 1996
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2000, 19(4): 468-47l.
Introduction of equation of material state[M].
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering. 2007, 26(6): 1266-1272..
Nanjing: PLA University of Science and Technology, 2006.

Preparation of Silica Microcapsules Containing Phase Change Paraffin Wax Chunyan Miao1, a, Gang Lü 1, b,Ke Cao 1, c,Youwei Yao1, d, Guoyi Tang 1, e, and Duan Weng2, f 1 Institute of Advanced Materials, Graduated School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China 2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, China a email: miucy04@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn, bemail: lv04@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn c email: caok05@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn, demail: yaoyw@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn e email: tanggy@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn, femail: duanweng@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Keywords : phase change materials; paraffin; microcapsule; emulsion; silica Abstract.
On the one hand, metal materials were directly used to make containers of different shape for paraffin wax for various applications [1]; on the other hand, considerable studies on a latent heat storage system using encapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) have been reported.
Experimental Materials.
Fig. 4 (a) Sketched model, (b) Temperature in the model lining with wallpaper containing micro-P1 Summary Microcapsules of paraffin wax as phase change material were prepared with TEOS as shell-forming materials in emulsion system.
Submitted to Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan (2006) [6] R.K.

Haque: ACI Materials Journal, ACI, V.84(1987), pp.14-19
Thomas: ACI Materials Journal, ACI, V.104(2007), pp.62-69
Ma: ACI Materials Journal, ACI, V.96(1999), pp.391-397
Haque: ACI Materials Journal, ACI, V.90(1993), pp.452-462
Gardner: ACI Materials Journal, ACI, V.87(1990), pp.68-78

Materials Silk power spinning was purchased from Heng Da Textile Co., Dalian.
So we chose 1:20 as the material-solvent ratio.
Wool Textile Journal 2006;12 :5 - 8
Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2005;22(2):159 - 161
Journal of Yangzhou University: Agricultural and Life 2006;27(3):81 – 83

Ding: Materials Letters Vol.56(2002), p.53 [2] Q.
Ding: Materials Letters Vol.57(2003), p.3851 [3] J.
Zhou: Journal of Materials Science Letters Vol.19(2000), p.1825 [4] C.
Nemati: Materials Science and Engineering Vol.A490 (2008) , p.250 [8] Q.
Li: Advanced Materials Research Vol. 311(2011), p.197

Experiment Materials and Equipment Joints were conducted with Al5052 alloy and titanium alloy TA1 sheets of 1.5 mm in thickness.
Acknowledgment This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50965009).
Ship Science and Technology[J]，2009,31（12）, p.110.In Chinese [2] Qun Zi.
Mechanism of superiority of fatigue strength for aluminum alloy sheets joined by mechanical clinching and self-pierce riveting [J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2012, 212 (9):1900-1905
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2010, 48(5-8):607-612

Furthermore, DEM can reveal the mechanism of the mechanical, physical and chemical evolutive process of materials and structures in both the meso- and micro-scale [6].
The mechanical model of biological surfaces in DEM In DEM, the continuous model of meso- and micro-scale materials is established by integrating the contact elements.
In order to represent the inherent force of the mechanical characteristics of the continuous materials, the contact-bond model between the contact elements was established.
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science Vol. 209 (1995), p. 221
[10] Tong J, Ma Y H, Ren L Q, Li J Q: Journal of Materials Science Letters Vol. 19 (2000), p. 529.

The light side temperature of ordinary glass and Low-E glass Visible Light Transmittance Ratio (τ) The visible light transmittance ratio refers to the rate of the intensity of light penetrating through transparent materials to the incident light intensity in visible light band (380-780 nm).
[4] Li Liang, Hongwei Tan, Shuring Zheng, et al, Analysis on energy-saving potential of transparent insulating glass coating, Chinese Journal of Building Science, Vol.29, No.4 (2013), p. 6-9
[7] Tengda Sun, Jiachun Xie, Jin Ling, et al, Preparation of ZnO ohmic electrode and study of UV photoelectrical characteristics of n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction, Journal of University of Science and Technology China, Vol. 36, No. 3 (2006), p. 328-332
[9] Chaoyang Zhao, Wenqi Liu, Zhuxi Fu, etal, I-V and photoelectricity properties of ZnO/Si heterojunction on different substrate, Journal of University of Science and Technology China, Vol. 38, No. 11 (2008), p. 1262-1267
[13] Hongbo Tong and Qing Liu, Research development on thin film electroluminescent phosphor materials, Chinese Journal of Surface Technology, Vo1. 37, No. 3 (2008), p. 65-67.

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