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Tin bronzes are characterized by a number of properties including wide crystallization range, significant difference between the components’ specific weight, and, most importantly, absence of copper-lead miscibility in solid state and limited solubility in liquid state.
Effect of the pouring temperature on the volume fraction (V) (a, b) and average size (Dm) (c, d) of lead and eutectoid inclusions in tin leaded bronze samples: a, b – distribution of lead inclusions; c, d – distribution of eutectoid grains.
At a high pouring temperature the dendrites of the primary a-phase are larger and more branched, which accounts for the size reduction of the lead and eutectoid grains.
When increasing the pouring temperature the lead and eutectoid grains get smaller while the matrix grains are enlarged.

Characteristics such as grain size, phase fraction, phase morphology, and phase distribution all influence the properties, and the final microstructure are highly depended on the processing route and/or thermo-mechanical treatment.
After solution treated, a complete martensitic structure had been obtained, which is a network of primary long martensitic needles with secondary short platelets, and the grain obtained was very coarse (Fig1.a).
Fig.4 Microstructure of TC21 alloy after isothermal treated between 500℃ to800℃ for different time (a)500℃/1h(OM), (b)500℃/50h(OM), (c) 700℃/30s(OM), (d) 700℃/10min(SEM), (e)800℃/30s(OM), 800℃/30min(SEM) Fig.4a showed the cellular microstructure at prior β phase grain boundaries (Indicated by an arrow) after isothermal treated at 500℃ for 1h.
When isothermal temperature increases, the number of nucleation sites and nuclear driving forces increases.
These nucleation sites seem to be homogeneously distributed within the grain.

So, when modeling combat system, not only coarse-grained model is needed but also fine-grained model is needed.
Most military user preferred to fine-grained model with high resolution because he want to make decision or train solider.
The coarse-grained model need to be refined to a certain granularity, that is to say, physical entities, tactical behavior and task planning are directly to be modeled for determining and understanding the key parameters of operational scenario.
The movement direction is determined by eight personality factor: 1) Influence factor of enemy agent. () 2) Influence factor of neutral agent. () 3) Influence factor of friend agent. () 4) Influence factor of commander () 5) Influence factor of features () 6) Influence factor of targets () 7) Influence factor of task () 8) Influence factor of terrain（） For example, means that more the number of the injured enemy agents, stronger the force as formula 1 shows, (1) is the weight of Influence factor.

Most of the island phase distributed on the grain boundary of ferrite.
According to the analysis of SEM results, there is no significant difference on grain size and the amount of island phases.
（a） （b） （c） （d） Fig. 1 Microstructures by SEM of the samples (a) sample 1, (b) sample 2, (c) sample 3, (d) sample 4 Microstructure analysis by TEM The mechanical properties of the samples are quite different, while the microstructure and grain size are quite similar according to the SEM results.
Fig. 3a shows the main microstructure of the sample 4 - island phase distributing on the grain boundary of ferrite, Fig. 3b is the bright field image of an island phase, and Fig. 3c is the dark field image of the same island phase and its selected area diffraction pattern.
(2) When the rapid cooling temperature was over 500 ˚{TTP}730 C, the main microstructure of the samples were ferrite and island martensite with austenite, and there is large number of island retained austenite phase.

After a number of laser trials were given, the processing parameters were set as follows:1000W laser power, 15mm/s beam speed and 25% overlap ratio.
ZM5 substrate consists of α Mg-based solid solution, surrounded by a net work secondary phase of plates located mostly at grain boundaries.
The interface is defect-free with a significant refinement of grains due to melting and rapid solidification.
For Fig.4(b),the microstructure of the coatings containing Y2O3 is finer than that without Y2O3.The grain is finer than that of the Al coating(Fig.4(a)).
This was attributed mainly to the presence of rare earths in the cladded layer causing grain refinement.

Fig.1 Macroscopic examination of the slab of 30CrMo steel Table 3 Gas content of the slab of 30CrMo steel Steel grade number Gas Distribution on slabs Inner arc 1/4 under the surface center 1/4 above the bottom Outer arc 30CrMo 1 O 0.0019 0.0020 0.0025 0.0019 0.0018 N 0.0037 0.0039 0.0043 0.0041 0.0040 2 O 0.0017 0.0018 0.0024 0.0020 0.0019 N 0.0040 0.0041 0.0037 0.0038 0.0032 It can be got from Table 3 that T[O] content in the liquid steel was less than 0.003%, average [N] content was 0.0045%,and in the thickness direction [O] content and [N] content distribute uniformly which reached clean steel requirements. 5.2 Mechanical performance It can be seen from Table 4 that tensile performance of 30CrMo steel with thickness of 3mm and 5mm is shown in Table 4, brinell hardness shows in Fig 2.
Fig.3 Brinell hardness distribution in cross direction of 30CrMo plate It can be seen from Fig.3 that hardness uniformity in cross direction was good of hot rolling plate when gap of the value in different place less than 8HB which ensure the hardness after heat treating and structure uniformity ,guarantee the service performance of steel finally. 5.3Microstructure and inclusion Took samples from head, medium and end part of 30CrMo plate to observe their metallurgical structure, crystal grain grade and assess their inclusion.
Table 5 Metallurgical structure, crystal grain grade and inclusion assessment of 30CrMo plate Position Inclusion Metallurgical structure crystal grain grade Head B0.5, D1 Ferrite + perlite, Fig.4 12 Medio A1, B0.5, D1 Ferrite + perlite, Fig.5 11.5 End D1 Ferrite + perlite, Fig.6 12 Fig.4 Metallurgical structure of the head sample Fig.5 Metallurgical structure of the medio sample Fig.6 Metallurgical structure of the end sample It can be seen from Table5 and Fig4 to Fig.6 that the inclusion grade was A0.5-A1, B0.5, D1 which declared the liquid purity of 30CrMo steel was high and inclusion was small.
All structure were both perlite and ferrite , crystal grain grade was high which between11 to 12.5. 6 Conclusion 1) Entity performance can match technical requirements through converter -continuous casting-hot rolling process with tensile strength Rm less than 900 MPa and HB less than 230. 2) Hardness uniformity of 30CrMo steel in thin specification, HB difference in longitude direction was less than 24 and the value was less than 8 in breadth direction. 3)The purity of 30CrMo steel of thin specification from converter –continuous casting- hot rolling craft line was high ,structure was uniformity and the performance was stable.

The additives also changed the microstructure of the ceramics, and relatively uniform grains and voids were observed with the simultaneous addition.
Because specific surface area decreases with increasing firing temperature, we considered that the number of adsorption sites would be greatest in the samples fired at 700 °C.
In the sample fired at 700 °C, uniform grains have gathered to form uniform micro-voids.
(Symbols are the same as those in Fig.1) 60 70 80 90 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 Relative humidity / % Impedance / Ω Solid line : Increasing humidity Dotted line : Decreasing humidity sensitivity for a T99/L0.25/V0.75mol% Fig. 4 Reversible characteristics of humidity samples fired at 700ºC to 900ºC 60 70 80 90 0 10 20 30 40 50 Relative humidity / % Impedance / kΩ 700 ℃ 800 ℃ 900 ℃ 700 ℃ 800 ℃ 900 ℃ Increasing humidity decreasing humidityvarious sizes of anisotropic grains are recognized in the microstructure of the sample fired at 900ºC.
The formation of larger voids may be due to the shape anisotropy of the grains, and in spite of these larger pores, the humidity sensitivity of the sample is decreased and hysteresis becomes quite noticeable as shown in Fig. 4.

The fine-grained checkpoints result in high degree of trustworthy, but low software running efficiency.
Therefore, it should be balanced between the grain of checkpoints and the software running efficiency.
When the number of checkpoints in is , it is determined as adding a new branch and let be 1.
The grain of function checkpoint is set to system call in our experiment.
Our future work is to try to do with several grains of checkpoint in order to provide a more standard and general software development approach for trustworthy software.

The physical factors include form (particulate or bulk), porosity, surface area, and crystallinity (crystal size, crystal perfection grain size).
Factors tending to increase rate or extent of biodegradation include increases in porosity, reductions in crystal size, increase in number of crystal imperfections, and decreases in grain size.
Materials Two types of Ca-P ceramic (M1 and M2) were synthesized by a melting process and crushed to a grain size of 50-125 µm for the plasma spraying process.
The alloy was roughened with corundum granulas of the grain size 0, 5 - 1mm with a jet pressure by 3 bar.

Because of the characteristics of partial crystallized alloys and lager copper grains in raw materials it is difficult to obtain contact materials with high qualities and high productivity through mixing alloy powders and infiltrating[5,6].
And the assessing parameters of spray deposit include grain size, grain distribution, densification, etc.
Table 1 The effect of parameters on microstructures, density, and forming Gas pressure （MPa） Flight distance （mm） Surface of deposit Size of the grain Measured density／Theory density 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 500 700 500 700 500 Coarse Coarse Good Good Good 5～15mm 5～15mm 3～10mm 3～8mm 3～6mm 94％ 93％ 96％ 93％ 94％ 3.2 Microstructure Analysis of As-deposited Preforms The microstructures of the center and the edge of as-deposited preforms were shown in Fig.1.
The presence of such chromium particles lead to the increase of the number density of nuclei in the top layer of the spray- deposited material, and effectively inhibited the formation of dendritic chromium phases during deposition.