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Fig. 1 Form of bridge structure Nodes are created in the order from bottom to top and connected to form units which were endowed to corresponding unit type, shape of cross section and material properties.
Modeling factors The initial model is modified considering different modeling factors: (a) The synergy between steel tubular and concrete.
According to the formula 1 and 2, steel section is transformed into concrete section, the elastic modulus and section properties are calculated to modify the initial model.
To avoid and solve the disadvantage influence to structure stress with the factors, these modeling factors should be considered.
Mechanical System and Signal Processing, (2007), p. 2406-2426

Besides, the dynamic characteristics of anti-backlash gear system have a significant effect on the performance of overall mechanism, and the torsion spring preload of anti-backlash gear is an important factor to affect the dynamic characteristic.
As we all know, the factors such as material properties of parts, structural design and processing have an important effect on dynamic characteristics.
Since the rigid-flexible model inevitably includes some finite element parts, it would affect the speed of simulation.
Rigid-flexible coupling model would be used to analyze the impact of the torsion spring preload on the dynamics of anti-backlash gear system in the next section 4 Influence of the torsion spring preload on the dynamic characteristics of the backlash gear system by rigid-flexible model The resonant frequency is an inherent property of mechanical systems, and it doesn’t substantially vary with the applied load varies.

First, the non-linear constitutive models must be calibrated to match the properties of the materials used in the experimental tests.
They are related to (a) size of the contact surface between the panel and concrete beams, (b) elasticity and damping of the boundary conditions due to the presence of the soil and (c) strain rate effects affecting the material properties for dynamic loading.
However, the curve (i) in Figure 7 suggests that, part of the blast energy was dissipated by the damping properties of the soil.
Dynamic increase factors for concrete.
Dynamic increase factors for steel reinforcing bars.

The first type usually has a low frequency and does not affect the product surface quality.
The coefficients (k2) and (c2) define the elastic and damping properties of the rolls and their interaction between work roll and backup roll.
These constants were calculated after linearization of nonlinear properties around the steady state rolling condition.
Parameters for mill stand configuration and material properties in this research were taken from Johnson and Qi [15] and are listed in the following tables.
It is found that, the elastic properties of the strip out of the roll gap have essential effect on chattering of the stand.

The general energy equation of the thermoelement with variable material properties is formulated with heat convection modeled as a lateral heat source.
The general energy equation of TE with variable material properties is formulated with heat convection modeled as a lateral source of heat.
The general energy equation for a one-dimensional TE of non-uniform cross section and non-constant material properties is formulated as follows (1) We assume no variation in physical properties in lateral direction even though the thickness is a function of x.
The above equation is approached for constant material properties to study the main parameters, this is due to high complexity expected from the interfacing between electrical and mechanical fields, the above equation is rewritten for constant material properties as below; (2) Assume that where L is the length of the TE from the inlet section to where maximum cross-sectional area is found, at this section throat is created in the gas passage, heating should be reversed to cooling, so at this point the second boundary condition should be; .
In the controlling equation another factor has the eligibility to effect the temperature gradient; it is geometry factor as it is appear in the above equation; The optimum profile for temperature distribution is the one which has rapid switching in the neighborhood of the maximum area from efficient heating to efficient cooling, this can be imagined when peak maximum temperature is switched to peak minimum temperature suddenly at throat point, this really is not applicable, but it worthily to understand and to determine our target that the below condition should be approached to get the optimum heating and cooling, so at throat point it is preferable to be; The new defined nondimensional factors named according to their physical meanings; Heat Resistivity Factor (HRF), and Energy Growing Factor (EGF), they can be substituted into none dimensional equation as shown below; (6) Numerical Results and Analysis.

Araya et al fabricated different open-cell structures and comparatively tested the compressive properties [21].
Rheological properties of ABS slurry influence the flow behaviors and stability during printing.
The properties can be attributed from the continuous curved nature of the minimal surface.
There are two factors influencing support choice, ie. macroscopically the helmet geometry and microscopically the TPMS lattice.
Roman-Flores, Mechanical metamaterials with topologies based on curved elements: An overview of design, additive manufacturing and mechanical properties, Materials & Design 233 (2023) 112190

Table 1 Tensile properties and fracture toughness of TA29 Titanium alloy blisk forging.
Results and Discussion Microstructure and Mechanical Properties.
The creep properties, fracture toughness and fatigue properties are well matched through appropriate heat treatment.
There are many factors affecting the fatigue crack growth behavior of materials.
(2) Temperature has a significant effect on the fatigue crack growth properties of TA29 alloy.

Minimum Sensitivity Robust Design of Cycloid Pinwheel Speed Reducer Lu Xinchun1, a 1School of mechanical engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China aluxinchun111@126.com Keywords: Cycloid pinwheel; Speed reducer; Robust optimal design; Minimum sensitivity Abstract: This paper advanced a kind of method that put sensitivity analysis of target function and restriction conditions into robust optimal design of cycloid pinwheel speed reducer.
Especially, some important parameters affect the properties and service life of reducer directly.
Usually, the load and material properties are regard as constants in design.
In this design, considering input power P and input shaft speed n will be fluctuation with the effect of the external factors, so they were regard as uncontrollable factors.
References [1] Department of Mechanical in Zhengzhou Institute of Technology, Cycloid Pinwheel Planetary Transmission, first ed., Beijing Science Press, Beijing, 1979

Therefore, forklift hydraulic system quality will directly affect the forklift's performance.
In addition, a symptom may be a failure factor, and it also may be the combined effects of multiple failure factors; a failure factor may be a symptom, and it also may be multiple symptoms, so between the fault phenomenon and the fault causes form a complex network relationships.
Acquisition secondary rule knowledge Secondary rule for forklift hydraulic systems knowledge acquisition can be summarized as follows: (1) Understanding the forklift hydraulic system components and working principle, the rules in a knowledge-based decision making decision table constructed on the property; (2) Sample properties parameter selection.
These samples can be made ​​of diagnostic rules; these rules do not change the original diagnosis of the diagnosis result information table, and achieve fault tolerance, that is to say, if the important properties of some conditions attribute are low, it can not be considered, the diagnosis results will not affect.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2006,17(16):1672-1674

The paper studied the effect of beads on mechanical properties, pore structure and microcosmic structure of beads-cement system, based on the density of the powder particles research.
Effects of beads on mechanical properties of composite cementing materials The cement paste under the water-binder ratio of 0.2 and admixture content of 0.8% were prepared followed the mix proportion in Table 1.
Fig. 5 The effects of beads content on mechanical properties of composite cementing materials As seen in Fig. 5, when the content of beads is between 0~15%, the compressive strength of hardened cement paste cured by 3d, 7d and 28d increase gradually as the content of beads increases.
The compressive strength of beads-cement composite cementing materials is decided by two factors: hydration activity and initial packing density of powder.
Shen: Methodology for characterization of cement compacts and evolution of structure & properties of hydrated cement compacts (Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, 2010)