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Online since: November 2013
Authors: Zhi Heng Yu, Cheng Li Zhao
Figure 2 shows that second-order differential test data can be smoothly.
From this case we can see that GM model requires small amount of data, and has a higher predictive power in not obvious cyclical data, while ARMA requires a relatively large amount of initial data.
In this case the amount of the initial data has just reached the basic requirement, and the initial data does not appear obvious periodicity, and therefore ARMA does not pick off the periodicity, which results in a greater error.
Prediction results showed that in the case of small amount of data and the inconspicuous cycle, GM(1,1) had a better fit while ARMA model is poor fit in insufficient data or the implicit cyclic case.
In the future, I want to increase the amount of data so as to re-examine the comparative performance of the two predict models in the case of the full amount of data.
From this case we can see that GM model requires small amount of data, and has a higher predictive power in not obvious cyclical data, while ARMA requires a relatively large amount of initial data.
In this case the amount of the initial data has just reached the basic requirement, and the initial data does not appear obvious periodicity, and therefore ARMA does not pick off the periodicity, which results in a greater error.
Prediction results showed that in the case of small amount of data and the inconspicuous cycle, GM(1,1) had a better fit while ARMA model is poor fit in insufficient data or the implicit cyclic case.
In the future, I want to increase the amount of data so as to re-examine the comparative performance of the two predict models in the case of the full amount of data.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Zhi Bin Li, Xi Ju Lu
To find some original factors influenced on the energy efficiency, we used energy data concerned during 1996-2008 in China and calculated the efficiency data in Laspeyres Decomposition, then analyzed the factors' influence values and energy efficiency's developing trend, at last, put forward the strategic advice.
The data showed that energy intensity has declined from 1996 to 2008, and energy intensity change was mainly affected by technological progress factors.
Because the change value of energy intensity is the value that the latter energy intensity has reduced the original one, so if the value is negative, is that the factor has played a positive role in promoting on the overall energy intensity reduction, otherwise not.
Data Description and Analysis The paper used the data during 1996-2008 from "China Statistical Almanac" and "China Energy Statistical Almanac" to analyze.
And sorted out the three of China's industrial output, the proportion of the structure, as well as industrial energy consumption data from the Almanacs, then applied the above-mentioned formulas to calculate.
The data showed that energy intensity has declined from 1996 to 2008, and energy intensity change was mainly affected by technological progress factors.
Because the change value of energy intensity is the value that the latter energy intensity has reduced the original one, so if the value is negative, is that the factor has played a positive role in promoting on the overall energy intensity reduction, otherwise not.
Data Description and Analysis The paper used the data during 1996-2008 from "China Statistical Almanac" and "China Energy Statistical Almanac" to analyze.
And sorted out the three of China's industrial output, the proportion of the structure, as well as industrial energy consumption data from the Almanacs, then applied the above-mentioned formulas to calculate.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Ming Wen Ren, Pin Kui Ma, Zhi Ping Guan, Po Zhao
Therefore, the uniform strain vs. strain rate relation can be taken as a quantitative reference for designing a reasonable strain path during superplastic forming with increase of formability and reduction of forming time.
In this study, the instabilities in superplastic tension of Zn-5%Al alloy at 340 ℃ will be investigated with Considere criterion and Hart criterion at quantitative level, based on the constitutive equation with varying parameters proposed in Reference [8], comparing with the experimental data of limit strain in superplastic tension of Zn-5%Al alloy at 340 ℃.
For Zn-5%Al alloy at 340 ℃, the values of k, gi (i=0-6) and hj (j=0-7), which were determined through surface fitting on test data in Reference [8], are listed in Table 1.
As a contrast, Fig. 4 shows the experimental data of limit strain (denoted by red ●) in superplastic tension under different strain rates for Zn-5%Al alloy at 340 ℃.
In this study, the instabilities in superplastic tension of Zn-5%Al alloy at 340 ℃ will be investigated with Considere criterion and Hart criterion at quantitative level, based on the constitutive equation with varying parameters proposed in Reference [8], comparing with the experimental data of limit strain in superplastic tension of Zn-5%Al alloy at 340 ℃.
For Zn-5%Al alloy at 340 ℃, the values of k, gi (i=0-6) and hj (j=0-7), which were determined through surface fitting on test data in Reference [8], are listed in Table 1.
As a contrast, Fig. 4 shows the experimental data of limit strain (denoted by red ●) in superplastic tension under different strain rates for Zn-5%Al alloy at 340 ℃.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Ming Fang Lu, Shu Hao Chuang, Hsing Juin Lee
Benefiting from the reduction of buoyancy convection and hydrostatic pressure under microgravity, many theoretical and numerical simulations have been carried out to explain the mechanisms of pattern formation.
(7) the undercooling ΔT is a kinetic data and it also depends on the mechanisms of facet formation.
reduction of gravitational acceleration makes the interface more convex and the facet protrudes more toward the centerline of the crystal.
Through the analysis, the following results were obtained: (1) A two-dimensional transient interface position has been simulated for a convex interface, based on the kinetic undercooling theory and gravity effect. (2) Numerical studies for crystal growth process under varying gravity conditions discovered that buoyancy-induced convection does not influence the flow pattern. (3) For a gravitational acceleration of gz= -0.98 m/s2, the maximum difference of the centerline interface location is about 5 times the steady state in the initial transient period. (4) The reduction of gravitational acceleration makes the interface more convex and the facet protrudes more toward the centerline of crystal.
(7) the undercooling ΔT is a kinetic data and it also depends on the mechanisms of facet formation.
reduction of gravitational acceleration makes the interface more convex and the facet protrudes more toward the centerline of the crystal.
Through the analysis, the following results were obtained: (1) A two-dimensional transient interface position has been simulated for a convex interface, based on the kinetic undercooling theory and gravity effect. (2) Numerical studies for crystal growth process under varying gravity conditions discovered that buoyancy-induced convection does not influence the flow pattern. (3) For a gravitational acceleration of gz= -0.98 m/s2, the maximum difference of the centerline interface location is about 5 times the steady state in the initial transient period. (4) The reduction of gravitational acceleration makes the interface more convex and the facet protrudes more toward the centerline of crystal.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: C.G. Zhang, Zheng Fang Shi, J. Miao
In accordance with the principles we treat with these data.
The position of Zn2+ adsorption is occupied by other substance (such as H2SeO3), Zn2+ reduction is fewer than HSeO3- reduction, so it advantageously forms Se groups.
So the reduction of selenium would increase, it is because the side reaction would appear with the enhancement of current density.
The position of Zn2+ adsorption is occupied by other substance (such as H2SeO3), Zn2+ reduction is fewer than HSeO3- reduction, so it advantageously forms Se groups.
So the reduction of selenium would increase, it is because the side reaction would appear with the enhancement of current density.
Online since: July 2013
Authors: P.M. Ajith, P. Sathiya, Kondaiah Gudimetla, B. Ravishankar
The fact of the mechanical resistance increases with the grain size reduction makes interesting the production of materials with an extremely small grain size.
However, in practice, this situation is restrict in conventional conformation process, like the extrusion or stretching, it happens cause of this two reasons: the total strain that can be imposed to the material is limited by the cross sectional reduction in the specimen, and, the total strain imposed is insufficient to introduce an ultrafine grain structure to the material, due the low workability of these materials at room temperature.
There is significant reduction in the grain size.
The freely corroding potentials (Icorr) of duplicate coupons were recorded with a 16+ bit data-logger at an interval of 3 hours for the entire exposure period of 3 hours.
However, in practice, this situation is restrict in conventional conformation process, like the extrusion or stretching, it happens cause of this two reasons: the total strain that can be imposed to the material is limited by the cross sectional reduction in the specimen, and, the total strain imposed is insufficient to introduce an ultrafine grain structure to the material, due the low workability of these materials at room temperature.
There is significant reduction in the grain size.
The freely corroding potentials (Icorr) of duplicate coupons were recorded with a 16+ bit data-logger at an interval of 3 hours for the entire exposure period of 3 hours.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Xiang Lou Gao, Jia Yun Xia
Recently, use of price mechanisms has become animportant strategy for carbon emission reduction, whilecarbon taxes have been frequently advocated as a costeffectiveinstrument.
Conclusion Finally, we get the conclusions via analyzing data and model. 1.Under carbon tax policy , Government can control the emission of the conpany by adjusting the rate of carbon tax. the higher carbon tax rate is , the less the company emits. 2.
Beyond Kyoto: a tax-based system for the global reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
[9] Y.B Zhu et al.Reduction of emissions of carbon tax policy and its impact on China's economic impact analysis.China Soft Science Magazine,Vol.4(2010)
Conclusion Finally, we get the conclusions via analyzing data and model. 1.Under carbon tax policy , Government can control the emission of the conpany by adjusting the rate of carbon tax. the higher carbon tax rate is , the less the company emits. 2.
Beyond Kyoto: a tax-based system for the global reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
[9] Y.B Zhu et al.Reduction of emissions of carbon tax policy and its impact on China's economic impact analysis.China Soft Science Magazine,Vol.4(2010)
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Xi Xi He, Xing Ming Liang
Data analysis
Fig. 4 shows the contrastive analysis of relative values of heat transfer coefficient in different walls.
Compared to solid concrete brick walls, reduction rate of heat transfer coefficient of different walls are seen in Table 1 and Table 2. 190mm thick concrete hollow block wall decreases 16%, 310mm thick load-bearing thermal insulation concrete block wall 58% while compared to concrete small hollow block filled with XPS Board, 310mm thick load-bearing thermal insulation concrete block wall decreases 32%.
Table 2 Reduction rate of heat transfer coefficient compared to concrete solid brick wall Type of masonry walls Natural aggregate concrete Recycled aggregate concrete Average 190mm thick concrete hollow block wall 0.103 0.208 0.156 190mm thick concrete hollow block wall filled with insulation material 0.348 0.396 0.372 310mm load-bearing thermal insulation concrete hollow block wall 0.562 0.587 0.575 Aggregate type Fig. 4 indicates that heat transfer coefficient of walls consist of recycled aggregate is lower than that of natural aggregate.
The average reduction rate is approximately 15% which illustrates that recycled aggregate could lower heat transfer coefficient of walls and benefit energy-efficient.
Compared to solid concrete brick walls, reduction rate of heat transfer coefficient of different walls are seen in Table 1 and Table 2. 190mm thick concrete hollow block wall decreases 16%, 310mm thick load-bearing thermal insulation concrete block wall 58% while compared to concrete small hollow block filled with XPS Board, 310mm thick load-bearing thermal insulation concrete block wall decreases 32%.
Table 2 Reduction rate of heat transfer coefficient compared to concrete solid brick wall Type of masonry walls Natural aggregate concrete Recycled aggregate concrete Average 190mm thick concrete hollow block wall 0.103 0.208 0.156 190mm thick concrete hollow block wall filled with insulation material 0.348 0.396 0.372 310mm load-bearing thermal insulation concrete hollow block wall 0.562 0.587 0.575 Aggregate type Fig. 4 indicates that heat transfer coefficient of walls consist of recycled aggregate is lower than that of natural aggregate.
The average reduction rate is approximately 15% which illustrates that recycled aggregate could lower heat transfer coefficient of walls and benefit energy-efficient.
Online since: January 2015
Authors: Maria Odila Hilário Cioffi, Thatiane Brocks, Veronica Ambrogi
The phase separation after cure is influenced by the HBP chemical structural shell and the promotion of a cross-link reduction.
The Fig.1a and 1b shows the storage modulus (E’) and tan delta (tδ) as a function of temperature, for neat Cycom 890 RTM, epoxy/HPBA and Fig.1c and 1d epoxy/Boltorn blends, while Table 3 summarizes the relevant data obtained from this analysis.
Being the E’ drop caused by chain polymer movements [11], this phenomenon can be explained considering the higher free volume induced by a higher content of modifiers added and to blend crosslinking density reduction [12].
(h) (i) The second phase formed by modifiers discontinue the crack propagation through segmented crack growing, cause a propagation crack rate reduction and crack particles bowing out movement, improving the tension around this one due to plastic zone enhancement [13].
The Fig.1a and 1b shows the storage modulus (E’) and tan delta (tδ) as a function of temperature, for neat Cycom 890 RTM, epoxy/HPBA and Fig.1c and 1d epoxy/Boltorn blends, while Table 3 summarizes the relevant data obtained from this analysis.
Being the E’ drop caused by chain polymer movements [11], this phenomenon can be explained considering the higher free volume induced by a higher content of modifiers added and to blend crosslinking density reduction [12].
(h) (i) The second phase formed by modifiers discontinue the crack propagation through segmented crack growing, cause a propagation crack rate reduction and crack particles bowing out movement, improving the tension around this one due to plastic zone enhancement [13].
Online since: July 2020
Authors: Tatyana V. Stoyanova, Khafiz M. Salikhov, Nikolay D. Stoyanov
In Shottky diodes, this process leads to reduction of a barrier height for n-type semiconductors, and to its increase in p-type semiconductors.
Based on these data we selected for more detailed investigations the following materials: n-InP, p-InP, n-GaSb and p-InAs.
This reduction practically did not depend on wavelength of radiation.
(1) By this reason, small decreasing of the hydrogen concentration can lead to strong reduction of the photo induced current.
Based on these data we selected for more detailed investigations the following materials: n-InP, p-InP, n-GaSb and p-InAs.
This reduction practically did not depend on wavelength of radiation.
(1) By this reason, small decreasing of the hydrogen concentration can lead to strong reduction of the photo induced current.