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However, doped ceria exhibits both ionic and electronic con- uctivity under fuel gas conditions due to the partial reduction of Ce 4+ to Ce 3+ [3].
In view of cost reduction, rare earth oxides as the dopant would cause higher material expense, whereas zinc oxide as dopant is cheaper and nontoxic.
Fuel cell I-V characteristics were determined with homemade computerized data acquisition equipment.
However, as the operating temperature increases, the electronic conductivity caused by the reduction of Ce 4+ to Ce 3+ enhances which produce an internal short circuit in the single cell and led to lower OCV at higher temperatures.

Thus the shrinkage crack reduction and the hydraulic conductivity of a compacted clayey soil increase with an increase in fibre content [6].
Generally used in cementitious materials [8], these fibres present an excellent chemical resistance and a good crack reduction.
A total of 35 samples are tested and the test data is analysed.
By adding fibres to the mixture, a reduction in damage and an increment in the capability of the clay to support loading or overloading can be observed.

., Drag Reduction Method for Supersonic Missile Based on Busemann Biplane Concept.
[7] Kuratani N., Ogawa T., Yamashita H., Yonezawa M., and Obayashi S., Experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics Around Supersonic Biplane for Sonic-Boom Reduction. 13th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (28th AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference), AIAA Paper 2007-3674, 2007
Efficient Mesh Motion Using Radial Basis Functions with Data Reduction Algorithms.

So can get the working conditions data at real time, make sure the whole system stability in a fine state.
Optimization of Magnetizing Reduction and Magnetic Separation of Iron Ores by Experimental Design [J].ISIJ International，1996，36(6)：631-639 [5] Kawahara and Masayasu.
Reductive Roasting of Ilmenite ore[J].Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly，1996，35(1)：31-37 [7] Uwadiale,G.G.O.O. .Magnetizing reduction of iron ores [J].Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review，1992，11(1)：1-19 [8] Luige Piga,Fausto Pochetti.Luisa Stoppa.Recovering Metals from Red Mud Generate duing Alumina Production [J].JOM，1993，(4)5：54-59
Low temperature reduction of ferric iron in red [J].Light Metals:Proceeding of Session,TMS Annual Meeting，2000(2)：157-162

Further increasing of chloride ions concentration in the electrolyte containing sulfuric acid will lead to growth of cathodic polarization; besides, this triggers reduction of cathode working surface and formation of acicular dendrites. [14, 15].
The reduction of undersize fraction yield is characterized by power dependence (Fig. 1).
The data obtained do not contradict the theory.
Kumar, Preparation of high-purity ultrafine copper powder in mass-production by chemical reduction method: Taguchi robust design optimization, Materials Science, Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics. 55 (2016) 386-396

The reduction of asphalt mass can be directly representative of the volatilization of asphalt.
Experimental data presented the viscosity had a decreasing trends with the increasing temperature.
One reason is that the reduction of light components, in the way of evaporation into the air or condensation into large molecular components.
Results with Va process, containing the reduction of asphalts mass, the decrement of light components and the increment of viscosity and VA values over exposure time, indicate that the asphalt can volatilize at a non -high temperature during its service process.

If the solution results can not be accepted, the reasonableness of the model building, the integrity of data, and whether the expression is science or not should be considered, and then the necessary amendments and changes should be made.
An enterprise decided to use clean energy to achieve the targets of energy saving and emission reduction (Table 4).
Try to find an optimal program which could achieve the required reductions [5].
Tab. 4: The resolution results by Hitchcock method Clean energy SO2 TSP Funds Clean Coal 80 60 10 Clean diesel 90 60 11 Natural Gas 95 40 12 Wind Energy 100 100 13 Geothermal energy 100 90 12 Solar Energy 100 100 14 Reductions amount 180 240 Solution: this is a 0-1 Integer Programming problem.

Generally, the methods for the weight reduction of automobiles are using the materials with low density and high strength/stiffness to weight ratio.
Recently, the low density of magnesium alloys has motivated the development of structural Mg alloys for automobiles, where weight reduction is needed to achieve high fuel efficiency [1, 2].
Based on the data from XRD and EDS spectra, the small particles appear to be Mg3Sb2 and Al4Sr, respectively.
Alloys Minimum creep rate (s -1) Rupture time (hr) Reduction of area (%) AS52 8.97 x 10-5 43.4 12.07 AS52 - Sb 5.81 x 10-5 57.8 12.85 AS52 - Sr 5.56 x 10-5 68.1 12.92 The creep properties(150 /65 MPa) of the AS52-(Sr and Sb) alloys are compared in Table 4.

A low friction coefficient between mechanical components results in lower consumption of mechanical energy and increases the durability of the parts involved, contributing to waste reduction and environmental preservation.
It is observed that the addition of hBN leads to a slight reduction of the relative apparent density values, which is consistent with the flowability results.
The data obtained from the tensile tests of the samples produced by SP (700 MPa) and DP (500-700 MPa) are shown in Figure 5.
However, it was found that the use of double pressing and double sintering technique leads to a reduction in porosity of the composite.

According to the leakage detection and repair work statistical data of oil refining enterprises, nearly 80% of valves used in refining unit are gate valve [1], with two kinds of external leakage internal leakage.
To extract useful information from the acoustic emission data, the acoustic emission power can be calculated by root-mean-square value.
Finally, valve internal leakage AE signal RMS value is transported to computer by USB data cable, and computer stored data can decide internal leakage and give result.
Firstly, closed experiment valve and opened ball valve, high pressure nitrogen gas bottle, reduce valve, then, set data acquisition threshold value at 5dB, sample signal as background signal, as shown in figure 3.
With the internal leakage data at the same different pressure and different detect points, signal at sealing face downstream is the strongest, followed by the upstream, bottom and front.