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Mostly it is used in optical microscopy as the demand of visual observations are increased, especially for the micro-metric biological objects or materials.
It leads to the achievement of super resolution profile-meter in optical nanoscopy, especially if it is combined with interferometer or interference microscopy [6-10], which mostly applies to observe the surface of materials.
But, actually it also can be applied to scan a living cell using an optically trapped microsphere that is use visible light [11] which may cancel any potential damage to the observed sample materials.
Wang, Label-free super-resolution imaging of adenoviruses by submerged microsphere optical nanoscopy, Light: Science & Applications 2 (2013) 104
Backman, Photonic Nanojets, Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 6/9 (2009) 1979-1992

However, melting in such an atmosphere will bring some surface impurities, like sulfur and oxygen, into the stainless steel through the refractories or the materials themselves.
Besides, it is often accompanied by contamination of some surface active impurities, such as oxygen and sulfur from charge materials or refractories.
Grujicic, Materials Science and Engineering A, Volume 207, Issue 2, 30 March 1996, Pages 188-194 [5] Z.Z.
Wang, Materials Characterization, Volume 56, Issue 1, January 2006, Pages 79-83 [6] T.
Gupta, ISIJ International, 33 (1993) 567-576 [17] Yuzhen Zhao, Heping Zhou and Yaowu Shi, Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 14 (2006) 331–349

Experimental Materials and Method.
Pan: Journal of COMPOSITE MATERIALS Vol. 37 (2003), p. 1951-1969
Mai: Journal of Materials Science Vol. 36 (2001), p. 1243-1251
Lenz: Materials Research Ibero American Journal of Materials Vol. 11 (2008), p. 447-451
Smith: Journal of Materials Science Vol. 33 (1998), p. 5415-5422.

Introduction Polymeric materials no matter natural polymer or synthetic polymer are widely used in many fields.
Experimental Materials.
Güven: Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, Vol.44(2006)No.2, p.426
[11] J.M.Yang, W.Y.Sua, T.L.Leub and M.C.Yang: Journal of Membrane Science, Vol.236 (2004), p.39
[12] M.N.Hyder and P.Chen: Journal of Membrane Science, Vol.340 (2009), p.171

Materials and Methods Materials Fermentation raw materials.
Table 3 Potential for biogas production from various materials Fermentation materials Biogas yield [ml/g TS] Reference Biogas yield of Hylocereus undatus stem relative to various raw materials Hylocereus undatus stem 695 - - Aloe Vera Peel 478 [7] 1.45 Corn straw 447 [8], [9] 1.55 Wheat straw 450 [8], [9] 1.54 Rice straw 540 [10] 1.28 Bagasse 201 [11], [12] 3.46 Table.3 shows that the gas production of the Hylocereus undatus stem is higher than the other materials.
Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci, Vol. 9(2009), p.4007-4009
Journal of Yunnan Normal University, Vol. 3(2013), p.6-11
Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research.

Aeslina 2,f 1Center of Excellence Geopolymer System Research, School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), P.O.
In this research, marine clays has been studied its potential as a matrix composite materials that tend to be used as alternative materials to concrete.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the King Abdul Aziz City Science and Technology (KACST).
C., Non -Conventional Construction Materials from Dredging Spoils.
Norazian in: Journal of Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 110 – 116, (2011), p. 734-739

Material used to make fibers for reinforcement may be obtained from paper, metal, nylon, polyester and other materials having widely varied physical properties.
MATERIAL Composite soils consist of two parts.
REFERENCES [1] Akbulut, S., Arasan, S. and Kalkan, E. (2007) Modification of clayey soils using scrap tire rubber and synthetic fibres, Journal of Applied Clay Science 38, 23-32
and Choi, T. (1982) “A probabilistic theory of strength of short-fibre composites with variable fibre length and orientation”, Journal of Materials Science 17, pp. 1003–1011 [8] Hoare, D.J. (1979) “Laboratory study of granular soils reinforced with randomly oriented discrete fibres”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Soil Reinforcement Paris, France 1, pp. 47–52
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 130, No. 10, pp. 1-9

Citation Control of Pendeo Epitaxial Growth of 3C-SiC on Silicon Substrate Y.Okui1 , C.Jacob 2, S.Ohshima 1 and S.Nishino 1 1 Department of Electronics and Information Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan 2 Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, W.
Mishira: Materials Internet Journal -Nitride Semiconductor Research 3 (1998), p. 3 [4] C.
Nishino: Materials Science Forum Vols. 338-342 (2000), p. 249 [5] S.E.
Jones: Materials Science Forum Vols. 338-342 (2000), p.245 [6] Y.
Nishino: Materials Science Forum Vols. 389-393 (2002), P.331

Introduction Cubic boron nitride(cBN) is excellent super hard materials which possess superior properties[1-3].
So it is a novel route to improve the hardness by decreasing the grain size of starting materials.
Materials Science and Engineering: B, 149-164 (1991)
Journal of Crystal Growth,549–557,(2001)
International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 147–152, (2000)

The finite element method has been widely applied to simulate the plastic flow of part materials during the forming process.
Acknowledgment The work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, PR China (Grant No.
Y1111068) and the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, PR China (Grant No.2012A610055).
Corresponding Author The information about corresponding author is as follows: Name, Kesheng Wang; Email, xclwks@126.com; Mobile phone: 15958281379 References [1] Cheng Sun, Shi-Hong Zhang, Wei Dong Tang and Zhong-Tang Wang: Materials and Manufacture Processes Vol.25(2010), P. 534 [2] Lu Xianfeng, Zhang Ruhua and Min Shuigen: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.43(2007), P.184 [3] Ulysse P, and Johnson RE: Int.
Vol.41(1999), P.1067 [4] Zhang Shihong, Zhou Lixin and Wang Zhongtang: Journal of Plasticity Engineering Vol. 15(2008), P.31-36 [5] Hua Lin, Liu Shenglin and Xu Hao, Journal of Plasticity Engineering Vol. 15(2008), P.46 [6] Yang J.