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The SF configuration is schematically shown in Fig. 1(b) (based on in situ EL observation and X-ray topography) and a three-dimensional schematic showing the structure of the device and the SF configuration is seen in Fig. 2(c).
Due to the limited X-ray penetration depth, only part of the bounding partial dislocations "F1" and "F2" are visible on the topograph; the invisible parts are indicated by the dashed lines in Fig. 2(b) (based on EL observation).
Comparison between the topograph and the EL of the expanding SF makes it possible to reconstruct the process that led to the fault configuration observed in Fig. 2(a).
Chen et al. also employed this orientation contrast mechanism to successfully interpret TSD/MP images in grazing-incidence geometry enabling determination of their dislocation sense [7,8].
Huang et al. [9] recently explained the contrast variation of BPDs observed in SiC back-reflection topographs based on this orientation contrast mechanism.

Fougere et al [10] have determined Young's modulus in nanocrystalline iron obtained by inert-gas condensation and warm consolidation; measurements were carried out by nanoindentation.
This measured modulus decrease is not as high as the one that is presented in the work developed by Fougere et al [10].
Eh and υh have been calculated with Ctrans high, and El and υl with Ctrans slow.
El diminished attaining the minimum value after 6 passes; these conditions correspond to the fact that size changes are lowered after the pass 4 (see Table 4).
ECAP passes Eh [GPa] El [GPa] υυυυh υυυυl 0 132 - - - 0.347 0.347 1 122 114 0.371 0.382 2 129 112 0.344 0.374 3 136 113 0.326 0.369 4 130 108 0.346 0.383 5 133 - - - 0.335 0.335 6 133 102 0.341 0.392 7 139 107 0.329 0.384 8 - - - 118 0.369 0.369 16 142 115 0.326 0.373 Lugo et al. [15] developed an exhaustive characterization of the nanostructured samples used in this paper, along the longitudinal section.

EL-Attar et al. [6] and Campianet al. [7] carried out studies on the behavior of fully encased steel-concrete composite columns subjected to monotonic as well as cyclic loading.
Recently, Kim et al. [10], Ellobody and Young [11] developed a nonlinear 3-D finite element model to investigate the behaviour of concentrically and eccentrically loaded FEC columns.
EL-Attar, H.
El-Karmoty, A.
A.EL-Moneim, The behavior of ultra-high-strength reinforced concrete columns under axial and cyclic lateral loads,Journal Housing and Building National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt,(2015) [7] C.

Limna.Gibba species were collected from the El-Mahmoudia drainage canal, Behira governorate, Egypt.
Stickney et al., “An updated evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of 1,4-dioxane,” Regul.
El-Shafai, F.
El-Gohary, J.
El-Saadi, and A.

Very few dislocations were observed and thus their density is considered to be low, which is also consistent with Mehta et al.’s [14] findings for nanocrystalline Ni and Ni-P alloy electrodeposits.
El-Sherik, U.S.
El-Sherik, C.K.S.
El-Sherik and U.

The hydrogen diffusivity in a perfect lattice follows an Arrhenius equation written as D=DL0∙e-ELRT (6) where DL0 is the diffusion coefficient in pure iron, EL is the binding energy in the lattice, R is the universal gas constant (8.314 J/molK) and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
Austenite DL0 m2/s 9x10-7 EL kJ/mol 46.58 Ferrite DL0 m2/s 6.6x10-8 EL kJ/mol 10.19 NT/NL - 8x10-5 EB kJ/mol 35.09 The hydrogen solubility at the steel surface is often approximated as zero for the ferritic or low temperature region, since the hydrogen concentration in the air is near zero.
Lankford et al., ed.

El-Tamimi1, c and A.
Nirala et al. and Rasheed et al. applied the Taguchi approach to optimize the process parameters in the drilling of micro holes using μ-EDM process [5, 6].
Jeong et al.
Al-Ahmari, A.
El-Tamimi, and M.

Following George et al.[2] the columns are modeled as an elastic zone of length 2He, with a pair of plastic zones of length Lp at each end of the column.
These records are Northridge earthquake (1994, Sylmar County Hosp., 90 Degree, Peak = 0.6047g), El Centro (1940, El Centro Site, 270 Degree, Peak = 0.3569g) and San Fernando earthquake (1971, San Fernando, 159 Degree, Peak = 0.2706g).
As shown in Fig.3 elastomeric bearing reduces the ductility demand of the column 1 at bent 1 by 54%, 57% and 44% for the Northridge (NR), El-Centro (EC) and San Fernando (SF) earthquake respectively.

Zhan, et al., Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 96, (2005), p. 2132–2138
(Elsevier Academic Press, Massachusetts 2004) [8] El-Rehim, H.
[9] El-Rehim, H.
El-Mohdy, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 98, (2005), p. 1262–1270.

Hence, the total electronic cross-sections )( el,tσ for the ith element is given by the following relation [7], ∑ µ⋅=σ n i im i ii A el,t )( Z Af � 1 [4] Where if is the number of atoms of the ith element relative to the total number of atoms of all elements in alloy.
From (3) and (4), the effective atomic number )Z( eff can be given as [7], el,t a,t effZ σ σ = [5] Result and discussion 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 30 40 50 60 70 % composition of BaO,PbO,Bi2O3 Mass attenuation coefficient (cm2/g) BaO PbO Bi2O3 Figure 1.
Gerward et al.,: Rad.