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However, at high temperatures and low oxygen partial pressures, the loss of oxygen induces the reduction of Ce +4 to Ce +3, producing electronic conduction (Po2 < 10 -12 atm at 900 °C) [7,8].
In order to avoid GDC reduction, it may be used as an electrolyte for SOFCs in the temperature range from 500 °C to 650 °C [10,11,12,13,14].
So, the use of GDC as an electrolyte in SOFC could promote the reduction of its costs [11].
The analysis of the X-ray diffractograms obtained was made by comparison with those filed at the Joint Committee on Power Diffraction Standards/International Center for Diffraction Data (JCPD/ICDD).

Finally, the data obtained from these tests were analyzed and compared.
The activation and hydration of slag can produce good affect on strength development, and therefore complement the strength reduction caused by the fly ash.
Table 2 gives the air permeability indexes API and the pressure reduction ΔP from the 5th minute to the 15th minute for the HPC and NC specimens.
Specimens ASI [] Average of ASI [] ΔV [μL] Average of ΔV [μL] B-HPC1* 0.0084 0.0028 3 1 B-HPC2 0 0 B-HPC3 0 0 B-NC1 0 0.00926 0 1.33 B-NC2 0.0052 1 B-NC3 0.0226 3 *B represents test method (water absorption), the number represents different specimens However, in literature, fly ash and slag can lead to significant reduction in permeability of NC [9], but their effects on HPC are not obvious [10].

Results and Discussion Relationship Netween Adsorption Capacity and Outer Electron Configuration of Metal Ions.The experimental datum in table1 indicate that adsorption capacities of immobilized bayberry tannin to these metal ions located at principal quantum number 2, 3, 4 and 5, and ns group, np group, IB group, IIB group and lanthanide series are relatively low.
Relationship Between Adsorption Capacity andRadius and Outer Eelectronic Configuration of Metal ions Located in np Group.The table 2’s datum indicate that adsorption capacities of metal ions located in np group on immobilized bayberry tannin increase with an increase of the radiuses of metal ions.
Despite CFSE of Hg(II) and Au(III) are 0Dq their adsorption capacities are relatively high, which should be more due to aggregation and state change of Hg(II) in water solution, and the oxidation-reduction reaction between Au(III) and tannin.
In addition the oxidation-reduction reaction between the two metal ions and tannin could take place[4].
These should be due to oxidation-reduction reaction between the metal ions and tannin.

Data presented as the average values of triplicates and the maximum standard deviation among triplicate results.
The reduction ratio of total Zn concentration in the soil increased from 8.11% without the compost amendment to 10.15%, 16.15% and 20.05% with the amendment of 20, 40 and 60 g/kg compost to soil, subsequently decreased to 7.28% and 5.02% after the amendment of 80 and 100 g/kg compost to soil.
However, the reduction ratio decreased when the amount of compost amendment kept increasing to 80 or even 100 g/kg.
This reduction of Zn availability was due to the high pH of compost amendment, which raised the surface charges of Fe and Mn oxides.

Since p=const, and volume V changes, if at all, due to the reduction of atom spacing caused by the drop in temperature rather than by the changes in pressure.
We found a correlation between the relative metal volume reduction (compressibility) and the amount of pressure and the duration of its application shown in Fig. 1a and 1b.
It demonstrates that the application of high pressure turns liquid metal into a new state with the following characteristics: · due to a 12-13% reduction of volume the transition to the crystallized state takes place almost without any changes in volume and shrinkage defects; · when pressure is disengaged, liquid metal elastically recovers its original volume; · the compressibility of 6-8% is achieved when the pressure is relatively low (150-200 MPa) during the first 5-7 seconds; · the compressibility of 10-12% is observed when the pressure is increased up to 300-350 MPa within 7-12 seconds; · when the pressure amounts to 400 MPa, compressibility reaches 13% after over 40 seconds.
Since numerical computations of temperature patterns cannot be implemented due to the lack of reference data on thermophysical properties of molten metals, it is necessary to conduct more experiments.

Low sintering temperature means energy saving and cost reduction.
At the same time, the reduction of preparation time also made the low coat of the preparation.
To pre-fabricate high-quality textured NiO epitaxial films on nickel substrate could be avoid spontaneous oxidation of nickel substrate and make reduction of the thickness of the upper buffer layer to prevent the diffusion of ions.
In order to evaluate the texture degree, orientation index P(200) of SBO could be calculated from each pattern in Fig. 3(a) via the following Eq.1 [22]: (1) Where, P(200) is orientation index, I(200) and I(111) are the SBO (200) and SBO (111) peaks intensity in experimental data, A and B are the relative intensities of SBO (200) peak and SBO (111) peaks in standard PDF diffraction cards (00-027-1045).

The last factor affecting the thermal balance between the forming surface and the melt being poured is a possible reduction in the coefficient of the forming surface.
Thus, when casting zinc alloys under pressure at a low casting temperature (about 380 °C), a slight reduction will provide a greater effect than when casting aluminum, magnesium or copper alloys.
Shafigullin, Automation of metal and alloy melting processes using spectral analysis data on the composition of exit gase, IOP Conf.
Savin, Calculation of the amount of the reduction required for the formation of compound layers during cold rolling of bimetals, Materials Science Forum. 870 (2016) 328-333

Scanning laser Doppler vibromery (LDV) is the most accurate method, which may provide such reliable data, delivering vibration patterns obtained by the non-contact vibration measurements.
Results and Discussion Results of the noise and vibration measurements in the load condition are shown in Figure 1-3, where sound and vibration patterns around the transformer are presented, before (left column) and after (right column) application of the noise suppressing solution, dedicated for the load noise reduction accurately.
The vibration amplitude was roughly reduced by a few decibels, and the approximate value of this reduction can be potentially determined based on the determination of approximate noise spectrum averaged from the vibration spectrum for individual components.
More thorough post-processing of the results revealed however, that the noise at dominant 100 Hz frequency (Fig. 2b) was suppressed significantly, as it was expected from the applied attenuation, which was designed accurately for reduction of the load noise.

Nowadays, the requirements of reduction of noise and increase of the endurance of the gear drives make the design of Klingelnberg spiral bevel gear drives very challenging.
The goals of the performed investigation are: (i) the improvement of the bearing contact, (ii) obtainment of a favorable shape of the function of transmission error, and (iii) reduction of the magnitude of transmission error as the precondition of reduction of noise and vibrations.
[7] Klingelnberg Company, KN 3028 standard, Calculation of Machine Setting Data: Bevel GearGenerating

By ultrasonic testing data analysis, in the fully peeling zone, the thickness of surface damage layer was in the range of 10 to 20mm.
In the view of statics analysis, reduction of mechanical properties before and after fire includes two aspects: reduction of the strength of concrete and steel and reduction of overall stiffness.