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Online since: December 2011
Authors: Rui Zhu Zhang, Yong Li, Zhi Qiang Sun, Yu Xin Zhang, Yi Zhong
Plate contacted with the punch and die, blank holder sliding, the numerical simulation processing is difficult though the process is affected by many many factors.
The anisotropy of the austenitic stainless steel is not very in evidence, so we ignore the anisotropy of the material in the simulation process, the mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel are shown in Tab.1, Plastic constitutive equation σ=1638.43ε0.6328+0•0361lnε[6].
a b Fig.6 The distributions of equivalent strain As shown in fig.6(a), fig.6(b), under the same conditions, the plastic strain zone decreases slightly with increasing of blank the size, the blank smaller, the strain in straight edge die corner greater, the shackles in the drawing processing greater. these factors result in a larger deformation regional distribution.
Influences of blank shape on deep drawing forming of rectangular box[J].China Mechanical Engineering, 2003,14(7):619-621.In China
[7] Jingang Bai.The depth flushes with 304 stainless steel plate craft develops[J].Mechanical Engineering& Automachion, 2008(5):181-182,184.In China
The anisotropy of the austenitic stainless steel is not very in evidence, so we ignore the anisotropy of the material in the simulation process, the mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel are shown in Tab.1, Plastic constitutive equation σ=1638.43ε0.6328+0•0361lnε[6].
a b Fig.6 The distributions of equivalent strain As shown in fig.6(a), fig.6(b), under the same conditions, the plastic strain zone decreases slightly with increasing of blank the size, the blank smaller, the strain in straight edge die corner greater, the shackles in the drawing processing greater. these factors result in a larger deformation regional distribution.
Influences of blank shape on deep drawing forming of rectangular box[J].China Mechanical Engineering, 2003,14(7):619-621.In China
[7] Jingang Bai.The depth flushes with 304 stainless steel plate craft develops[J].Mechanical Engineering& Automachion, 2008(5):181-182,184.In China
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Xiao Ting Xiao, Li Cheng Huang, Yi Juan Liao
The material flow in the deep-drawing process and the factors that affect the flow were described, and the relationships between the factors and formability were also analyzed.
Its mechanical properties are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Materal properties of SUS304 Youngs modulus 207Gpa Mass density 7.85g/cm3 Poissons ratio 0.28 Anisotropic coefficient 1.02 Results analysis Material flow: Draw-in values of different constraint degrees were shown as Fig.4.
References [1] Daxin E and Gaoer Shuiye, in: Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2003, 39(4)49-52.
[2] Yuanzhong Wang, Dingfu Dong, Fufang Yu, in: The learned journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2005, 12(3)46-50.
Its mechanical properties are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Materal properties of SUS304 Youngs modulus 207Gpa Mass density 7.85g/cm3 Poissons ratio 0.28 Anisotropic coefficient 1.02 Results analysis Material flow: Draw-in values of different constraint degrees were shown as Fig.4.
References [1] Daxin E and Gaoer Shuiye, in: Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2003, 39(4)49-52.
[2] Yuanzhong Wang, Dingfu Dong, Fufang Yu, in: The learned journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2005, 12(3)46-50.
Online since: June 2010
Authors: Li Zhi Gu, Qi Hong, Chun Jiang Xiang
Mechanical vibration cutting devices have the advantages of simple structure, low cost,
convenient for operation and maintenance and its vibration parameters are little affected by load.
Scholars in Japan and the former Soviet Union believed that cutting force was centralized in a very small range of partial blade, the range of cutting force on workpiece material was very small, the transferring of energy was concentrated, the original lattice structure of material changed little, then the metallographic structures and physical properties which were similar with base metal could be got
CHEN Jie et al [9]from Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, during the experiments of low-frequency vibration turning of tungsten-based alloy materials, regarding the machining accuracy of turning as the research subject, using orthogonal method, selecting three influential factors(feed rate, cutting speed, vibration amplitude), did full-factor orthogonal tests based on three factors and three levels.
(2) Contrast experiments Contrast experiments refer to set two or more groups of experiments, by analyzing the results comparatively, to explore the relationship between some factors and the research subjects.
[14] CHEN Guang-jun, GU Li-zhi: Mechanical Engineer Vol.10 (2005), p. 25-27.
Scholars in Japan and the former Soviet Union believed that cutting force was centralized in a very small range of partial blade, the range of cutting force on workpiece material was very small, the transferring of energy was concentrated, the original lattice structure of material changed little, then the metallographic structures and physical properties which were similar with base metal could be got
CHEN Jie et al [9]from Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, during the experiments of low-frequency vibration turning of tungsten-based alloy materials, regarding the machining accuracy of turning as the research subject, using orthogonal method, selecting three influential factors(feed rate, cutting speed, vibration amplitude), did full-factor orthogonal tests based on three factors and three levels.
(2) Contrast experiments Contrast experiments refer to set two or more groups of experiments, by analyzing the results comparatively, to explore the relationship between some factors and the research subjects.
[14] CHEN Guang-jun, GU Li-zhi: Mechanical Engineer Vol.10 (2005), p. 25-27.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Konja Knüppel, Peter Nyhuis
This serves primarily to reduce the costs of production factors [2].
There are also bunker devices which separate and orientate parts using the suction principle, by drums or the use of special properties such as magnetism [19, 23].
The external influence and interference factors are caused by the environment, and are difficult or even impossible to influence.
The internal factors for the movement of the workpieces result from the design of the complete system.
Certain workpiece geometries and properties also often pose problems for the conventional technology.
There are also bunker devices which separate and orientate parts using the suction principle, by drums or the use of special properties such as magnetism [19, 23].
The external influence and interference factors are caused by the environment, and are difficult or even impossible to influence.
The internal factors for the movement of the workpieces result from the design of the complete system.
Certain workpiece geometries and properties also often pose problems for the conventional technology.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Lei Lei Qi
Further study showed that the titanium nano-materials only affect the shape and length of its toxicity to human cells, do not affect he bactericidal effects, therefore by controlling the shape and length of the titanium nano-materials, it can obtain nano-materials with a strong bactericidal effect but do smaller harm to human body.
Finally, all the assessments have no standard method; the different methods of the result are not comparable. 4 Nanomaterials and security 4.1 Carbon Nanotubes The CNTS have specific physical and chemical properties, there are many important applications in the fields of electronics, new energy, new composite materials, information storage and biomedicine, for this it received extensive attention, the annual output of CNTS has reached to thousands of tons, and was sustained growth.
So far, all the countries in the world have not worked out the standards of occupational health for the properties of nano-materials, who engaged in the production and processing workers almost unprotected, they are almost impossible to avoid physical contact of nano-materials.
The potential impact of nano-materials on cell culture and animal experimental studies have shown that: whether the nano-materials’s size, surface area, surface chemical properties, solubility and possibly shape would decided factors of nano-materials on life forms (mainly animal, human) Can cause injury playing a decisive role.
The toxicity evaluation of nano-trititanate with bactericidal properties in vitro[J].Nanotoxicology,2012,6(03)
Finally, all the assessments have no standard method; the different methods of the result are not comparable. 4 Nanomaterials and security 4.1 Carbon Nanotubes The CNTS have specific physical and chemical properties, there are many important applications in the fields of electronics, new energy, new composite materials, information storage and biomedicine, for this it received extensive attention, the annual output of CNTS has reached to thousands of tons, and was sustained growth.
So far, all the countries in the world have not worked out the standards of occupational health for the properties of nano-materials, who engaged in the production and processing workers almost unprotected, they are almost impossible to avoid physical contact of nano-materials.
The potential impact of nano-materials on cell culture and animal experimental studies have shown that: whether the nano-materials’s size, surface area, surface chemical properties, solubility and possibly shape would decided factors of nano-materials on life forms (mainly animal, human) Can cause injury playing a decisive role.
The toxicity evaluation of nano-trititanate with bactericidal properties in vitro[J].Nanotoxicology,2012,6(03)
Online since: November 2015
Authors: Harijono Djojodihardjo
Particular considerations are given to fuel burn affecting greenhouse gases and cloud effects due to trailing vortices and hence contrail.
Other means of increasing L/D are increasing the wing span, reducing the vortex drag factor as well as the profile drag area.
The requirements that the mixture must reach approximately water saturation (and not only ice saturation or any other relative humidity) is the only empirical component of the Schmidt-Appleman theory, and it is related to the ice-forming properties of emitted particles.
The radiative forcing of contrails on a global scale can be directly linked to both contrail occurrences and their radiative properties, whereas the principles determining contrail occurrences or radiative properties can be attributed to wake dynamics, contrail potential, the temporal and spatial distribution of aircraft routes, the propulsion device architecture, and the spatial and temporal characteristics of the flight path trajectory.
Scenarios of aviation CO2 emissions show potential increase by factors of 3.summarizes 3 to 5 until 2050.
Other means of increasing L/D are increasing the wing span, reducing the vortex drag factor as well as the profile drag area.
The requirements that the mixture must reach approximately water saturation (and not only ice saturation or any other relative humidity) is the only empirical component of the Schmidt-Appleman theory, and it is related to the ice-forming properties of emitted particles.
The radiative forcing of contrails on a global scale can be directly linked to both contrail occurrences and their radiative properties, whereas the principles determining contrail occurrences or radiative properties can be attributed to wake dynamics, contrail potential, the temporal and spatial distribution of aircraft routes, the propulsion device architecture, and the spatial and temporal characteristics of the flight path trajectory.
Scenarios of aviation CO2 emissions show potential increase by factors of 3.summarizes 3 to 5 until 2050.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Mohammad Zehsaz, Farid Vakili Tahami, Yasser Ashraf Gandomi
Table 1: Geometrical Properties of the model
Symbol
Definition
Quantity
α
cone apex half angle [degree]
63.43
t1
thickness of the conical head [mm]
5
t2
thickness of the cylinder [mm]
5
R
radius of the cylinder [mm]
500
L
length of the cylinder [mm]
488
Fig. 2 Pressure vessel with conical head
Fig. 3: Distribution of circumferential membrane stress in the vessel under internal pressure [11]
A FEA has been performed using the ANSYS program [12].
In addition, a bilinear hardening material model was used in the analysis with material properties elastic modulus , yield stress , Poisson’s ratio and plastic modulus . 3-Results Plastic analysis: In the plastic analysis, as it was mentioned, the large deformation theory was applied and the bilinear hardening material model was considered as well.
In this method, the variation of the Load Factor with Plastic Work has been obtained.
When the Load Factor approches 0.5, the material yielding initiates and with further increase in the Load Factor, the plastic regions develop.
American Society of Mechanical Engineering, New York (2005). [3] EN 13445.
In addition, a bilinear hardening material model was used in the analysis with material properties elastic modulus , yield stress , Poisson’s ratio and plastic modulus . 3-Results Plastic analysis: In the plastic analysis, as it was mentioned, the large deformation theory was applied and the bilinear hardening material model was considered as well.
In this method, the variation of the Load Factor with Plastic Work has been obtained.
When the Load Factor approches 0.5, the material yielding initiates and with further increase in the Load Factor, the plastic regions develop.
American Society of Mechanical Engineering, New York (2005). [3] EN 13445.
Online since: September 2019
Authors: Ranita Lee, S.A. Vologzhanina, Sergej M. Bobrovskij, Boris S. Ermakov, Aleksey A. Lukyanov
Austenitic steels of the chromomanganese alloying system have a higher level of the complex of mechanical and casting properties.
The mechanical and casting properties of this steel in comparison with the same characteristics of steel 12X18N10TL are given in Table 1.
Fridman, Mechanical properties of metals [Mekhanicheskie svojstva metallov] third ed., part 2.
Prediction of the properties of heat-affected zone of welded joints of sheets from aluminum alloys with structured surface.
Effect of nitrogen alloying on short-term and long-term mechanical properties of steel 07Kh12NMFB.
The mechanical and casting properties of this steel in comparison with the same characteristics of steel 12X18N10TL are given in Table 1.
Fridman, Mechanical properties of metals [Mekhanicheskie svojstva metallov] third ed., part 2.
Prediction of the properties of heat-affected zone of welded joints of sheets from aluminum alloys with structured surface.
Effect of nitrogen alloying on short-term and long-term mechanical properties of steel 07Kh12NMFB.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Chen Bo Yin, Ning Ning Dong, Zi Li Zhang, Chun Min Tao, Bin Zhu
According to factors affecting the gas-sensing properties, temperature distribution is more worth considering than the power consumption.
SnO2 thin film, as typical semiconductor metal oxide gas-sensing material, has shown perfect gas-sensing properties.
The gas-sensing properties of the SnO2 thin film are closely related with the temperature.
Therefore, selectivity of the proper temperature is the key point to achieve fine gas-sensing properties.
The SnO2 thin film gas sensor showed reasonable gas-sensing properties to hydrogen at 300℃{TTP}8451 .
SnO2 thin film, as typical semiconductor metal oxide gas-sensing material, has shown perfect gas-sensing properties.
The gas-sensing properties of the SnO2 thin film are closely related with the temperature.
Therefore, selectivity of the proper temperature is the key point to achieve fine gas-sensing properties.
The SnO2 thin film gas sensor showed reasonable gas-sensing properties to hydrogen at 300℃{TTP}8451 .
Online since: August 2021
Authors: Renat V. Gavariev, Elena N. Soldatkina, Ksenia N. Gavarieva
The thermal interaction between the mold and the molten metal after the coating applied by the physical vapour deposition method changes due to the difference in the physical and mechanical properties of the coating from the material properties of the forming parts [18].
An equally important issue affecting the thermal balance is the cooling process of the forming surface with a coating in the periods between pressing cycles.
The last factor affecting the thermal balance between the forming surface and the melt being poured is a possible reduction in the coefficient of the forming surface.
Based on experiments, it was determined that molybdenum has the best performance, which can be explained by its good lubricating properties.
Hekimoǧlu, Relationships between mechanical and tribological properties of Zn-15Al-based ternary and quaternary alloys, International Journal of Materials Research. 107(7) (2016) 646-652
An equally important issue affecting the thermal balance is the cooling process of the forming surface with a coating in the periods between pressing cycles.
The last factor affecting the thermal balance between the forming surface and the melt being poured is a possible reduction in the coefficient of the forming surface.
Based on experiments, it was determined that molybdenum has the best performance, which can be explained by its good lubricating properties.
Hekimoǧlu, Relationships between mechanical and tribological properties of Zn-15Al-based ternary and quaternary alloys, International Journal of Materials Research. 107(7) (2016) 646-652