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Parameters of the RSW technologies Welding technology Weld current (kA) Welding time (ms) Pulse number Pause time (ms) Welding force (kN) Long-time welding 2-pulses welding 8.5 6.4 320 120 1 2 - 300 5 kN 3 kN Fig. 5.
The cooling rate was relatively slow, allowing for larger grain growth in the HAZ.
The WN was observed to be large with visible grain growth.
Smaller and more refined grains generally yield better mechanical properties in steel.
Hornbuckle, On the grain growth kinetics of a low density steel.

Large number of valuable Uranium resources has been transformed to remnant ore, due to mining conditions of the deposit can not be recycled in the process of development and utilization.
So in the mining process mining is difficult that a large number of reservations pillar, low-grade and residual ore bodies, remotely and lonely ore bodies and so on can not effective recycled.
Large number of valuable Uranium resources has been transformed to remnant ore that brought a huge problem to environmental and decommissioning management of the mine.
Generally, blasting heap quality gets better and the number of micro-cracks of the ore block turns more, which is favor to uranium extracting in ore heap leaching and increasing of the leaching rate.
Results show that the design was correct and reasonable, ore grain sizes of the blasting heap was uniform and with appropriate grain sizes, which fully met the requirements of stope leaching. 3 Lixiviant distribution and leaching Lixiviant distribution is an important aspect for stope leaching technology, which whether reasonableness directly relates to the lixiviant distribution uniform, affects the leaching effect, recycling of the uranium and the benefit of enterprise.

The different techniques used for the characterization are: the Iodine number and the Methylene Blue Index.
The activated carbons thus obtained were ground, and then sieved to obtain grains with a size of 500 μm.
Determination of iodine number and methylene blue value II-2-1 the iodine number The iodine number is an important characteristic in the evaluation of activated carbon micropores and was determined using the method applied by Koné et al [2]. and Kiari et al [4].
The iodine number and the methylene blue value were chosen as answers.
Representation of the effects of the adsorption capacity factors of the iodine number Fig. 3.

The result of SEM was shown highly homogeneous surface and average grain size 20 nm with 95% transmittance which corresponding to XRD results.
ITO most widely application as liquid crystal display (LCD)[3], solar cell [4-5], gas sensor [6-7], organic light emitting diodes (OLED) [8] and heat reflecting mirror.Therefore, the growing technologically interest in ITO films with these unique properties as evidenced by not only their increased numbers of used but also the large variety of techniques that have been developed for their properties.
This weight loss was attributed to the desorption of surface adsorped hydroxyl group, which possessed various bonding energies with the surface owing to their adsorption on several surface site with different coordination number and mostly desorbing at 50-100 0C.
For 9:1 film, reclusion process has completed and nucleus growth has already processed with 20 nm. average grain size.
"Dependence of the sheet resistance of indium tin oxide thin films on grain size and grain orientation determined from X - ray diffraction techniques" Thin Solid Films .

The article examines a number of regularities in the production of primary cast ingots of AlSi7Mg, AlSi7MgSr, AlSi11Mg, and AlSi11MgSr.
Macro - and microstructure, porosity and the content of hydrogen with regard to the alloy type Alloy Average porosity score Hydrogen content, cm3/100 gr Grain size, mm Ingots proportion with microporosity, % AlSi7Mg 1.59 0.175 1.35–1.38 20 AlSi7MgSr 2.45 0.194 2.1–2.6 36 AlSi11Mg 1.0 0.12 – – AlSi11MgSr 1.33 0.171 – 6 As can be seen, porosity and hydrogen content by alloy type increase according to the following sequence: AlSi11Mg → (AlSi11MgSr; AlSi7Mg) → AlSi7MgSr.
The fracture of strontium modified alloys becomes more rough and stone – like compared to the fine-grained fracture of alloys without strontium.
In this case, the eutectic cells (grains) on the surface of the ingot have clear contours and are separated by scale – like microcracks.

Microstructural examinations were carried out including macro and micrographs, grain size analysis, and hardness measurements.
The number, type and microstructural arrangement of the phase present largely determine the properties and soundness of the weld metal.
The microstructure of the weld metal 309L consists of a mixture of coarse grain austenite and ferrite phases as shown in Fig. 5c.
The HAZ can be divided into grain-refining sizes HAZ-1 (Fig. 7b), partial grain-refining pearlite HAZ-2 (Fig. 7c) and base metal (Fig. 7d).
The recrystallization during multi-pass welding increate the longitudinal result by forming the grain-refining sizes HAZ-1 and partial grain-refining pearlite HAZ-2.

However, the use of titanium alloys involves a number of important limitations of this material such as relatively low hardness and resistance to wear by friction.
Pictures taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and presented in the Figure 2 demonstrate the size and diversity of the individual powder grains.
The microstructure of diffusion niobizing layer produced using in a mixture number 1 (Figures 5 and 6) prepared at 950°C for 2 and 4 hours can be divided into three zones which differ primarily in color and thickness.
In the outer, dark zone, with a thickness of about 50 microns the large grains, which characterized by indistinct grain boundaries.
In the middle zone with thickness comparable to outer zone, the brighter, poorly noticeable grain boundaries marked dotted dark precipitates was visible.

According to the model of strain induced grain boundary migration [6], recrystallization driving force FR comes from the difference in dislocation density across the moving boundary separating two adjacent grains.
For a population of Ns particles per unit area of grain boundary having a mean radius r, FP will be [9]: s p NrF γ= 4
Knowing that the number of particles per unit volume Nv and the volume fraction f obey: 3 4 3 r f Nv π =
(5) The volume fraction was calculated from the data of precipitates collected in the TEM (mean value of diameters d, standard deviation of size distribution s and number density per unit area Np) [11]: ( )22 6 σ+ π = dNf p
First of all, the initial austenite grain size after reheating at 1200 ºC was determined according to ASTM standard E-112, being found a value of 165 µm.

Waste foundry sand also has a number of recycling technologies.
Grain and chemical composition of WFS remains constant for a long time.
These values depend on the specific surface area and roughness of the mineral aggregates, the properties of bitumen, the shape and porosity of the surface of the mineral aggregate grains.
At the first stage, the sand grain shape and surface structure were assessed.
When using bitumen modified with special additives that increase adhesion and the number of bonds per unit area, such a relationship is not currently observed, or it is reduced to small values of the effect.

Local red rice has some differences in shape and color of grain.
This difference can be seen in the hair on the grain skin, the shape and size of the grain, the color of the pericarp and the color of the rice aleurone [3].
Red rice has several wild rice characters such as the grain easily falling off and small stems and easily overturned.
Based on Table 4, known that the sample from Sumber Jaya has the highest number of deletion mutations than the other three samples, where deletion events occur at 5 nucleobase.
Moreover samples from Cahya Tani had the highest number of substitution mutations.