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Online since: May 2013
Authors: Li Wang, Ji Ming Chen, Qi Sheng Zhu
Meanwhile, the global environment is being increasingly worsened, sharp reduction of non-renewable resources such as oil and coal occurs due to excessive exploitation.
According to the data released by the China Professional Committee of Building Energy Conservation, in the year of 2001, building energy consumption accounts for 27.6% of the total energy consumption nationwide [1], which is a huge proportion.
Holes should be made in advance when the building is being constructed to avoid damage to the construction layers in the rooftop, such as waterproof layer and thermal insulating layer. 2.5 The effect to energy saving and reduction of pollutant According to the area of heat collector, when the heat collecting rate is set as 0.62, the number of annual save of standard coal can be calculated.
Since the auxiliary heating device is propped by electricity, the annual reduction of CO2 , S02, and dust emission is 128t, 0.893t and 0.45t respectively, which is rather considerable.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Chun Yan Sun, Wen Sheng Linghu
The result showed that the increase of the temperature can clearly improved the oxidation rate and mineralization degree of sawmill wastewater, achieving 60% COD reduction and 50% mineralization at 120 °C after 1 h with the stoichiometric H2O2 dose and 25 mg L−1 Fe3+.
Shen et al [6] used a combined zero-valent iron reduction and Fenton oxidation process for the pretreatment of 2, 4-dinitroanisole producing wastewater.
Wu et al [7] studied the influences of operating parameters on oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and pretreatment efficacy in the pretreatment of printing and dyeing wastewater by Fenton process.
Table 3 presented the data of COD and color removal at different addition times of Fenton reagent.
Online since: January 2009
Authors: Michael B. Korzenski, Mark Robson, Kristin A. Fletcher, Ping Jiang, A. Upham, T. Haigh Jr., Thomas J.C. Hsieh
Reduction in test wafer spending enabled by the RegenSi process. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Without RegenSi With RegenSi New Wafer Cost Reclaim Cost Recycle Cost wafer costs are reduced by driving the source of test wafers away from expensive, new wafer purchases towards reclaim and internal recycle (Figure 1).
Conversely, the wafer stripped using the RegenSi reclaim process showed a significant reduction in carbon and a concomitant increase in silicon and oxygen indicating the lack of ULK film.
TDMS analysis confirmed this conclusion (data not shown).
This allows multiple reclaim cycles which results in a significant cost savings due to the reduction in the purchase of new test wafers.
Online since: June 2010
Authors: Andrejus Henrikas Marcinkevičius
Reduction of five elastic elements stiffness to the set of two couples of stiffness Vibrations of the system of wheelhead connection with the bed of a grinding machine were measured experimentally and calculated analytically.
It is explained that at action of periodical excitation force may be got so named an "apparent" reduction in friction - dry or semi dry friction quasi transforms to liquid friction.
Though from reference [2, 3] data we cited assumption that at excitation with the force frequency near to the resonance the damping can decrease near to zero, for our experiment it is not the case.
Gotfreyed: Vibration Reduces Metal to Metal Contact and Causes an Apparent Reduction in Friction.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Hsien Te Lin, Yu Chung Wang, Tzu Ching Su
In Taiwan, the MSGT was the first green building to accomplish Zero-carbon operation, and a diamond rating in Taiwan's Ecological, Energy Saving, Waste Reduction, and Health (EEWH) green building evaluation system and a platinum rating in the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) building rating system.
(the average designing fenestration rate is approximately 25%). 2 Shading Design Eaves, balconies, fits and overhangs were added to the building. 3 Roof Garden The U value of the building's roof was changed from 0.99W/(m2K) (with a 15-cm-thick R.C. roof) to 0.57W/(m2.K) (with a roof garden) 4 Fan Ventilation The HVAC system for offices and meeting rooms was changed from yearlong air-conditioning to intermittent air-conditioning with fan ventilation that only activates the chiller when the outdoor temperature is above 27°C. [4] 5 Buoyancy Ventilation Chung-Hua Hall deactivates the chiller and uses only chimneys for ventilation when the outdoor temperature is below 27°C. [3] 6 Cooling Capacity Reduction The cooling capacity was changed from eQUEST auto-settings to the actual designing capacity. 7 Lighting Power Reduction The office lighting power densities (LPDs) were reduced to 11.8 W/m2; the meeting room LPDs were reduced to 13.9 W/m2; the parking area LPD was reduced to 4.3 W/m2; LPDs
The study then entered the 13 energy-conservation strategies into the base model data (causing the model to resemble the MSGT) and simulated the model second time.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Lian Di Zhou, Dan Feng Sun, Hong Li, Miao Yu, Zhi Chen Yang
Carbon source emission limits policy must comply with the principle of combining China's steady economic growth and modest emission limits; combining the implementation of voluntary emissions reductions and the modest mandatory emission reduction.
Specific consideration to develop and improve the following policies: to determine the emission limitation standards; the development of emission limitation regulations; to develop a reward and punishment regulations for emission reduction and superovulation; the development of carbon exchange market mechanism; the market price of carbon exchange policy; carbon trading and delivery method.
Irrigation, straw return to field, rice and wheat crop rotation, fertilizer with organic fertilizer can increase SOC in agricultural soils, through studying the impact of these changes on soil SOC content and soil carbon effects, first we can identify the number of carbon emissions and carbon immobilization under different land use, this can help us establish rules of reasonable land use; followed by studies carbon effect of different land-use can calculate the increase or reduce of carbon emissions due land use change in economic activities, this can provide data to support establishment of carbon sinks compensation mechanism and realize the carbon trading between urban and rural areas.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Zhan Li Chen, Zhen Zhong Liu, Hui Ping Deng
The kinetic of the reaction data were analyzed using two different kinetic models: the pseudo-first order, second-order model.
For example, based on the standard reduction potentials for the metals [16]: ≡Fe3+ +1e−→≡ Fe2+, E0 = 0.77V (11) ≡Mn3+ +1e−→≡ Mn2+, E0 = 1.51V (12) It can be considered that the reduction of ≡Mn3+ by ≡Fe2+ was thermodynamically favorable as shown by the following equations: ≡Fe2+ +≡Mn3+→≡ Fe3+ +≡Mn2+, E0 = 0.73V (13) Therefore, one can envisage that ≡Fe2+ in the oxide could reduce the ≡Mn3+ surface species.
This reduction could take place by an electron transfer process within the semiconductor oxide structure.
Online since: July 2023
Authors: Kang Hua Yu, Jun Wang, Yu Wei Wang
The series resistances are extracted by measuring the impedance under accumulation bias and then subtracted from the measured data [10].
It is also shown that the peaks in the black dashed circles of N-MOS #2 are decreased compared to #1, indicating a reduction in interface state density (discussed in Fig.3).
According to [6, 13], the mechanisms of reduction in the interface states are mainly ascribed to the incorporated N interacting with the defects and shifting them from the shallow levels to deep levels (distance from EC) or no levels in SiC Eg.
Summary An obvious reduction in Dit and further passivation of fast states are observed for both N-MOS and P-MOS capacitors with the enhancement of NO passivation.
Online since: January 2016
Authors: Martin Doškář, Jan Stránský
As a results, a significant reduction in spurious periodic artefacts in reconstructed microstructure realizations is achieved, compared to the PUC based reconstruction [1, 2].
Results For quantitative comparison of the proclaimed reduction in spurious artefacts resulting from the artificial periodicity of PUC, the two point probability function, defined by Eq. (1), was chosen as a suitable measure revealing data correlations [1, 2]
The method resulted in the expected reduction of periodicity in terms of the standard statistical descriptor.
Online since: June 2004
Authors: H. McD. Hobgood, R.C. Glass, Albert A. Burk, Stephan G. Müller, Adrian R. Powell, R. Trussell, Calvin H. Carter Jr., M.F. Brady, R.T. Leonard, Valeri F. Tsvetkov, Joseph J. Sumakeris
If we focus on the 3-inch trend line we can see a consistent reduction in the median micropipe density over the last 3 years.
In addition if we look at the double crystal x-ray diffraction data taken for a recent wafer we see that for the symmetrical scan 90 % of the wafer had a FWHM of < 60 arcsec with a max FWHM value of 270 arcsec.
In related work we have shown that with the use of appropriate epitaxial conditions that a 99% reduction in basal plane dislocation density can be achieved at the substrate / epitaxial interface.
For the development of high power PiN diodes and other bipolar devices further development work is required in the reduction of the basal plane dislocation density.
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