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Furthermore, punching shear becomes more critical for voided slabs since voided slabs have a relatively lower shear strength than solid slabs owing to the reduction in their cross-sectional area and the punching shear strength of voided slab varies with an arrangement of voids around columns.[1,2,3] Literature Review Several experimental and analytical researches have been conducted for punching shear behavior of voided slabs.[1,2,3] These studies have noted that voided slab systems show vulnerable to deterioration in the punching shear strength owing to the use of less concrete at the slab web which resists shear.
Therefore, it was deduced that the reduction of sectional area of slab by voids was not the only cause.
(1) It was expected this tendency significantly influenced on the voided slab because most of punching shear stress was resisted by the compressive part of concrete, hence the influence of concrete reduction in web owing to voids on shear strength would diminished.
With these limited data, it was difficult to suggest a certain equation for ultimate shear stress of voided slab related with ‘b0 /d’.

The pure PVA and blending ratios of PVA/EL at 9.9/0.1 (v/v) displayed reduction in nanofiber diameter by 37% and 68%, respectively, upon increasing the applied voltage from 18 to 22 kV.
These conditions led to the reduction in repulsion to overcome the viscoelastic force, hence reduced the stretching of polymeric solution to form uniform nanofibers [16].
The electrospun membranes exhibited hydrophilicity with data below 90° indicating a great feature in influencing protein absorption to promote cell attachment [18].
In most conditions, increasing the electrospinning voltages led to the reduction in nanofiber diameter.

Introduction With the quickening pace of urban modernization, urban architectures are tending to complicated, large-scale and scale expansion, the tasks of urban disaster prevention and reduction will be more difficult, and the damages are severe (Fig1, Fig2).
According to the data of the Great Hanshin Earthquake, we respectively statistics the road’s prevailing situation after the earthquake in different regions whose seismic intensity is 6 degrees and 7 degrees in Kobe.
Available safe egress is an important measure in safe asylum, choosing relief road width and disaster-reduction marking setting as indexes could evacuate people effectively and prevent the casualties which caused by aimless asylum and congested roads.
indicator Third grade assessment indicator Emergency evacuation capacity of community Evacuation road Capability of road transportation Road width Road detour rate Road blocking rate Numbers of road entrance and exit Disaster prevention safety of specil roads Wheelchair accessible setting Fire fighting access setting Seismic performance of subgrade Damage index of road Emergency shelters Surrounding environment safety Whether source of danger or not Whether fire barrier or not Geological environment safety Section, terrain（gradient） Difficulties to arrive Distances between community buildings and temporary shelter Relief road width Disaster-reduction

In August 2012, the State Council issued the Energy-saving Emission Reduction of ‘12th five-year plan’ , which including energy saving reconstruction and the Energy Performance Contracting in the energy saving emission reduction 10 key projects, Green Building Action Plan also encourages the energy-saving building to adopt the mode of EPC.
There is a growing proportion of the energy consumption of building to the social energy consumption in China, energy saving and reconstruction of building has gradually become the core of energy saving and emission reduction.
In fact, the data of energy saving effect provided by Energy Service Companies is almost based on the theory analysis, so the energy-saving effect may not be obvious when it is in the implementation and operation of specific projects.

It identifies the dynamic parameters of mechanical structure by physical experiments and experimental data analysis.
As the increasing of speed, bearing stiffness reduction has more obvious effect on spindle system dynamic characteristics than rotor gyroscopic moment.
In Cao’s paper, the high-speed effects including gyroscopic moment, centrifugal force, and bearing stiffness reduction had an influenced on system dynamic properties [12].
It requires research on multi-factor coupling modeling and nonlinear rotor dynamics dimension reduction.

Specimen for determination of the forming limit curves Table 3 Joining radii for determination of the forming limit curves Specimen 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 r [mm] 0 40 50 57,5 65 72,5 80 For determination of the forming limit curve a drawing device, an acquisition and data processing system and an optical system for deformation measurements ARAMIS were used (Fig. 1.b).
Thickness of the specimen In circular trajectory minimum thickness reduction is 18.5% in the descent point of the last circular punch trajectory.
In this case the workpiece thickness reduction is not uniform distributed throughout its circumference like in spiral trajectory.
Thus they can be successfully used for manufacturing automotive parts, leading to the reduction of their mass and thus to reduced fuel consumptions.

Fig. 1 Schematic of the slag cooler before retrofitting The main problems in the actual operation were: (1) The slag discharged rate was rather low and the outlet temperature of the slag was as high as 250˚C, which would frequently cause the breakdowns of the slag conveyor; (2) As for the slag inlet-tubes, much slag was leaked due to the deformation of the expansion joints and the tear of the slag cooler joints, so that the environment was polluted as well; (3) Leakage frequently occurred in the water-cooling jacket of the slag inlet-tubes; (4) After a period of operation, the castables near the joints of the slag cooler and furnace were easily exfoliated, which would be a great threat to the water wall; (5) The inner castables were easily exfoliated and the steel tended to be burnt out; (6) The reduction gears of rotation valve was frequently broken down.
The reduction gears of rotation valve were equipped with a 4kW inverter motor and a 5.5kW inverter controller.
Meanwhile, the lubrication oil easily evaporated in the over-heat environment, and it is harmful to the bearings of reduction gears that the leaked fine particles might fall into them.
Table. 2 Symbols and data values in thermodynamic calculation Symbol Meaning Unit Value Q Released heat quantity of slag kJ/h 117.29×105 Q1 Absorbed heat quantity of cooling air kJ/h 14.58×105 Q2 Absorbed heat quantity of cooling water kJ/h 102.71 Mhz Slag discharged quantity kg/h 16.24×103 T1 Temperature of slag discharged from furnace ℃ 900 T2 Temperature of slag discharged from slag cooler ℃ 150 Vlf Flow-rate of cooling air Nm3/h 19×103 T3 Inlet temperature of cooling air ℃ 25 T4 Outlet temperature of cooling air ℃ 450 Mls Flow-rate of cooling water kg/h 61.13 T5 Inlet temperature of cooling water ℃ 40 T6 Outlet temperature of cooling water ℃ 80 A series of retrofitting measures were taken referring to the calculation above.

Phase identification was made based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) data (CuKa1+2), which were obtained on an X-ray powder diffractometer (RINT 2500, Rigaku Co., Ltd., Japan) operated at 40 kV and 200 mA.
In order to know the difference in PL property between the two types of annealing, the possibility of a reduction from Eu3+ to Eu2+ ion was measured by XANES, using a synchrotron beam.
In previously reported studies, the reduction from Eu3+ to Eu2+ occurred in BaAl2O4 [13] and Ba0.79Al10.9O17.14 [14] prepared in air.
Hong, Reduction from Eu3+ to Eu2+ in BaAlO4:Eu phosphor prepared in an oxidizing atmosphere and luminescent properties of BaAl2O4:Eu., J.

Oxygen rich preparation conditions lead to a reduction to two identically oriented bilayers for both polytypes.
A LEED structure analysis of the full data set for this oxygen treated 6H-SiC sample indeed resolves the stacking to be predominantly S2 (70%, cf. table 1, line 6).
In both polytypes investigated, i.e. 4H- and 6H-SiC, Si rich preparation leads to a termination by three "cubic" layers (S3), oxygen rich environment (adsorption/desorption cycles) leads to a reduction to two "cubic" layers (S2).
The oxygen-treatment induced reduction of the cubic slab saturates with S2.

Unfortunately, breakdown voltages of planar junctions suffer of an acute reduction due to the well known "device edge field crowding effect", limiting the potential performance of SiC power devices.
We use the most recently published model parameters for 4H-SiC to obtain the closest agreement with the experimental data [3].
We have found that with a surface depletion of aluminium doping we can achieve a reduction of the surface electric field at breakdown up to 40% [5].
Also an effective reduction of the electric field at breakdown in comparison with the single JTE case is observed.